Physical models of rock avalanche spreading behaviour with dynamic fragmentation
The dynamic fragmentation of rock during avalanche motion has been postulated as a mechanism explaining the long runout of large rock avalanches or Sturzströme. This paper investigates whether test conditions that produce dynamic fragmentation can lead to greater runout or spreading of physical mode...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Canadian geotechnical journal 2012-04, Vol.49 (4), p.460-476 |
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| creator | BOWMAN, E. T TAKE, W. A RAIT, K. L HANN, C |
| description | The dynamic fragmentation of rock during avalanche motion has been postulated as a mechanism explaining the long runout of large rock avalanches or Sturzströme. This paper investigates whether test conditions that produce dynamic fragmentation can lead to greater runout or spreading of physical model rock avalanches. Model avalanche experiments were carried out under enhanced acceleration to generate breakage in coal, a fragmentable, brittle solid. Coal blocks were released from a stationary position on a slope to run out on a plane. The motion of the ensuing fragmenting debris was captured using a high-speed camera placed above the horizontal plane. The average position of the front was tracked and the degree of fragmentation of the model avalanches was quantified. The paper presents results of the frontal velocity of the avalanches, corrected for centrifuge Coriolis effects. Comparison is made between the peak and impulsive front velocities, the final runout, and the degree of fragmentation of the model avalanches. Strong relationships are found between runout normalized by the cube root of volume, impulse velocity, and Hardin’s relative breakage parameter, B
R
. Results are discussed in light of the mechanics involved and are compared with field-scale events. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1139/t2012-007 |
| format | Article |
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R
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R
. Results are discussed in light of the mechanics involved and are compared with field-scale events.</description><subject>avalanche rocheuse</subject><subject>Avalanches</subject><subject>Breakage</subject><subject>Canada</subject><subject>centrifuge</subject><subject>Coal</subject><subject>Dynamics</subject><subject>Earth sciences</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics</subject><subject>Engineering geology</subject><subject>Environmental aspects</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Fragmentation</subject><subject>Geodynamics</subject><subject>Geotechnology</subject><subject>Landslides & mudslides</subject><subject>Load</subject><subject>Mechanical properties</subject><subject>modélisation physique</subject><subject>Natural hazards: prediction, damages, etc</subject><subject>New Zealand</subject><subject>parcours</subject><subject>physical modelling</subject><subject>Planes</subject><subject>Rock</subject><subject>rock avalanche</subject><subject>Rocks</subject><subject>runout</subject><subject>Spreading</subject><issn>0008-3674</issn><issn>1208-6010</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqV0l1r1EAUBuAgFlyrF_6DoAgVmjof2UlyWYofhVKLH9fD2cmZZGoys53JVvffe7YtYktQJBcJwzMvMydvlr3g7Ihz2bydBOOiYKx6lC24YHWhGGePswVj9C1VVT7JnqZ0yRgvSyEW2cVFv03OwJCPocUh5cHmMZjvOVzDAN70mKd1RGid7_IV9nDtwibmP9zU5-3Ww-hMbiN0I_oJJhf8s2zPwpDw-d17P_v2_t3Xk4_F2acPpyfHZwWosp6KUtEBQFSgrFw2irelsrwVzCgsqxXjrTSINZSoKmzqSq64lbhaNkIpC4CN3M8ObnPXMVxtME16dMngQIfGsEmaq4pTsJLVvykTNZOiqXeprx7QS7qup4uQokk-UB0MqJ23YYpgdqH6WNRKNrypJKliRnXoMcIQPFpHy_f8yxlv1u5K_4mOZhA9LdKvmE19c28DmQl_Th1sUtKnXz7_hz2ftSaGlCJavY5uhLilQeldFfVNFTVVkezru6lCoqpRX7xx6fcGsayFakRJ7vDW-WgiJoRo-r_E_gKzTuXR</recordid><startdate>20120401</startdate><enddate>20120401</enddate><creator>BOWMAN, E. T</creator><creator>TAKE, W. A</creator><creator>RAIT, K. L</creator><creator>HANN, C</creator><general>NRC Research Press</general><general>National Research Council of Canada</general><general>Canadian Science Publishing NRC Research Press</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>ISN</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L.G</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20120401</creationdate><title>Physical models of rock avalanche spreading behaviour with dynamic fragmentation</title><author>BOWMAN, E. T ; TAKE, W. A ; RAIT, K. L ; HANN, C</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a648t-46144a27a6f35961d46f1d20c6e47b01d3cee8a4e67e9873b1f3eb59266faae93</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>avalanche rocheuse</topic><topic>Avalanches</topic><topic>Breakage</topic><topic>Canada</topic><topic>centrifuge</topic><topic>Coal</topic><topic>Dynamics</topic><topic>Earth sciences</topic><topic>Earth, ocean, space</topic><topic>Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics</topic><topic>Engineering geology</topic><topic>Environmental aspects</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Fragmentation</topic><topic>Geodynamics</topic><topic>Geotechnology</topic><topic>Landslides & mudslides</topic><topic>Load</topic><topic>Mechanical properties</topic><topic>modélisation physique</topic><topic>Natural hazards: prediction, damages, etc</topic><topic>New Zealand</topic><topic>parcours</topic><topic>physical modelling</topic><topic>Planes</topic><topic>Rock</topic><topic>rock avalanche</topic><topic>Rocks</topic><topic>runout</topic><topic>Spreading</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>BOWMAN, E. T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>TAKE, W. A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>RAIT, K. 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T</au><au>TAKE, W. A</au><au>RAIT, K. L</au><au>HANN, C</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Physical models of rock avalanche spreading behaviour with dynamic fragmentation</atitle><jtitle>Canadian geotechnical journal</jtitle><date>2012-04-01</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>49</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>460</spage><epage>476</epage><pages>460-476</pages><issn>0008-3674</issn><eissn>1208-6010</eissn><coden>CGJOAH</coden><abstract>The dynamic fragmentation of rock during avalanche motion has been postulated as a mechanism explaining the long runout of large rock avalanches or Sturzströme. This paper investigates whether test conditions that produce dynamic fragmentation can lead to greater runout or spreading of physical model rock avalanches. Model avalanche experiments were carried out under enhanced acceleration to generate breakage in coal, a fragmentable, brittle solid. Coal blocks were released from a stationary position on a slope to run out on a plane. The motion of the ensuing fragmenting debris was captured using a high-speed camera placed above the horizontal plane. The average position of the front was tracked and the degree of fragmentation of the model avalanches was quantified. The paper presents results of the frontal velocity of the avalanches, corrected for centrifuge Coriolis effects. Comparison is made between the peak and impulsive front velocities, the final runout, and the degree of fragmentation of the model avalanches. Strong relationships are found between runout normalized by the cube root of volume, impulse velocity, and Hardin’s relative breakage parameter, B
R
. Results are discussed in light of the mechanics involved and are compared with field-scale events.</abstract><cop>Ottawa, ON</cop><pub>NRC Research Press</pub><doi>10.1139/t2012-007</doi><tpages>17</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | avalanche rocheuse Avalanches Breakage Canada centrifuge Coal Dynamics Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics Engineering geology Environmental aspects Exact sciences and technology Fragmentation Geodynamics Geotechnology Landslides & mudslides Load Mechanical properties modélisation physique Natural hazards: prediction, damages, etc New Zealand parcours physical modelling Planes Rock rock avalanche Rocks runout Spreading |
| title | Physical models of rock avalanche spreading behaviour with dynamic fragmentation |
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