Comparative study: the effect of annealing conditions on the properties of P3HT:PCBM blends
This paper presents a detailed study on the role of various annealing treatments on organic poly(3-hexylthiophene) and [6]-phenyl-C 61 -butyric acid methyl ester blends under different experimental conditions. A combination of analytical tools is used to study the alteration of the phase separation,...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of materials science 2013-02, Vol.48 (4), p.1763-1778 |
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| creator | Motaung, David E. Malgas, Gerald F. Nkosi, Steven S. Mhlongo, Gugu H. Mwakikunga, Bonex W. Malwela, Thomas Arendse, Christopher J. Muller, Theophillus F. G. Cummings, Franscious R. |
| description | This paper presents a detailed study on the role of various annealing treatments on organic poly(3-hexylthiophene) and [6]-phenyl-C
61
-butyric acid methyl ester blends under different experimental conditions. A combination of analytical tools is used to study the alteration of the phase separation, structure and photovoltaic properties of the P3HT:PCBM blend during the annealing process. Results showed that the thermal annealing yields PCBM “needle-like” crystals and that prolonged heat treatment leads to extensive phase separation, as demonstrated by the growth in the size and quantity of PCBM crystals. The substrate annealing method demonstrated an optimal morphology by eradicating and suppressing the formation of fullerene clusters across the film, resulting in longer P3HT fibrils with smaller diameter. Improved optical constants, PL quenching and a decrease in the P3HT optical bad-gap were demonstrated for the substrate annealed films due to the limited diffusion of the PCBM molecules. An effective strategy for determining an optimized morphology through substrate annealing treatment is therefore revealed for improved device efficiency. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10853-012-6937-6 |
| format | Article |
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61
-butyric acid methyl ester blends under different experimental conditions. A combination of analytical tools is used to study the alteration of the phase separation, structure and photovoltaic properties of the P3HT:PCBM blend during the annealing process. Results showed that the thermal annealing yields PCBM “needle-like” crystals and that prolonged heat treatment leads to extensive phase separation, as demonstrated by the growth in the size and quantity of PCBM crystals. The substrate annealing method demonstrated an optimal morphology by eradicating and suppressing the formation of fullerene clusters across the film, resulting in longer P3HT fibrils with smaller diameter. Improved optical constants, PL quenching and a decrease in the P3HT optical bad-gap were demonstrated for the substrate annealed films due to the limited diffusion of the PCBM molecules. An effective strategy for determining an optimized morphology through substrate annealing treatment is therefore revealed for improved device efficiency.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-2461</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-4803</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10853-012-6937-6</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Boston: Springer US</publisher><subject>Annealing ; Blends ; Butyric acid ; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials ; Chemistry and Materials Science ; Classical Mechanics ; Comparative studies ; Constants ; Crystallography and Scattering Methods ; Crystals ; Devices ; Fullerenes ; Heat treatment ; Materials Science ; Morphology ; Phase separation ; Polymer blends ; Polymer Sciences ; Solid Mechanics ; Substrates</subject><ispartof>Journal of materials science, 2013-02, Vol.48 (4), p.1763-1778</ispartof><rights>Springer Science+Business Media New York 2012</rights><rights>Journal of Materials Science is a copyright of Springer, (2012). All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c392t-41626301a2d6cceccf0081980aae2cee32915691b1eb08c8b106ce7cfb3b30083</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c392t-41626301a2d6cceccf0081980aae2cee32915691b1eb08c8b106ce7cfb3b30083</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10853-012-6937-6$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10853-012-6937-6$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,778,782,27913,27914,41477,42546,51308</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Motaung, David E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Malgas, Gerald F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nkosi, Steven S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mhlongo, Gugu H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mwakikunga, Bonex W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Malwela, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arendse, Christopher J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Muller, Theophillus F. G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cummings, Franscious R.</creatorcontrib><title>Comparative study: the effect of annealing conditions on the properties of P3HT:PCBM blends</title><title>Journal of materials science</title><addtitle>J Mater Sci</addtitle><description>This paper presents a detailed study on the role of various annealing treatments on organic poly(3-hexylthiophene) and [6]-phenyl-C
61
-butyric acid methyl ester blends under different experimental conditions. A combination of analytical tools is used to study the alteration of the phase separation, structure and photovoltaic properties of the P3HT:PCBM blend during the annealing process. Results showed that the thermal annealing yields PCBM “needle-like” crystals and that prolonged heat treatment leads to extensive phase separation, as demonstrated by the growth in the size and quantity of PCBM crystals. The substrate annealing method demonstrated an optimal morphology by eradicating and suppressing the formation of fullerene clusters across the film, resulting in longer P3HT fibrils with smaller diameter. Improved optical constants, PL quenching and a decrease in the P3HT optical bad-gap were demonstrated for the substrate annealed films due to the limited diffusion of the PCBM molecules. An effective strategy for determining an optimized morphology through substrate annealing treatment is therefore revealed for improved device efficiency.</description><subject>Annealing</subject><subject>Blends</subject><subject>Butyric acid</subject><subject>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</subject><subject>Chemistry and Materials Science</subject><subject>Classical Mechanics</subject><subject>Comparative studies</subject><subject>Constants</subject><subject>Crystallography and Scattering Methods</subject><subject>Crystals</subject><subject>Devices</subject><subject>Fullerenes</subject><subject>Heat treatment</subject><subject>Materials Science</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>Phase separation</subject><subject>Polymer blends</subject><subject>Polymer Sciences</subject><subject>Solid Mechanics</subject><subject>Substrates</subject><issn>0022-2461</issn><issn>1573-4803</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNp10MFLwzAUBvAgCs7pH-Ct4MVL9b2kSdvddKgTFHeYJw8hzV5nR5fMpBP239s5QRA8vcvv-3h8jJ0jXCFAfh0RCilSQJ6qUuSpOmADlLlIswLEIRsAcJ7yTOExO4lxCQAy5zhgb2O_WptguuaTktht5ttR0r1TQnVNtkt8nRjnyLSNWyTWu3nTNd7FxLtvtQ5-TaFrKO7kVExmo-n49jmpWnLzeMqOatNGOvu5Q_Z6fzcbT9Knl4fH8c1TakXJuzRDxZUANHyurCVra4ACywKMIW6JBC9RqhIrpAoKW1QIylJu60pUoqdiyC73vf07HxuKnV410VLbGkd-EzWqHDOpIIOeXvyhS78Jrv9Ocy7LXAgpZa9wr2zwMQaq9To0KxO2GkHv5tb7uXU_t97NrVWf4ftM7K1bUPht_j_0BcyWgTQ</recordid><startdate>20130201</startdate><enddate>20130201</enddate><creator>Motaung, David E.</creator><creator>Malgas, Gerald F.</creator><creator>Nkosi, Steven S.</creator><creator>Mhlongo, Gugu H.</creator><creator>Mwakikunga, Bonex W.</creator><creator>Malwela, Thomas</creator><creator>Arendse, Christopher J.</creator><creator>Muller, Theophillus F. 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G. ; Cummings, Franscious R.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c392t-41626301a2d6cceccf0081980aae2cee32915691b1eb08c8b106ce7cfb3b30083</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Annealing</topic><topic>Blends</topic><topic>Butyric acid</topic><topic>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</topic><topic>Chemistry and Materials Science</topic><topic>Classical Mechanics</topic><topic>Comparative studies</topic><topic>Constants</topic><topic>Crystallography and Scattering Methods</topic><topic>Crystals</topic><topic>Devices</topic><topic>Fullerenes</topic><topic>Heat treatment</topic><topic>Materials Science</topic><topic>Morphology</topic><topic>Phase separation</topic><topic>Polymer blends</topic><topic>Polymer Sciences</topic><topic>Solid Mechanics</topic><topic>Substrates</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Motaung, David E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Malgas, Gerald F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nkosi, Steven S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mhlongo, Gugu H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mwakikunga, Bonex W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Malwela, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arendse, Christopher J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Muller, Theophillus F. G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cummings, Franscious R.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><jtitle>Journal of materials science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Motaung, David E.</au><au>Malgas, Gerald F.</au><au>Nkosi, Steven S.</au><au>Mhlongo, Gugu H.</au><au>Mwakikunga, Bonex W.</au><au>Malwela, Thomas</au><au>Arendse, Christopher J.</au><au>Muller, Theophillus F. G.</au><au>Cummings, Franscious R.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Comparative study: the effect of annealing conditions on the properties of P3HT:PCBM blends</atitle><jtitle>Journal of materials science</jtitle><stitle>J Mater Sci</stitle><date>2013-02-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>48</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1763</spage><epage>1778</epage><pages>1763-1778</pages><issn>0022-2461</issn><eissn>1573-4803</eissn><abstract>This paper presents a detailed study on the role of various annealing treatments on organic poly(3-hexylthiophene) and [6]-phenyl-C
61
-butyric acid methyl ester blends under different experimental conditions. A combination of analytical tools is used to study the alteration of the phase separation, structure and photovoltaic properties of the P3HT:PCBM blend during the annealing process. Results showed that the thermal annealing yields PCBM “needle-like” crystals and that prolonged heat treatment leads to extensive phase separation, as demonstrated by the growth in the size and quantity of PCBM crystals. The substrate annealing method demonstrated an optimal morphology by eradicating and suppressing the formation of fullerene clusters across the film, resulting in longer P3HT fibrils with smaller diameter. Improved optical constants, PL quenching and a decrease in the P3HT optical bad-gap were demonstrated for the substrate annealed films due to the limited diffusion of the PCBM molecules. An effective strategy for determining an optimized morphology through substrate annealing treatment is therefore revealed for improved device efficiency.</abstract><cop>Boston</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><doi>10.1007/s10853-012-6937-6</doi><tpages>16</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Annealing Blends Butyric acid Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Chemistry and Materials Science Classical Mechanics Comparative studies Constants Crystallography and Scattering Methods Crystals Devices Fullerenes Heat treatment Materials Science Morphology Phase separation Polymer blends Polymer Sciences Solid Mechanics Substrates |
| title | Comparative study: the effect of annealing conditions on the properties of P3HT:PCBM blends |
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