A global bolted joint model for finite element analysis of load distributions in multi-bolt composite joints

This paper presents the development and validation of a global bolted joint model (GBJM), a highly efficient modelling strategy for bolted composite joints. Shell elements are used to model the composite laminates and the bolt is represented by a combination of beam elements coupled to rigid contact surfaces. The GBJM can capture effects such as bolt–hole clearance, bolt-torque, friction between laminates, secondary and tertiary bending in the laminates as well as the load distribution in multi-bolt joints. The GBJM is validated using both three-dimensional finite element models and experiments on both single- and multi-bolt joints. The GBJM was found to be robust, accurate and highly efficient, with time savings of up to 97% realised over full three-dimensional finite element models.