Somatic cancer mutations in the DNMT2 tRNA methyltransferase alter its catalytic properties

Methylation of tRNA is an important post-transcriptional modification and aberrations in tRNA modification has been implicated in cancer. The DNMT2 protein methylates C38 of tRNA-Asp and it has a role in cellular physiology and stress response and its expression levels are altered in cancer tissues....

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Veröffentlicht in:Biochimie 2015-05, Vol.112, p.66-72
Hauptverfasser: Elhardt, Winfried, Shanmugam, Raghuvaran, Jurkowski, Tomasz P., Jeltsch, Albert
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Shanmugam, Raghuvaran
Jurkowski, Tomasz P.
Jeltsch, Albert
description Methylation of tRNA is an important post-transcriptional modification and aberrations in tRNA modification has been implicated in cancer. The DNMT2 protein methylates C38 of tRNA-Asp and it has a role in cellular physiology and stress response and its expression levels are altered in cancer tissues. Here we studied whether DNMT2 somatic mutations found in cancer tissues affect the activity of the enzyme. We have generated 13 DNMT2 variants and purified the corresponding proteins. All proteins were properly folded as determined by circular dichroism spectroscopy. We tested their RNA methylation activity using in vitro generated tRNA-Asp. One of the mutations (E63K) caused a twofold increase in activity, while two of them led to a strong (over fourfold) decrease in activity (G155S and L257V). Two additional mutant proteins were almost inactive (R371H and G155V). The strong effect of some of the somatic cancer mutations on DNMT2 activity suggests that these mutations have a functional role in tumorigenesis. [Display omitted] •DNMT2 is a conserved human tRNA-Asp methyltransferase.•We have tested the catalytic activity of 13 DNMT2 protein containing somatic cancer mutations.•The E63K mutation caused a 2-fold increase, G155S and L257V a >4 fold decrease in activity.•DNMT2 variants containing R371H or G155V were almost inactive.•Our data suggest that these mutations could have a functional role in tumorigenesis.
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subjects Amino Acid Substitution
Animals
Cancer
Catalysis
DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases - chemistry
DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases - genetics
DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases - metabolism
Dnmt2
Humans
Methylation
Mice
Mutation, Missense
Neoplasm Proteins - chemistry
Neoplasm Proteins - genetics
Neoplasm Proteins - metabolism
Neoplasms - enzymology
Neoplasms - genetics
RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional
RNA, Transfer, Asp - chemistry
RNA, Transfer, Asp - genetics
RNA, Transfer, Asp - metabolism
Somatic mutation
tRNA methylation
title Somatic cancer mutations in the DNMT2 tRNA methyltransferase alter its catalytic properties
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