Species versus guild level differentiation revealed across the annual cycle by isotopic niche examination

Interspecific competitive interactions typically result in niche differentiation to alleviate competition through mechanisms including character displacement. However, competition is not the sole constraint on resource partitioning, and its effects are mediated by factors including the environmental...

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Veröffentlicht in:The Journal of animal ecology 2014-03, Vol.83 (2), p.470-478
Hauptverfasser: Bodey, Thomas W, Ward, Eric J, Phillips, Richard A, McGill, Rona A. R, Bearhop, Stuart, Wunder, Michael
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container_end_page 478
container_issue 2
container_start_page 470
container_title The Journal of animal ecology
container_volume 83
creator Bodey, Thomas W
Ward, Eric J
Phillips, Richard A
McGill, Rona A. R
Bearhop, Stuart
Wunder, Michael
description Interspecific competitive interactions typically result in niche differentiation to alleviate competition through mechanisms including character displacement. However, competition is not the sole constraint on resource partitioning, and its effects are mediated by factors including the environmental context in which species coexist. Colonial seabirds provide an excellent opportunity to investigate the importance of competition in shaping realized niche widths because their life histories lead to variation in intra‐ and interspecific competition across the annual cycle. Dense breeding aggregations result in intense competition for prey in surrounding waters, whereas non‐breeding dispersal to larger geographical areas produces lower densities of competitors. Bayesian hierarchical models of the isotopic niche, closely aligned to the trophic niche, reveal the degree of segregation between species and functional groups during both time periods. Surprisingly, species explained far more of the variance in the isotopic niche during the non‐breeding than the breeding period. Our results underline the key role of non‐breeding dynamics in alleviating competition and promoting distinctions between species through the facilitation of resource partitioning. Such situations may be common in a diverse range of communities sustained by ephemeral but abundant food items. This highlights how consideration of the hierarchical grouping of competitive interactions alongside consideration of abiotic constraints across the complete annual cycle allows a full understanding of the role of competition in driving patterns of character displacement.
doi_str_mv 10.1111/1365-2656.12156
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subjects Animal and plant ecology
Animal behavior
Animal ecology
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Animals
Atlantic Islands
Autoecology
Aves
Bayes Theorem
Biological and medical sciences
Birds - physiology
Breeding
Carbon Isotopes - blood
Carbon Isotopes - metabolism
character displacement
Community ecology
Competition
Competitive Behavior
diet
Ecological niches
Ecology
Feathers - chemistry
Feeding Behavior
Female
foods
Foraging
Functional groups
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
General aspects
Human ecology
interspecific competition
Male
Marine ecology
Mass Spectrometry
Models, Biological
Nitrogen Isotopes - blood
Nitrogen Isotopes - metabolism
Petrels
procellariiform
Reproduction
resource partitioning
Sea birds
seabird
seabirds
speciation
Species Specificity
stable isotope
Synecology
variance
Vertebrates: general zoology, morphology, phylogeny, systematics, cytogenetics, geographical distribution
title Species versus guild level differentiation revealed across the annual cycle by isotopic niche examination
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