Calf serum constituent fractions influence polyethylene wear and microbial growth in knee simulator testing
Calf serum lubricants consisting of various polypeptide constituent fractions are routinely used in knee wear simulators as part of the standardized test protocol. Three calf sera (bovine, new-born and alpha) were diluted as per the recommendation of ISO 14243-3 and used in displacement-controlled k...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H, Journal of engineering in medicine Journal of engineering in medicine, 2012-06, Vol.226 (6), p.427-440 |
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| creator | Brandt, Jan-M Charron, Kory Zhao, Lin MacDonald, Steven J Medley, John B |
| description | Calf serum lubricants consisting of various polypeptide constituent fractions are routinely used in knee wear simulators as part of the standardized test protocol. Three calf sera (bovine, new-born and alpha) were diluted as per the recommendation of ISO 14243-3 and used in displacement-controlled knee wear simulators to investigate their effects on polyethylene wear. Biochemical analyses included measuring total polypeptide degradation, electrophoretic profiles and low-molecular weight polypeptide concentrations to elucidate their involvement in the wear process. The effects of the various calf sera constituent fractions on microbial growth were also explored. The polyethylene wear rates and the results from the biochemical analyses for the three calf serum lubricants were all found to be statistically significantly different from each other. The lubricant derived from the alpha-calf serum was closest in constituent fractions to human synovial fluid. It also showed the lowest polyethylene wear rate (14.38 ± 0.85 mm3/million cycles) and the lowest amount of polypeptide degradation (7.77 ± 3.87%). Furthermore, the alpha-calf serum lubricant was associated with the least amount of change in the electrophoretic profile, the least change in low-molecular weight polypeptide concentration, and the lowest microbial growth in the presence of sodium azide (a microbial inhibitor conventionally used in implant wear testing). Replacing sodium azide with a broad spectrum antibiotic-antimycotic eradicated the microbial growth. Some speculation was entertained regarding the effect of alpha-calf serum on colloid-mediated boundary lubrication. Based on the results, it was recommended that ISO 14243-3 be modified to include guidelines on calf serum constituent fractions that would favour using alpha-calf serum in order to improve the fidelity of the simulation in knee implant wear testing. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1177/0954411912444248 |
| format | Article |
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Three calf sera (bovine, new-born and alpha) were diluted as per the recommendation of ISO 14243-3 and used in displacement-controlled knee wear simulators to investigate their effects on polyethylene wear. Biochemical analyses included measuring total polypeptide degradation, electrophoretic profiles and low-molecular weight polypeptide concentrations to elucidate their involvement in the wear process. The effects of the various calf sera constituent fractions on microbial growth were also explored. The polyethylene wear rates and the results from the biochemical analyses for the three calf serum lubricants were all found to be statistically significantly different from each other. The lubricant derived from the alpha-calf serum was closest in constituent fractions to human synovial fluid. It also showed the lowest polyethylene wear rate (14.38 ± 0.85 mm3/million cycles) and the lowest amount of polypeptide degradation (7.77 ± 3.87%). Furthermore, the alpha-calf serum lubricant was associated with the least amount of change in the electrophoretic profile, the least change in low-molecular weight polypeptide concentration, and the lowest microbial growth in the presence of sodium azide (a microbial inhibitor conventionally used in implant wear testing). Replacing sodium azide with a broad spectrum antibiotic-antimycotic eradicated the microbial growth. Some speculation was entertained regarding the effect of alpha-calf serum on colloid-mediated boundary lubrication. Based on the results, it was recommended that ISO 14243-3 be modified to include guidelines on calf serum constituent fractions that would favour using alpha-calf serum in order to improve the fidelity of the simulation in knee implant wear testing.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0954-4119</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2041-3033</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1177/0954411912444248</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22783759</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London, England: SAGE Publications</publisher><subject>Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Biodegradation ; Cattle ; Constituents ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Knee - physiopathology ; Knee Prosthesis - microbiology ; Knee Prosthesis - standards ; Knees ; Lubricants ; Lubricants - analysis ; Lubricants - chemistry ; Lubricants - standards ; Materials Testing - methods ; Materials Testing - standards ; Medical equipment ; Microorganisms ; Polyethylene ; Polyethylenes ; Polyethylenes - analysis ; Polyethylenes - chemistry ; Polyethylenes - standards ; Polypeptides ; Proteolysis ; Serum - chemistry ; Serums ; Synovial Fluid - chemistry ; Wear ; Wear tests</subject><ispartof>Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H, Journal of engineering in medicine, 2012-06, Vol.226 (6), p.427-440</ispartof><rights>IMechE 2012</rights><rights>Copyright SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC. 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Part H, Journal of engineering in medicine</title><addtitle>Proc Inst Mech Eng H</addtitle><description>Calf serum lubricants consisting of various polypeptide constituent fractions are routinely used in knee wear simulators as part of the standardized test protocol. Three calf sera (bovine, new-born and alpha) were diluted as per the recommendation of ISO 14243-3 and used in displacement-controlled knee wear simulators to investigate their effects on polyethylene wear. Biochemical analyses included measuring total polypeptide degradation, electrophoretic profiles and low-molecular weight polypeptide concentrations to elucidate their involvement in the wear process. The effects of the various calf sera constituent fractions on microbial growth were also explored. The polyethylene wear rates and the results from the biochemical analyses for the three calf serum lubricants were all found to be statistically significantly different from each other. The lubricant derived from the alpha-calf serum was closest in constituent fractions to human synovial fluid. It also showed the lowest polyethylene wear rate (14.38 ± 0.85 mm3/million cycles) and the lowest amount of polypeptide degradation (7.77 ± 3.87%). Furthermore, the alpha-calf serum lubricant was associated with the least amount of change in the electrophoretic profile, the least change in low-molecular weight polypeptide concentration, and the lowest microbial growth in the presence of sodium azide (a microbial inhibitor conventionally used in implant wear testing). Replacing sodium azide with a broad spectrum antibiotic-antimycotic eradicated the microbial growth. Some speculation was entertained regarding the effect of alpha-calf serum on colloid-mediated boundary lubrication. Based on the results, it was recommended that ISO 14243-3 be modified to include guidelines on calf serum constituent fractions that would favour using alpha-calf serum in order to improve the fidelity of the simulation in knee implant wear testing.</description><subject>Analysis of Variance</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biodegradation</subject><subject>Cattle</subject><subject>Constituents</subject><subject>Guidelines as Topic</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Knee - physiopathology</subject><subject>Knee Prosthesis - microbiology</subject><subject>Knee Prosthesis - standards</subject><subject>Knees</subject><subject>Lubricants</subject><subject>Lubricants - analysis</subject><subject>Lubricants - chemistry</subject><subject>Lubricants - standards</subject><subject>Materials Testing - methods</subject><subject>Materials Testing - standards</subject><subject>Medical equipment</subject><subject>Microorganisms</subject><subject>Polyethylene</subject><subject>Polyethylenes</subject><subject>Polyethylenes - analysis</subject><subject>Polyethylenes - chemistry</subject><subject>Polyethylenes - standards</subject><subject>Polypeptides</subject><subject>Proteolysis</subject><subject>Serum - chemistry</subject><subject>Serums</subject><subject>Synovial Fluid - chemistry</subject><subject>Wear</subject><subject>Wear tests</subject><issn>0954-4119</issn><issn>2041-3033</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkc1r3DAQxUVpabZp7zkFQS-5uB192JKPYUmaQiCX9mxkebRxIssbSSbsfx9tNi0lUMIcBmZ-7w3SI-SEwTfGlPoObS0lYy3jUkou9Tuy4iBZJUCI92S1X1f7_RH5lNIdADAGzUdyxLnSQtXtityvjXc0YVwmaueQ8pgXDJm6aGwey4COwfkyski3s99hvt15DEgf0URqwkCn0ca5H42nmzg_5tsioPcBkaZxWrzJc6QZi2_YfCYfnPEJv7z0Y_L78uLX-qq6vvnxc31-XVkpWK76VtfKNNwIHEzbGsuckLbRANI41luLWtZWtCC0NX0jBq7BSWcGwft6cE4ck7OD7zbOD0u53U1jsui9CTgvqWONYrViUui3UcFLQa3l2yhw2QquAAr69RV6Ny8xlDcXiqmm4c2zIRyo8n8pRXTdNo6TibsCdft4u9fxFsnpi_HSTzj8FfzJswDVAUhmg_9e_Y_hEwK8rTA</recordid><startdate>201206</startdate><enddate>201206</enddate><creator>Brandt, Jan-M</creator><creator>Charron, Kory</creator><creator>Zhao, Lin</creator><creator>MacDonald, Steven J</creator><creator>Medley, John B</creator><general>SAGE Publications</general><general>SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QF</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>7SC</scope><scope>7SE</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7TA</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H8G</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>L~C</scope><scope>L~D</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>C1K</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201206</creationdate><title>Calf serum constituent fractions influence polyethylene wear and microbial growth in knee simulator testing</title><author>Brandt, Jan-M ; Charron, Kory ; Zhao, Lin ; MacDonald, Steven J ; Medley, John B</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c431t-b9857a62a3eda99ac1f34c68004af1bcce845c39038cab63d280f4fad32b5dff3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Analysis of Variance</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biodegradation</topic><topic>Cattle</topic><topic>Constituents</topic><topic>Guidelines as Topic</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Knee - physiopathology</topic><topic>Knee Prosthesis - microbiology</topic><topic>Knee Prosthesis - standards</topic><topic>Knees</topic><topic>Lubricants</topic><topic>Lubricants - analysis</topic><topic>Lubricants - chemistry</topic><topic>Lubricants - standards</topic><topic>Materials Testing - methods</topic><topic>Materials Testing - standards</topic><topic>Medical equipment</topic><topic>Microorganisms</topic><topic>Polyethylene</topic><topic>Polyethylenes</topic><topic>Polyethylenes - analysis</topic><topic>Polyethylenes - chemistry</topic><topic>Polyethylenes - standards</topic><topic>Polypeptides</topic><topic>Proteolysis</topic><topic>Serum - chemistry</topic><topic>Serums</topic><topic>Synovial Fluid - chemistry</topic><topic>Wear</topic><topic>Wear tests</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Brandt, Jan-M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Charron, Kory</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Lin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MacDonald, Steven J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Medley, John B</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aluminium Industry Abstracts</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Ceramic Abstracts</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts</collection><collection>Corrosion Abstracts</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Materials Business File</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Copper Technical Reference Library</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Computer Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><jtitle>Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H, Journal of engineering in medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Brandt, Jan-M</au><au>Charron, Kory</au><au>Zhao, Lin</au><au>MacDonald, Steven J</au><au>Medley, John B</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Calf serum constituent fractions influence polyethylene wear and microbial growth in knee simulator testing</atitle><jtitle>Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H, Journal of engineering in medicine</jtitle><addtitle>Proc Inst Mech Eng H</addtitle><date>2012-06</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>226</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>427</spage><epage>440</epage><pages>427-440</pages><issn>0954-4119</issn><eissn>2041-3033</eissn><abstract>Calf serum lubricants consisting of various polypeptide constituent fractions are routinely used in knee wear simulators as part of the standardized test protocol. Three calf sera (bovine, new-born and alpha) were diluted as per the recommendation of ISO 14243-3 and used in displacement-controlled knee wear simulators to investigate their effects on polyethylene wear. Biochemical analyses included measuring total polypeptide degradation, electrophoretic profiles and low-molecular weight polypeptide concentrations to elucidate their involvement in the wear process. The effects of the various calf sera constituent fractions on microbial growth were also explored. The polyethylene wear rates and the results from the biochemical analyses for the three calf serum lubricants were all found to be statistically significantly different from each other. The lubricant derived from the alpha-calf serum was closest in constituent fractions to human synovial fluid. It also showed the lowest polyethylene wear rate (14.38 ± 0.85 mm3/million cycles) and the lowest amount of polypeptide degradation (7.77 ± 3.87%). Furthermore, the alpha-calf serum lubricant was associated with the least amount of change in the electrophoretic profile, the least change in low-molecular weight polypeptide concentration, and the lowest microbial growth in the presence of sodium azide (a microbial inhibitor conventionally used in implant wear testing). Replacing sodium azide with a broad spectrum antibiotic-antimycotic eradicated the microbial growth. Some speculation was entertained regarding the effect of alpha-calf serum on colloid-mediated boundary lubrication. Based on the results, it was recommended that ISO 14243-3 be modified to include guidelines on calf serum constituent fractions that would favour using alpha-calf serum in order to improve the fidelity of the simulation in knee implant wear testing.</abstract><cop>London, England</cop><pub>SAGE Publications</pub><pmid>22783759</pmid><doi>10.1177/0954411912444248</doi><tpages>14</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H, Journal of engineering in medicine, 2012-06, Vol.226 (6), p.427-440 |
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| subjects | Analysis of Variance Animals Biodegradation Cattle Constituents Guidelines as Topic Humans Knee - physiopathology Knee Prosthesis - microbiology Knee Prosthesis - standards Knees Lubricants Lubricants - analysis Lubricants - chemistry Lubricants - standards Materials Testing - methods Materials Testing - standards Medical equipment Microorganisms Polyethylene Polyethylenes Polyethylenes - analysis Polyethylenes - chemistry Polyethylenes - standards Polypeptides Proteolysis Serum - chemistry Serums Synovial Fluid - chemistry Wear Wear tests |
| title | Calf serum constituent fractions influence polyethylene wear and microbial growth in knee simulator testing |
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