European spring and autumn temperature variability and change of extremes over the last half millennium
We evaluate variability, trends, uncertainties, and change of extremes of reconstructed and observed European spring and autumn temperature back to 1500. Spring and autumn temperature experienced systematic century‐scale cooling compared to present conditions. The coldest springs appeared during the...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Geophysical research letters 2005-08, Vol.32 (15), p.L15713.1-n/a |
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| container_title | Geophysical research letters |
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| creator | Xoplaki, E. Luterbacher, J. Paeth, H. Dietrich, D. Steiner, N. Grosjean, M. Wanner, H. |
| description | We evaluate variability, trends, uncertainties, and change of extremes of reconstructed and observed European spring and autumn temperature back to 1500. Spring and autumn temperature experienced systematic century‐scale cooling compared to present conditions. The coldest springs appeared during the Maunder Minimum (ΔT = −1 K wrt 1901–2000). The amplitude of spring temperature variations at decadal and multidecadal scales doubles that of autumn and is most expressed in northeastern Europe. The decade 1995–2004 was very likely the warmest of the last half millennium. Anomalously warm springs and autumns have generally become more extreme in recent decades. However, the recent changes are statistically not significant with respect to the pre‐industrial period. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1029/2005GL023424 |
| format | Article |
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Spring and autumn temperature experienced systematic century‐scale cooling compared to present conditions. The coldest springs appeared during the Maunder Minimum (ΔT = −1 K wrt 1901–2000). The amplitude of spring temperature variations at decadal and multidecadal scales doubles that of autumn and is most expressed in northeastern Europe. The decade 1995–2004 was very likely the warmest of the last half millennium. Anomalously warm springs and autumns have generally become more extreme in recent decades. 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Res. Lett</addtitle><description>We evaluate variability, trends, uncertainties, and change of extremes of reconstructed and observed European spring and autumn temperature back to 1500. Spring and autumn temperature experienced systematic century‐scale cooling compared to present conditions. The coldest springs appeared during the Maunder Minimum (ΔT = −1 K wrt 1901–2000). The amplitude of spring temperature variations at decadal and multidecadal scales doubles that of autumn and is most expressed in northeastern Europe. The decade 1995–2004 was very likely the warmest of the last half millennium. Anomalously warm springs and autumns have generally become more extreme in recent decades. However, the recent changes are statistically not significant with respect to the pre‐industrial period.</description><subject>Amplitudes</subject><subject>Autumn</subject><subject>Cooling systems</subject><subject>Earth sciences</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Geophysics</subject><subject>Seasonal variations</subject><subject>Spring (season)</subject><subject>Trends</subject><subject>Uncertainty</subject><issn>0094-8276</issn><issn>1944-8007</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2005</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkM2O0zAURi0EEqWw4wG8QWJB4NpO7HiJhqGAKpAQPxIby3FuWoPjFNsZpm9PSkfACla-i3M-WYeQhwyeMuD6GQdoNlvgoub1LbJiuq6rFkDdJisAvdxcybvkXs5fAUCAYCuyu5zTdEAbaT4kH3fUxp7aucxjpAXHAyZb5oT0yiZvOx98Of5C3N7GHdJpoHhdEo6Y6XSFiZY90mBzoXsbBjr6EDBGP4_3yZ3BhowPbt41-fjy8sPFq2r7bvP64vm2sg2TsrKsH2rpaoHCOVszJwWC7JsehexANb12XdM5xlTbM8mY7npQTtaDblrVSBBr8vi8e0jT9xlzMaPPDkOwEac5GyYVq7Xgmv8fbQTotj2lWpMnZ9SlKeeEg1lijTYdDQNzSm_-Tr_gj26WbXZLh2Sj8_mPo0BrLk8_4Gfuhw94_Oem2bzfcmBMLlJ1lnwueP1bsumbkUqoxnx-uzGtVF_YpxdvjBQ_ATDFoNw</recordid><startdate>200508</startdate><enddate>200508</enddate><creator>Xoplaki, E.</creator><creator>Luterbacher, J.</creator><creator>Paeth, H.</creator><creator>Dietrich, D.</creator><creator>Steiner, N.</creator><creator>Grosjean, M.</creator><creator>Wanner, H.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>American Geophysical Union</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200508</creationdate><title>European spring and autumn temperature variability and change of extremes over the last half millennium</title><author>Xoplaki, E. ; Luterbacher, J. ; Paeth, H. ; Dietrich, D. ; Steiner, N. ; Grosjean, M. ; Wanner, H.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a5166-a1df46c43e3cca41c63e06d5de36b075d9cb5bc1178d16119bd07c64f95875603</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2005</creationdate><topic>Amplitudes</topic><topic>Autumn</topic><topic>Cooling systems</topic><topic>Earth sciences</topic><topic>Earth, ocean, space</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Geophysics</topic><topic>Seasonal variations</topic><topic>Spring (season)</topic><topic>Trends</topic><topic>Uncertainty</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Xoplaki, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Luterbacher, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Paeth, H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dietrich, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Steiner, N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grosjean, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wanner, H.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>Geophysical research letters</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Xoplaki, E.</au><au>Luterbacher, J.</au><au>Paeth, H.</au><au>Dietrich, D.</au><au>Steiner, N.</au><au>Grosjean, M.</au><au>Wanner, H.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>European spring and autumn temperature variability and change of extremes over the last half millennium</atitle><jtitle>Geophysical research letters</jtitle><addtitle>Geophys. Res. Lett</addtitle><date>2005-08</date><risdate>2005</risdate><volume>32</volume><issue>15</issue><spage>L15713.1</spage><epage>n/a</epage><pages>L15713.1-n/a</pages><issn>0094-8276</issn><eissn>1944-8007</eissn><coden>GPRLAJ</coden><abstract>We evaluate variability, trends, uncertainties, and change of extremes of reconstructed and observed European spring and autumn temperature back to 1500. Spring and autumn temperature experienced systematic century‐scale cooling compared to present conditions. The coldest springs appeared during the Maunder Minimum (ΔT = −1 K wrt 1901–2000). The amplitude of spring temperature variations at decadal and multidecadal scales doubles that of autumn and is most expressed in northeastern Europe. The decade 1995–2004 was very likely the warmest of the last half millennium. Anomalously warm springs and autumns have generally become more extreme in recent decades. However, the recent changes are statistically not significant with respect to the pre‐industrial period.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><doi>10.1029/2005GL023424</doi><tpages>4</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Wiley Free Content; Wiley-Blackwell AGU Digital Library; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals |
| subjects | Amplitudes Autumn Cooling systems Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space Exact sciences and technology Geophysics Seasonal variations Spring (season) Trends Uncertainty |
| title | European spring and autumn temperature variability and change of extremes over the last half millennium |
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