Causes and emerging trends of childhood blindness: findings from schools for the blind in Southeast Nigeria
AimTo ascertain the causes severe visual impairment and blindness (SVI/BL) in schools for the blind in southeast Nigeria and to evaluate temporal trends.MethodsAll children who developed blindness at 15 years) children were compared with younger (≤15 years) children.Results124 children were identifi...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | British journal of ophthalmology 2015-06, Vol.99 (6), p.727-731 |
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| creator | Aghaji, Ada Okoye, Obiekwe Bowman, Richard |
| description | AimTo ascertain the causes severe visual impairment and blindness (SVI/BL) in schools for the blind in southeast Nigeria and to evaluate temporal trends.MethodsAll children who developed blindness at 15 years) children were compared with younger (≤15 years) children.Results124 children were identified with SVI/BL. The most common anatomical site of blindness was the lens (33.9%). Overall, avoidable blindness accounted for 73.4% of all blindness. Exploring trends in SVI/BL between children ≤15 years of age and those >15 years old, this study shows a reduction in avoidable blindness but an increase in cortical visual impairment in the younger age group.ConclusionsThe results from this study show a statistically significant decrease in avoidable blindness in children ≤15 years old. Corneal blindness appears to be decreasing but cortical visual impairment seems to be emerging in the younger age group. Appropriate strategies for the prevention of avoidable childhood blindness in Nigeria need to be developed and implemented. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-305490 |
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All the data were recorded on a WHO/Prevention of Blindness (WHO/PBL) form entered into a Microsoft Access database and transferred to STATA V.12.1 for analysis. To estimate temporal trends in causes of blindness, older (>15 years) children were compared with younger (≤15 years) children.Results124 children were identified with SVI/BL. The most common anatomical site of blindness was the lens (33.9%). Overall, avoidable blindness accounted for 73.4% of all blindness. Exploring trends in SVI/BL between children ≤15 years of age and those >15 years old, this study shows a reduction in avoidable blindness but an increase in cortical visual impairment in the younger age group.ConclusionsThe results from this study show a statistically significant decrease in avoidable blindness in children ≤15 years old. Corneal blindness appears to be decreasing but cortical visual impairment seems to be emerging in the younger age group. Appropriate strategies for the prevention of avoidable childhood blindness in Nigeria need to be developed and implemented.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0007-1161</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1468-2079</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-305490</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25472948</identifier><identifier>CODEN: BJOPAL</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: BMJ Publishing Group LTD</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Age ; Blindness ; Blindness - epidemiology ; Blindness - etiology ; Braille ; Cataracts ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Developing Countries ; Early intervention ; Education ; Education of Visually Disabled - statistics & numerical data ; Family medical history ; Female ; Glaucoma ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Measles ; Mortality ; Nigeria - epidemiology ; Ophthalmology ; Prevention ; Schools ; Schools - statistics & numerical data ; Students ; Studies ; Vision, Low - epidemiology ; Vision, Low - etiology ; Visual Acuity - physiology ; Visual impairment ; Visually Impaired Persons - statistics & numerical data ; Vitamin A ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>British journal of ophthalmology, 2015-06, Vol.99 (6), p.727-731</ispartof><rights>Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions</rights><rights>Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.</rights><rights>Copyright: 2015 Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b457t-ec15b642a15b6b1cca254e25ac728fbc9ef402b216f77713665549abd1a595da3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-b457t-ec15b642a15b6b1cca254e25ac728fbc9ef402b216f77713665549abd1a595da3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttp://bjo.bmj.com/content/99/6/727.full.pdf$$EPDF$$P50$$Gbmj$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttp://bjo.bmj.com/content/99/6/727.full$$EHTML$$P50$$Gbmj$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>114,115,315,781,785,3197,23576,27929,27930,77605,77636</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25472948$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Aghaji, Ada</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Okoye, Obiekwe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bowman, Richard</creatorcontrib><title>Causes and emerging trends of childhood blindness: findings from schools for the blind in Southeast Nigeria</title><title>British journal of ophthalmology</title><addtitle>Br J Ophthalmol</addtitle><description>AimTo ascertain the causes severe visual impairment and blindness (SVI/BL) in schools for the blind in southeast Nigeria and to evaluate temporal trends.MethodsAll children who developed blindness at <15 years of age in all the three schools for the blind in southeast Nigeria were examined. All the data were recorded on a WHO/Prevention of Blindness (WHO/PBL) form entered into a Microsoft Access database and transferred to STATA V.12.1 for analysis. To estimate temporal trends in causes of blindness, older (>15 years) children were compared with younger (≤15 years) children.Results124 children were identified with SVI/BL. The most common anatomical site of blindness was the lens (33.9%). Overall, avoidable blindness accounted for 73.4% of all blindness. Exploring trends in SVI/BL between children ≤15 years of age and those >15 years old, this study shows a reduction in avoidable blindness but an increase in cortical visual impairment in the younger age group.ConclusionsThe results from this study show a statistically significant decrease in avoidable blindness in children ≤15 years old. Corneal blindness appears to be decreasing but cortical visual impairment seems to be emerging in the younger age group. Appropriate strategies for the prevention of avoidable childhood blindness in Nigeria need to be developed and implemented.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Blindness</subject><subject>Blindness - epidemiology</subject><subject>Blindness - etiology</subject><subject>Braille</subject><subject>Cataracts</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Developing Countries</subject><subject>Early intervention</subject><subject>Education</subject><subject>Education of Visually Disabled - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Family medical history</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Glaucoma</subject><subject>Hospitals</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infant, Newborn</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Measles</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Nigeria - epidemiology</subject><subject>Ophthalmology</subject><subject>Prevention</subject><subject>Schools</subject><subject>Schools - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Students</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Vision, Low - epidemiology</subject><subject>Vision, Low - etiology</subject><subject>Visual Acuity - physiology</subject><subject>Visual impairment</subject><subject>Visually Impaired Persons - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Vitamin A</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0007-1161</issn><issn>1468-2079</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkU1PxCAQhonRuOvqXzAkXrxUGVqg9WY2fiUbPahnApRuu7Zlhfbgv5dN1RhPnoaXeWaY4UUIA7kASPml3rhtPdSq7VybUAJZkhKWFWQPzSHjebwSxT6aE0JEAsBhho5C2ERJOYhDNKMsE7TI8jl6W6ox2IBVX2LbWb9u-jUevO3LgF2FTd20Ze1ciXXb9GVvQ7jCVTxFLODKuw4HE_NtFM7jobYTiJseP7sxahUG_NisrW_UMTqoVBvsyVdcoNfbm5flfbJ6untYXq8SnTExJNYA0zyjahc0GKPiuJYyZQTNK20KW2WEagq8EkLE7-As7q50CYoVrFTpAp1PfbfevY82DLJrgrFtq3rrxiCB5zQvKCMiomd_0I0bfR-nkyBEXnCgaRqpfKKMdyF4W8mtbzrlPyQQuTNE_jZE7gyRkyGx9PTrgVF3tvwp_HYgAukE6G7z_7afRBecAw</recordid><startdate>20150601</startdate><enddate>20150601</enddate><creator>Aghaji, Ada</creator><creator>Okoye, Obiekwe</creator><creator>Bowman, Richard</creator><general>BMJ Publishing Group LTD</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BTHHO</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150601</creationdate><title>Causes and emerging trends of childhood blindness: findings from schools for the blind in Southeast Nigeria</title><author>Aghaji, Ada ; Okoye, Obiekwe ; Bowman, Richard</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-b457t-ec15b642a15b6b1cca254e25ac728fbc9ef402b216f77713665549abd1a595da3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Blindness</topic><topic>Blindness - epidemiology</topic><topic>Blindness - etiology</topic><topic>Braille</topic><topic>Cataracts</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Developing Countries</topic><topic>Early intervention</topic><topic>Education</topic><topic>Education of Visually Disabled - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Family medical history</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Glaucoma</topic><topic>Hospitals</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Infant, Newborn</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Measles</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Nigeria - epidemiology</topic><topic>Ophthalmology</topic><topic>Prevention</topic><topic>Schools</topic><topic>Schools - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Students</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Vision, Low - epidemiology</topic><topic>Vision, Low - etiology</topic><topic>Visual Acuity - physiology</topic><topic>Visual impairment</topic><topic>Visually Impaired Persons - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Vitamin A</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Aghaji, Ada</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Okoye, Obiekwe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bowman, Richard</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>BMJ Journals</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>British journal of ophthalmology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Aghaji, Ada</au><au>Okoye, Obiekwe</au><au>Bowman, Richard</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Causes and emerging trends of childhood blindness: findings from schools for the blind in Southeast Nigeria</atitle><jtitle>British journal of ophthalmology</jtitle><addtitle>Br J Ophthalmol</addtitle><date>2015-06-01</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>99</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>727</spage><epage>731</epage><pages>727-731</pages><issn>0007-1161</issn><eissn>1468-2079</eissn><coden>BJOPAL</coden><abstract>AimTo ascertain the causes severe visual impairment and blindness (SVI/BL) in schools for the blind in southeast Nigeria and to evaluate temporal trends.MethodsAll children who developed blindness at <15 years of age in all the three schools for the blind in southeast Nigeria were examined. All the data were recorded on a WHO/Prevention of Blindness (WHO/PBL) form entered into a Microsoft Access database and transferred to STATA V.12.1 for analysis. To estimate temporal trends in causes of blindness, older (>15 years) children were compared with younger (≤15 years) children.Results124 children were identified with SVI/BL. The most common anatomical site of blindness was the lens (33.9%). Overall, avoidable blindness accounted for 73.4% of all blindness. Exploring trends in SVI/BL between children ≤15 years of age and those >15 years old, this study shows a reduction in avoidable blindness but an increase in cortical visual impairment in the younger age group.ConclusionsThe results from this study show a statistically significant decrease in avoidable blindness in children ≤15 years old. Corneal blindness appears to be decreasing but cortical visual impairment seems to be emerging in the younger age group. Appropriate strategies for the prevention of avoidable childhood blindness in Nigeria need to be developed and implemented.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>BMJ Publishing Group LTD</pub><pmid>25472948</pmid><doi>10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-305490</doi><tpages>5</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adolescent Adult Age Blindness Blindness - epidemiology Blindness - etiology Braille Cataracts Child Child, Preschool Developing Countries Early intervention Education Education of Visually Disabled - statistics & numerical data Family medical history Female Glaucoma Hospitals Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Male Measles Mortality Nigeria - epidemiology Ophthalmology Prevention Schools Schools - statistics & numerical data Students Studies Vision, Low - epidemiology Vision, Low - etiology Visual Acuity - physiology Visual impairment Visually Impaired Persons - statistics & numerical data Vitamin A Young Adult |
| title | Causes and emerging trends of childhood blindness: findings from schools for the blind in Southeast Nigeria |
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