Summary of a 4-Year Fog Field Study in Northern Nanjing, Part 1: Fog Boundary Layer

Comprehensive fog field observations were conducted during the winters of 2006–2009 at the Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology to study the macro and micro-physical structures and the physical–chemical processes of dense fogs in the area. The observations included features of th...

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Veröffentlicht in:Pure and applied geophysics 2012-05, Vol.169 (5-6), p.809-819
Hauptverfasser: Liu, D. Y., Niu, S. J., Yang, J., Zhao, L. J., Lü, J. J., Lu, C. S.
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container_start_page 809
container_title Pure and applied geophysics
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creator Liu, D. Y.
Niu, S. J.
Yang, J.
Zhao, L. J.
Lü, J. J.
Lu, C. S.
description Comprehensive fog field observations were conducted during the winters of 2006–2009 at the Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology to study the macro and micro-physical structures and the physical–chemical processes of dense fogs in the area. The observations included features of the fog boundary layer, characteristics of fog water, the particle spectrum, the chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols, radiation and heat components, turbulence, meteorological elements (air temperature, pressure, wind speed, wind direction), and environmental monitoring. The fogs observed were divided into four types: radiation fog, advection–radiation fog, advection fog, and precipitation fog, according to the mechanisms and primary factors of the fog processes. Fog boundary-layer structures of different types and their corresponding characteristics were then studied. Fog boundary-layer features, temperature structures, wind fields, and fog maintenance are discussed. The results show that radiation fog had remarkable diurnal variation and formed mostly at sunset or midnight, and lifted after sunrise or at noon, and that advection–radiation fog and advection fog were of very long duration. Extremely dense fogs occurred only in radiation-related cases. Inversion in radiation fog was short-lived, disappearing 1 or 2 hours after sunrise or at noon, faster than that in advection–radiation fog. When wind direction reversed from easterly to westerly or from southerly to northerly, the fog became an extremely dense fog. Low-level jet at times impeded fog development, whereas at other times it encouraged fog continuance. The deep inversion was merely an essential condition for a thick fog layer; sufficient vapor supply was advantageous to the formation and maintenance of a deep fog layer.
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Fog boundary-layer structures of different types and their corresponding characteristics were then studied. Fog boundary-layer features, temperature structures, wind fields, and fog maintenance are discussed. The results show that radiation fog had remarkable diurnal variation and formed mostly at sunset or midnight, and lifted after sunrise or at noon, and that advection–radiation fog and advection fog were of very long duration. Extremely dense fogs occurred only in radiation-related cases. Inversion in radiation fog was short-lived, disappearing 1 or 2 hours after sunrise or at noon, faster than that in advection–radiation fog. When wind direction reversed from easterly to westerly or from southerly to northerly, the fog became an extremely dense fog. Low-level jet at times impeded fog development, whereas at other times it encouraged fog continuance. 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Y.</au><au>Niu, S. J.</au><au>Yang, J.</au><au>Zhao, L. J.</au><au>Lü, J. J.</au><au>Lu, C. S.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Summary of a 4-Year Fog Field Study in Northern Nanjing, Part 1: Fog Boundary Layer</atitle><jtitle>Pure and applied geophysics</jtitle><stitle>Pure Appl. Geophys</stitle><date>2012-05-01</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>169</volume><issue>5-6</issue><spage>809</spage><epage>819</epage><pages>809-819</pages><issn>0033-4553</issn><eissn>1420-9136</eissn><coden>PAGYAV</coden><abstract>Comprehensive fog field observations were conducted during the winters of 2006–2009 at the Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology to study the macro and micro-physical structures and the physical–chemical processes of dense fogs in the area. The observations included features of the fog boundary layer, characteristics of fog water, the particle spectrum, the chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols, radiation and heat components, turbulence, meteorological elements (air temperature, pressure, wind speed, wind direction), and environmental monitoring. The fogs observed were divided into four types: radiation fog, advection–radiation fog, advection fog, and precipitation fog, according to the mechanisms and primary factors of the fog processes. Fog boundary-layer structures of different types and their corresponding characteristics were then studied. Fog boundary-layer features, temperature structures, wind fields, and fog maintenance are discussed. The results show that radiation fog had remarkable diurnal variation and formed mostly at sunset or midnight, and lifted after sunrise or at noon, and that advection–radiation fog and advection fog were of very long duration. Extremely dense fogs occurred only in radiation-related cases. Inversion in radiation fog was short-lived, disappearing 1 or 2 hours after sunrise or at noon, faster than that in advection–radiation fog. When wind direction reversed from easterly to westerly or from southerly to northerly, the fog became an extremely dense fog. Low-level jet at times impeded fog development, whereas at other times it encouraged fog continuance. The deep inversion was merely an essential condition for a thick fog layer; sufficient vapor supply was advantageous to the formation and maintenance of a deep fog layer.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>SP Birkhäuser Verlag Basel</pub><doi>10.1007/s00024-011-0343-x</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record>
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subjects Advection
Air temperature
Applied geophysics
Boundaries
Boundary layer
Boundary layers
Diurnal variations
Earth and Environmental Science
Earth Sciences
Earth, ocean, space
Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics
Environmental monitoring
Exact sciences and technology
Field study
Fog
Geophysics/Geodesy
Humidity
Internal geophysics
Inversions
Maintenance
Natural hazards: prediction, damages, etc
Noon
Wind direction
Wind speed
title Summary of a 4-Year Fog Field Study in Northern Nanjing, Part 1: Fog Boundary Layer
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