effect of tree nut, peanut, and soy nut consumption on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials
Background: Although several studies have assessed the effects of nut consumption (tree nuts, peanuts, and soy nuts) on blood pressure (BP), the results are conflicting. Objective: The aim was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to estima...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The American journal of clinical nutrition 2015-05, Vol.101 (5), p.966-982 |
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| container_title | The American journal of clinical nutrition |
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| creator | Mohammadifard, Noushin Salehi-Abargouei, Amin Salas-Salvadó, Jordi Guasch-Ferróé, Marta Humphries, Karin Sarrafzadegan, Nizal |
| description | Background: Although several studies have assessed the effects of nut consumption (tree nuts, peanuts, and soy nuts) on blood pressure (BP), the results are conflicting. Objective: The aim was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to estimate the effect of nut consumption on BP. Design: The databases MEDLINE, SCOPUS, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for RCTs carried out between 1958 and October 2013 that reported the effect of consuming single or mixed nuts (including walnuts, almonds, pistachios, cashews, hazelnuts, macadamia nuts, pecans, peanuts, and soy nuts) on systolic BP (SBP) or diastolic BP (DBP) as primary or secondary outcomes in adult populations aged ≥18 y. Relevant articles were identified by screening the abstracts and titles and the full text. Studies that evaluated the effects for |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3945/ajcn.114.091595 |
| format | Article |
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Objective: The aim was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to estimate the effect of nut consumption on BP. Design: The databases MEDLINE, SCOPUS, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for RCTs carried out between 1958 and October 2013 that reported the effect of consuming single or mixed nuts (including walnuts, almonds, pistachios, cashews, hazelnuts, macadamia nuts, pecans, peanuts, and soy nuts) on systolic BP (SBP) or diastolic BP (DBP) as primary or secondary outcomes in adult populations aged ≥18 y. Relevant articles were identified by screening the abstracts and titles and the full text. Studies that evaluated the effects for <2 wk or in which the control group ingested different healthy oils were excluded. Mean ± SD changes in SBP and DBP in each treatment group were recorded for meta-analysis. Results: Twenty-one RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Our findings suggest that nut consumption leads to a significant reduction in SBP in participants without type 2 diabetes [mean difference (MD): −1.29; 95% CI: −2.35, −0.22; P = 0.02] but not in the total population. Subgroup analyses of different nut types suggest that pistachios, but not other nuts, significantly reduce SBP (MD: −1.82; 95% CI: −2.97, −0.67; P = 0.002). Our study suggests that pistachios (MD: −0.80; 95% CI: −1.43, −0.17; P = 0.01) and mixed nuts (MD: −1.19; 95% CI: −2.35, −0.03; P = 0.04) have a significant reducing effect on DBP. We found no significant changes in DBP after the consumption of other nuts. Conclusions: Total nut consumption lowered SBP in participants without type 2 diabetes. Pistachios seemed to have the strongest effect on reducing SBP and DBP. Mixed nuts also reduced DBP.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0002-9165</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1938-3207</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.091595</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25809855</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Society for Clinical Nutrition</publisher><subject>adults ; almonds ; Anacardium - chemistry ; Arachis - chemistry ; Blood pressure ; Blood Pressure - physiology ; Carya - chemistry ; cashew nuts ; Clinical trials ; Corylus - chemistry ; Databases, Factual ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism ; Diet ; Glycine max - chemistry ; hazelnuts ; Humans ; Juglans - chemistry ; macadamia nuts ; Meta-analysis ; noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; Nutrition research ; Nuts ; Nuts - chemistry ; oils ; peanuts ; pecans ; pistachios ; Pistacia - chemistry ; Prunus - chemistry ; randomized clinical trials ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; screening ; Systematic review ; trees ; walnuts</subject><ispartof>The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2015-05, Vol.101 (5), p.966-982</ispartof><rights>2015 American Society for Nutrition.</rights><rights>Copyright American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc. May 1, 2015</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c390t-bd038fbb76da4624f63206456f11d154a8f0bf5ff75b0feb0869c931419f59163</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c390t-bd038fbb76da4624f63206456f11d154a8f0bf5ff75b0feb0869c931419f59163</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25809855$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Mohammadifard, Noushin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salehi-Abargouei, Amin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salas-Salvadó, Jordi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guasch-Ferróé, Marta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Humphries, Karin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sarrafzadegan, Nizal</creatorcontrib><title>effect of tree nut, peanut, and soy nut consumption on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials</title><title>The American journal of clinical nutrition</title><addtitle>Am J Clin Nutr</addtitle><description>Background: Although several studies have assessed the effects of nut consumption (tree nuts, peanuts, and soy nuts) on blood pressure (BP), the results are conflicting. Objective: The aim was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to estimate the effect of nut consumption on BP. Design: The databases MEDLINE, SCOPUS, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for RCTs carried out between 1958 and October 2013 that reported the effect of consuming single or mixed nuts (including walnuts, almonds, pistachios, cashews, hazelnuts, macadamia nuts, pecans, peanuts, and soy nuts) on systolic BP (SBP) or diastolic BP (DBP) as primary or secondary outcomes in adult populations aged ≥18 y. Relevant articles were identified by screening the abstracts and titles and the full text. Studies that evaluated the effects for <2 wk or in which the control group ingested different healthy oils were excluded. Mean ± SD changes in SBP and DBP in each treatment group were recorded for meta-analysis. Results: Twenty-one RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Our findings suggest that nut consumption leads to a significant reduction in SBP in participants without type 2 diabetes [mean difference (MD): −1.29; 95% CI: −2.35, −0.22; P = 0.02] but not in the total population. Subgroup analyses of different nut types suggest that pistachios, but not other nuts, significantly reduce SBP (MD: −1.82; 95% CI: −2.97, −0.67; P = 0.002). Our study suggests that pistachios (MD: −0.80; 95% CI: −1.43, −0.17; P = 0.01) and mixed nuts (MD: −1.19; 95% CI: −2.35, −0.03; P = 0.04) have a significant reducing effect on DBP. We found no significant changes in DBP after the consumption of other nuts. Conclusions: Total nut consumption lowered SBP in participants without type 2 diabetes. Pistachios seemed to have the strongest effect on reducing SBP and DBP. Mixed nuts also reduced DBP.</description><subject>adults</subject><subject>almonds</subject><subject>Anacardium - chemistry</subject><subject>Arachis - chemistry</subject><subject>Blood pressure</subject><subject>Blood Pressure - physiology</subject><subject>Carya - chemistry</subject><subject>cashew nuts</subject><subject>Clinical trials</subject><subject>Corylus - chemistry</subject><subject>Databases, Factual</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>Glycine max - chemistry</subject><subject>hazelnuts</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Juglans - chemistry</subject><subject>macadamia nuts</subject><subject>Meta-analysis</subject><subject>noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus</subject><subject>Nutrition research</subject><subject>Nuts</subject><subject>Nuts - chemistry</subject><subject>oils</subject><subject>peanuts</subject><subject>pecans</subject><subject>pistachios</subject><subject>Pistacia - chemistry</subject><subject>Prunus - chemistry</subject><subject>randomized clinical trials</subject><subject>Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic</subject><subject>screening</subject><subject>Systematic review</subject><subject>trees</subject><subject>walnuts</subject><issn>0002-9165</issn><issn>1938-3207</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkU9v1DAQxS0EokvhzA0scemBbD1x7Ni9oYp_UiUO0LPlJGPkVRIH2ylavgffF6dbOCBZetboN288foS8BLbnuhGX9tDPe4BmzzQILR6RHWiuKl6z9jHZMcbqSoMUZ-RZSgfGoG6UfErOaqGYVkLsyG90DvtMg6M5ItJ5zW_pgvZe7TzQFI5bkfZhTuu0ZB9mWk43hjDQJWJKa8Qramk6poyTzb6nEe88_rxvnzDbys52PCaftimxVMPkf-GwWeYYxnG7jn72vR3LI7wd03PyxBXBFw96Tm4_vP92_am6-fLx8_W7m6rnmuWqGxhXrutaOdhG1o2TZXHZCOkABhCNVY51TjjXio457JiSutccGtBOlH_h5-Ti5LvE8GPFlM3kU4_jaGcMazIg21Yp0MAK-uY_9BDWWBbbKAUCgDd1oS5PVB9DShGdWaKfbDwaYGZLzGyJmZKYOSVWOl49-K7dhMM__m9EBXh9ApwNxn6PPpnbrzUDWdJVZWHO_wDC3Jzp</recordid><startdate>20150501</startdate><enddate>20150501</enddate><creator>Mohammadifard, Noushin</creator><creator>Salehi-Abargouei, Amin</creator><creator>Salas-Salvadó, Jordi</creator><creator>Guasch-Ferróé, Marta</creator><creator>Humphries, Karin</creator><creator>Sarrafzadegan, Nizal</creator><general>American Society for Clinical Nutrition</general><general>American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150501</creationdate><title>effect of tree nut, peanut, and soy nut consumption on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials</title><author>Mohammadifard, Noushin ; 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Objective: The aim was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to estimate the effect of nut consumption on BP. Design: The databases MEDLINE, SCOPUS, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for RCTs carried out between 1958 and October 2013 that reported the effect of consuming single or mixed nuts (including walnuts, almonds, pistachios, cashews, hazelnuts, macadamia nuts, pecans, peanuts, and soy nuts) on systolic BP (SBP) or diastolic BP (DBP) as primary or secondary outcomes in adult populations aged ≥18 y. Relevant articles were identified by screening the abstracts and titles and the full text. Studies that evaluated the effects for <2 wk or in which the control group ingested different healthy oils were excluded. Mean ± SD changes in SBP and DBP in each treatment group were recorded for meta-analysis. Results: Twenty-one RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Our findings suggest that nut consumption leads to a significant reduction in SBP in participants without type 2 diabetes [mean difference (MD): −1.29; 95% CI: −2.35, −0.22; P = 0.02] but not in the total population. Subgroup analyses of different nut types suggest that pistachios, but not other nuts, significantly reduce SBP (MD: −1.82; 95% CI: −2.97, −0.67; P = 0.002). Our study suggests that pistachios (MD: −0.80; 95% CI: −1.43, −0.17; P = 0.01) and mixed nuts (MD: −1.19; 95% CI: −2.35, −0.03; P = 0.04) have a significant reducing effect on DBP. We found no significant changes in DBP after the consumption of other nuts. Conclusions: Total nut consumption lowered SBP in participants without type 2 diabetes. Pistachios seemed to have the strongest effect on reducing SBP and DBP. Mixed nuts also reduced DBP.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Society for Clinical Nutrition</pub><pmid>25809855</pmid><doi>10.3945/ajcn.114.091595</doi><tpages>17</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| issn | 0002-9165 1938-3207 |
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| subjects | adults almonds Anacardium - chemistry Arachis - chemistry Blood pressure Blood Pressure - physiology Carya - chemistry cashew nuts Clinical trials Corylus - chemistry Databases, Factual Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism Diet Glycine max - chemistry hazelnuts Humans Juglans - chemistry macadamia nuts Meta-analysis noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus Nutrition research Nuts Nuts - chemistry oils peanuts pecans pistachios Pistacia - chemistry Prunus - chemistry randomized clinical trials Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic screening Systematic review trees walnuts |
| title | effect of tree nut, peanut, and soy nut consumption on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials |
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