THE ROLE OF DRUG-RELATED VIOLENCE AND EXTORTION IN PROMOTING MEXICAN MIGRATION: Unexpected Consequences of a Drug War

Mexican immigration figures have reached their lowest point since 2000. Yet, even if as a whole the United States is receiving fewer Mexican migrants, the opposite is true for cities at the border. In this article, I present evidence to show that this sui generis migration pattern cannot be understo...

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Veröffentlicht in:Latin American research review 2014-01, Vol.49 (3), p.199-217
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description Mexican immigration figures have reached their lowest point since 2000. Yet, even if as a whole the United States is receiving fewer Mexican migrants, the opposite is true for cities at the border. In this article, I present evidence to show that this sui generis migration pattern cannot be understood using traditional explanations of migration dynamics. Instead, Mexicans are migrating because of security issues, in fear of drug-related violence and extortion that has spiked since 2008. I provide the first estimate of this migration pattern, showing that 264,692 Mexicans have migrated in fear of organized crime activities. In doing so, I combine the literature on migration dynamics with that on violence and crime, pointing toward ways in which nonstate actors shape actions of state members. La migración de México a Estados Unidos llegó a su máximo en el año 2000, excepto en ciudades de frontera. Este artículo presenta evidencia de que la migración de frontera no puede explicarse a partir de las variables que típicamente determinan los flujos migratorios. En cambio, los mexicanos han emigrado huyendo de la violencia relacionada con el narcotráfico y la extorsión que se han incrementado importantemente desde 2008. Se presentan estimados que muestran que al menos 264,692 mexicanos han migrado fuera de sus comunidades temiendo las actividades del crimen organizado. En general, este artículo combina la literatura que explica dinámicas migratorias con aquella que explica los efectos de la violencia y crimen, ilustrando de esta forma cómo actores no estatales como el crimen organizado pueden cambiar las decisiones de individuos viviendo dentro del estado.
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Yet, even if as a whole the United States is receiving fewer Mexican migrants, the opposite is true for cities at the border. In this article, I present evidence to show that this sui generis migration pattern cannot be understood using traditional explanations of migration dynamics. Instead, Mexicans are migrating because of security issues, in fear of drug-related violence and extortion that has spiked since 2008. I provide the first estimate of this migration pattern, showing that 264,692 Mexicans have migrated in fear of organized crime activities. In doing so, I combine the literature on migration dynamics with that on violence and crime, pointing toward ways in which nonstate actors shape actions of state members. La migración de México a Estados Unidos llegó a su máximo en el año 2000, excepto en ciudades de frontera. Este artículo presenta evidencia de que la migración de frontera no puede explicarse a partir de las variables que típicamente determinan los flujos migratorios. En cambio, los mexicanos han emigrado huyendo de la violencia relacionada con el narcotráfico y la extorsión que se han incrementado importantemente desde 2008. Se presentan estimados que muestran que al menos 264,692 mexicanos han migrado fuera de sus comunidades temiendo las actividades del crimen organizado. En general, este artículo combina la literatura que explica dinámicas migratorias con aquella que explica los efectos de la violencia y crimen, ilustrando de esta forma cómo actores no estatales como el crimen organizado pueden cambiar las decisiones de individuos viviendo dentro del estado.</abstract><cop>Pittsburgh</cop><pub>Latin American Studies Association</pub><doi>10.1353/lar.2014.0038</doi><tpages>19</tpages></addata></record>
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subjects Analysis
Borders
Censuses
Cities
Drugs
Emigration and immigration
Extortion
Fear of crime
Homicide
Human migration
Immigration
Mexican Americans
Mexicans
Mexico
Migrants
Migration
Migration Patterns
Murders & murder attempts
Narcotics, Control of
Noncitizens
Organized crime
Pointing
Political migration
Population
Recessions
Refugees
Relocation
RESEARCH REPORTS AND NOTES
Security
Violence
Violent crimes
War
title THE ROLE OF DRUG-RELATED VIOLENCE AND EXTORTION IN PROMOTING MEXICAN MIGRATION: Unexpected Consequences of a Drug War
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