Determination of Nalbuphine in Drug Abusers' Urine
Nalbuphine, chemically derived from the oxymorphone, is a potent analgesic with narcotic antagonist activity. Because of the limited availability of methamphetamine, the abuse of nalbuphine as an alternative for methamphetamine began in late 1991 in Korea. In this study, the analysis of nalbuphine b...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of analytical toxicology 1995-03, Vol.19 (2), p.120-123 |
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| container_title | Journal of analytical toxicology |
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| creator | Yoo, Young-chan Chung, Hee-sun Kim, In-sook Jin, Won-tack Kim, Mi-kyung |
| description | Nalbuphine, chemically derived from the oxymorphone, is a potent analgesic with narcotic antagonist activity. Because of the limited availability of methamphetamine, the abuse of nalbuphine as an alternative for methamphetamine began in late 1991 in Korea. In this study, the analysis of nalbuphine by gas chromatography (GC) was investigated. Using solid-phase extraction, we analyzed drug abusers' urine samples in order to quantitate nalbuphine by GC after trimethylsilyl derivatization with N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide (MSTFA), trimethylsilylimidazole (TSIM), and 1% trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) (100:2:5). Nalbuphine and its two metabolites, nornalbuphine and 6-ketonalbuphine, were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The ratio of total (i.e., nonconjugated and glucuronide) nalbuphine to nonconjugated nalbuphine ranged from 1.8 to 3.0 in the five drug abusers' urine. The urinary excretion of nalbuphine showed that 93% of nalbuphine was excreted in 6 h after intraperitoneal administration of 10 mg/kg nalbuphine to five rats. No nalbuphine was detected in the urine specimens of rats from 24 to 48 h. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/jat/19.2.120 |
| format | Article |
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Because of the limited availability of methamphetamine, the abuse of nalbuphine as an alternative for methamphetamine began in late 1991 in Korea. In this study, the analysis of nalbuphine by gas chromatography (GC) was investigated. Using solid-phase extraction, we analyzed drug abusers' urine samples in order to quantitate nalbuphine by GC after trimethylsilyl derivatization with N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide (MSTFA), trimethylsilylimidazole (TSIM), and 1% trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) (100:2:5). Nalbuphine and its two metabolites, nornalbuphine and 6-ketonalbuphine, were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The ratio of total (i.e., nonconjugated and glucuronide) nalbuphine to nonconjugated nalbuphine ranged from 1.8 to 3.0 in the five drug abusers' urine. The urinary excretion of nalbuphine showed that 93% of nalbuphine was excreted in 6 h after intraperitoneal administration of 10 mg/kg nalbuphine to five rats. No nalbuphine was detected in the urine specimens of rats from 24 to 48 h.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0146-4760</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1945-2403</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/jat/19.2.120</identifier><identifier>PMID: 7769781</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JATOD3</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Niles, IL: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Analgesics ; Analysis ; Animals ; Biological and medical sciences ; Chromatography, Gas ; Drug abuse ; Excretion ; Gas chromatography ; General pharmacology ; Humans ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Metabolites ; Methamphetamine ; Nalbuphine - urine ; Pharmacology. Drug treatments ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spectrometry ; Substance Abuse Detection - methods ; Substance-Related Disorders - urine ; Urine</subject><ispartof>Journal of analytical toxicology, 1995-03, Vol.19 (2), p.120-123</ispartof><rights>1995 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c483t-e9a0380a4abbf255b57d0cee64e7f92eb92bea1ddc2c1bf68e8ddbf01d3a3be63</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27903,27904</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=3446025$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7769781$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Yoo, Young-chan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chung, Hee-sun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, In-sook</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jin, Won-tack</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Mi-kyung</creatorcontrib><title>Determination of Nalbuphine in Drug Abusers' Urine</title><title>Journal of analytical toxicology</title><addtitle>Journal of Analytical Toxicology</addtitle><description>Nalbuphine, chemically derived from the oxymorphone, is a potent analgesic with narcotic antagonist activity. Because of the limited availability of methamphetamine, the abuse of nalbuphine as an alternative for methamphetamine began in late 1991 in Korea. In this study, the analysis of nalbuphine by gas chromatography (GC) was investigated. Using solid-phase extraction, we analyzed drug abusers' urine samples in order to quantitate nalbuphine by GC after trimethylsilyl derivatization with N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide (MSTFA), trimethylsilylimidazole (TSIM), and 1% trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) (100:2:5). Nalbuphine and its two metabolites, nornalbuphine and 6-ketonalbuphine, were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The ratio of total (i.e., nonconjugated and glucuronide) nalbuphine to nonconjugated nalbuphine ranged from 1.8 to 3.0 in the five drug abusers' urine. The urinary excretion of nalbuphine showed that 93% of nalbuphine was excreted in 6 h after intraperitoneal administration of 10 mg/kg nalbuphine to five rats. No nalbuphine was detected in the urine specimens of rats from 24 to 48 h.</description><subject>Analgesics</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Chromatography, Gas</subject><subject>Drug abuse</subject><subject>Excretion</subject><subject>Gas chromatography</subject><subject>General pharmacology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Metabolites</subject><subject>Methamphetamine</subject><subject>Nalbuphine - urine</subject><subject>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</subject><subject>Spectrometry</subject><subject>Substance Abuse Detection - methods</subject><subject>Substance-Related Disorders - urine</subject><subject>Urine</subject><issn>0146-4760</issn><issn>1945-2403</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1995</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp90M1LwzAYBvAgypzTm1ehB1EPduarSXMc82OC6A4OxEtI2rfa2bUzaUH_e6MrO3oK5PnxhDwIHRM8Jlixq6Vpr4ga0zGheAcNieJJTDlmu2iICRcxlwLvowPvlxgTkQo2QAMphZIpGSJ6DS24VVmbtmzqqCmiR1PZbv1e1hCVdXTturdoYjsPzp9HCxeuD9FeYSoPR_05Qovbm-fpLH54urufTh7ijKesjUEZzFJsuLG2oEliE5njDEBwkIWiYBW1YEieZzQjthAppHluC0xyZpgFwUbobNO7ds1nB77Vq9JnUFWmhqbzmgjJUpKoAC_-h2ElnnAufjsvNzRzjfcOCr125cq474D-nA5raqI01WHNwE_65s6uIN_ifr6Qn_a58ZmpCmfqrPRbxsKbmCaBxRtW-ha-trFxHzr8QSZ69vKqZ_PbmZoLqefsB9vOi6g</recordid><startdate>19950301</startdate><enddate>19950301</enddate><creator>Yoo, Young-chan</creator><creator>Chung, Hee-sun</creator><creator>Kim, In-sook</creator><creator>Jin, Won-tack</creator><creator>Kim, Mi-kyung</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><general>Preston</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>C1K</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19950301</creationdate><title>Determination of Nalbuphine in Drug Abusers' Urine</title><author>Yoo, Young-chan ; Chung, Hee-sun ; Kim, In-sook ; Jin, Won-tack ; Kim, Mi-kyung</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c483t-e9a0380a4abbf255b57d0cee64e7f92eb92bea1ddc2c1bf68e8ddbf01d3a3be63</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1995</creationdate><topic>Analgesics</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Chromatography, Gas</topic><topic>Drug abuse</topic><topic>Excretion</topic><topic>Gas chromatography</topic><topic>General pharmacology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Metabolites</topic><topic>Methamphetamine</topic><topic>Nalbuphine - urine</topic><topic>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</topic><topic>Spectrometry</topic><topic>Substance Abuse Detection - methods</topic><topic>Substance-Related Disorders - urine</topic><topic>Urine</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Yoo, Young-chan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chung, Hee-sun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, In-sook</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jin, Won-tack</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Mi-kyung</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><jtitle>Journal of analytical toxicology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Yoo, Young-chan</au><au>Chung, Hee-sun</au><au>Kim, In-sook</au><au>Jin, Won-tack</au><au>Kim, Mi-kyung</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Determination of Nalbuphine in Drug Abusers' Urine</atitle><jtitle>Journal of analytical toxicology</jtitle><addtitle>Journal of Analytical Toxicology</addtitle><date>1995-03-01</date><risdate>1995</risdate><volume>19</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>120</spage><epage>123</epage><pages>120-123</pages><issn>0146-4760</issn><eissn>1945-2403</eissn><coden>JATOD3</coden><abstract>Nalbuphine, chemically derived from the oxymorphone, is a potent analgesic with narcotic antagonist activity. Because of the limited availability of methamphetamine, the abuse of nalbuphine as an alternative for methamphetamine began in late 1991 in Korea. In this study, the analysis of nalbuphine by gas chromatography (GC) was investigated. Using solid-phase extraction, we analyzed drug abusers' urine samples in order to quantitate nalbuphine by GC after trimethylsilyl derivatization with N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide (MSTFA), trimethylsilylimidazole (TSIM), and 1% trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) (100:2:5). Nalbuphine and its two metabolites, nornalbuphine and 6-ketonalbuphine, were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The ratio of total (i.e., nonconjugated and glucuronide) nalbuphine to nonconjugated nalbuphine ranged from 1.8 to 3.0 in the five drug abusers' urine. The urinary excretion of nalbuphine showed that 93% of nalbuphine was excreted in 6 h after intraperitoneal administration of 10 mg/kg nalbuphine to five rats. No nalbuphine was detected in the urine specimens of rats from 24 to 48 h.</abstract><cop>Niles, IL</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><pmid>7769781</pmid><doi>10.1093/jat/19.2.120</doi><tpages>4</tpages></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Oxford University Press Journals Digital Archive Legacy; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Analgesics Analysis Animals Biological and medical sciences Chromatography, Gas Drug abuse Excretion Gas chromatography General pharmacology Humans Male Medical sciences Metabolites Methamphetamine Nalbuphine - urine Pharmacology. Drug treatments Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley Spectrometry Substance Abuse Detection - methods Substance-Related Disorders - urine Urine |
| title | Determination of Nalbuphine in Drug Abusers' Urine |
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