Ultrasound‐assisted transesterification of refined and crude palm oils using heterogeneous palm oil mill fly ash supported calcium oxide catalyst

Ultrasound‐assisted transesterification of refined palm oil (RPO) and crude palm oil (CPO) to produce biodiesel using a palm oil mill fly ash supported calcium oxide (CaO) catalyst is studied in this work. The reaction time is significantly reduced from a maximum of 360 min under conventional mixing...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Energy science & engineering 2015-05, Vol.3 (3), p.257-269
Hauptverfasser:	Ho, Wilson Wei Sheng, Ng, Hoon Kiat, Gan, Suyin, Chan, Wai Loon
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	Alcohol Biodiesel Biodiesel fuels Biofuels Bubbles Calcium Calcium oxide Catalysis Catalysts Cavitation Conversion Crude oil crude palm oil Esters Fatty acids Fly ash Glycerol Lime Methanol Methyl alcohol Mills Palm oil palm oil mill fly ash Physicochemical properties Raw materials Reaction time refined palm oil Regeneration Transesterification Ultrasonic imaging Ultrasound ultrasound‐assisted transesterification Vegetable oils Yield
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