USE OF SENTINEL MALLARDS FOR EPIZOOTIOLOGIC STUDIES OF AVIAN BOTULISM

Captive-reared mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) were used as sentinels to study the epizootiology of avian botulism at the Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge, Willows, California (USA) from 1986 to 1989. Sentinel mallards were wing-clipped, and 40 to 50 birds were confined in 1.6-ha enclosures in 11 s...

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:	Journal of wildlife diseases 1994-10, Vol.30 (4), p.514-522
Hauptverfasser:	Rocke, Tonie E., Brand, Christopher J.
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	ANAS PLATYRHYNCHOS Animals Animals, Wild Avian botulism Bird Diseases - epidemiology Bird Diseases - mortality Botulinum Toxins - blood BOTULISM Botulism - epidemiology Botulism - mortality Botulism - veterinary BOTULISME BOTULISMO CALIFORNIA California - epidemiology CALIFORNIE CANARD Cause of Death CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM Clostridium botulinum type C Cohort Studies Disease Outbreaks - veterinary DUCKS EPIDEMIOLOGIA EPIDEMIOLOGIE EPIDEMIOLOGY Female HOSTS HOTE HUESPEDES Lead Poisoning - mortality Lead Poisoning - veterinary Male mallards MORTALIDAD MORTALITE MORTALITY mortality rates PATO SENTINEL ANIMALS Sentinel Surveillance - veterinary sentinels SEX SEX DIFFERENCES Sex Factors SEXE SEXO SUSCEPTIBILITY TERRE HUMIDE TIERRAS HUMEDAS WETLANDS
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