The effect of temperature on the effects of the phospholipase A2 neurotoxins β-bungarotoxin and taipoxin at the neuromuscular junction
Snake venom neurotoxins with phospholipase A2 affect the neuromuscular junction with three distinct phases. There is a transient decrease in twitch height, followed by a facilitatory phase and finally a progressive blockade. It has been suggested that the initial phase is a direct consequence of the...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Toxicon (Oxford) 2013-08, Vol.70, p.86-89 |
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| description | Snake venom neurotoxins with phospholipase A2 affect the neuromuscular junction with three distinct phases. There is a transient decrease in twitch height, followed by a facilitatory phase and finally a progressive blockade. It has been suggested that the initial phase is a direct consequence of the binding of the toxins to nerve terminals. This study was designed to determine whether the initial phase is present under conditions that would reduce the enzyme activity of the toxins. At 27 °C, β-bungarotoxin and taipoxin exhibited all three phases, i.e. 5–6 min after exposure to the preparation, twitch height was significantly reduced (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.04.016 |
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There is a transient decrease in twitch height, followed by a facilitatory phase and finally a progressive blockade. It has been suggested that the initial phase is a direct consequence of the binding of the toxins to nerve terminals. This study was designed to determine whether the initial phase is present under conditions that would reduce the enzyme activity of the toxins. At 27 °C, β-bungarotoxin and taipoxin exhibited all three phases, i.e. 5–6 min after exposure to the preparation, twitch height was significantly reduced (P < 0.5) to 50 ± 4% and 64 ± 9% of control respectively. This was followed by facilitation and subsequent blockade. However, at 20 °C, neither toxin exhibited the first phase while the second phase, although reduced, clearly occurred and the blocking activity of these toxins always appeared. The data clearly demonstrate that the initial fall is temperature dependent as reducing the temperature from 27 °C to 20 °C blocks the first phase. As the second phase still occurs the toxins must have bound to their target. Therefore, the first phase cannot simply be a toxin binding step.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0041-0101</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-3150</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.04.016</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23648422</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Animals ; Binding ; Blocking ; Bungarotoxins - toxicity ; Elapid Venoms - toxicity ; enzyme activity ; Exposure ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Neuromuscular junction ; Neuromuscular Junction - drug effects ; Neuromuscular Junction - metabolism ; neurotoxins ; Neurotoxins - toxicity ; Phases ; Phospholipase ; phospholipase A2 ; Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors - toxicity ; Phospholipase A2 neurotoxins ; Snakes ; Taipoxin ; Temperature ; Terminals ; Three phase ; Toxins ; venoms ; β-Bungarotoxin</subject><ispartof>Toxicon (Oxford), 2013-08, Vol.70, p.86-89</ispartof><rights>2013 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c370t-6417363148797e7c62963c1b783354ce086f60e7050dee79e7ce1c65f7907ab73</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c370t-6417363148797e7c62963c1b783354ce086f60e7050dee79e7ce1c65f7907ab73</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.04.016$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23648422$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Fathi, Behrooz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harvey, Alan L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rowan, Edward G.</creatorcontrib><title>The effect of temperature on the effects of the phospholipase A2 neurotoxins β-bungarotoxin and taipoxin at the neuromuscular junction</title><title>Toxicon (Oxford)</title><addtitle>Toxicon</addtitle><description>Snake venom neurotoxins with phospholipase A2 affect the neuromuscular junction with three distinct phases. There is a transient decrease in twitch height, followed by a facilitatory phase and finally a progressive blockade. It has been suggested that the initial phase is a direct consequence of the binding of the toxins to nerve terminals. This study was designed to determine whether the initial phase is present under conditions that would reduce the enzyme activity of the toxins. At 27 °C, β-bungarotoxin and taipoxin exhibited all three phases, i.e. 5–6 min after exposure to the preparation, twitch height was significantly reduced (P < 0.5) to 50 ± 4% and 64 ± 9% of control respectively. This was followed by facilitation and subsequent blockade. However, at 20 °C, neither toxin exhibited the first phase while the second phase, although reduced, clearly occurred and the blocking activity of these toxins always appeared. The data clearly demonstrate that the initial fall is temperature dependent as reducing the temperature from 27 °C to 20 °C blocks the first phase. As the second phase still occurs the toxins must have bound to their target. Therefore, the first phase cannot simply be a toxin binding step.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Binding</subject><subject>Blocking</subject><subject>Bungarotoxins - toxicity</subject><subject>Elapid Venoms - toxicity</subject><subject>enzyme activity</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Mice, Inbred BALB C</subject><subject>Neuromuscular junction</subject><subject>Neuromuscular Junction - drug effects</subject><subject>Neuromuscular Junction - metabolism</subject><subject>neurotoxins</subject><subject>Neurotoxins - toxicity</subject><subject>Phases</subject><subject>Phospholipase</subject><subject>phospholipase A2</subject><subject>Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors - toxicity</subject><subject>Phospholipase A2 neurotoxins</subject><subject>Snakes</subject><subject>Taipoxin</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><subject>Terminals</subject><subject>Three phase</subject><subject>Toxins</subject><subject>venoms</subject><subject>β-Bungarotoxin</subject><issn>0041-0101</issn><issn>1879-3150</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkc9u1DAQxi0EokvhEQAfuSSMY8dOTqiq-CdV4kB7trzOpPUqawfbqeAJeB8ehGfCu1l6hYNlzcxvvhn7I-Qlg5oBk293dQ7fnQ2-boDxGkRdso_IhnWqrzhr4THZAAhWQcHPyLOUdgDAu14-JWcNl6ITTbMhP6_vkOI4os00jDTjfsZo8hKRBk_zQzEdqyWc70IqZ3KzSUgvGupxieGwi0_0969qu_hbc0pQ4weajZvXIB8Fjvx-SXaZTKS7xdvsgn9OnoxmSvjidJ-Tmw_vry8_VVdfPn6-vLiqLFeQKymY4pIzUV6pUFnZ9JJbtlUd562wCJ0cJaCCFgZE1RcEmZXtqHpQZqv4OXmz6s4xfFswZb13yeI0GY9hSZpJ2Xei4w38DypYL3poC9quqI0hpYijnqPbm_hDM9AHu_ROn-zSB7s0CF2ype_VacSy3ePw0PXXnwK8XoHRBG1uo0v65mtRaKG096oRhXi3Elh-7d5h1Mk69BYHF4tvegjuH0v8Adi8tF0</recordid><startdate>201308</startdate><enddate>201308</enddate><creator>Fathi, Behrooz</creator><creator>Harvey, Alan L.</creator><creator>Rowan, Edward G.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>KR7</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201308</creationdate><title>The effect of temperature on the effects of the phospholipase A2 neurotoxins β-bungarotoxin and taipoxin at the neuromuscular junction</title><author>Fathi, Behrooz ; Harvey, Alan L. ; Rowan, Edward G.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c370t-6417363148797e7c62963c1b783354ce086f60e7050dee79e7ce1c65f7907ab73</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Binding</topic><topic>Blocking</topic><topic>Bungarotoxins - toxicity</topic><topic>Elapid Venoms - toxicity</topic><topic>enzyme activity</topic><topic>Exposure</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Mice, Inbred BALB C</topic><topic>Neuromuscular junction</topic><topic>Neuromuscular Junction - drug effects</topic><topic>Neuromuscular Junction - metabolism</topic><topic>neurotoxins</topic><topic>Neurotoxins - toxicity</topic><topic>Phases</topic><topic>Phospholipase</topic><topic>phospholipase A2</topic><topic>Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors - toxicity</topic><topic>Phospholipase A2 neurotoxins</topic><topic>Snakes</topic><topic>Taipoxin</topic><topic>Temperature</topic><topic>Terminals</topic><topic>Three phase</topic><topic>Toxins</topic><topic>venoms</topic><topic>β-Bungarotoxin</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Fathi, Behrooz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harvey, Alan L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rowan, Edward G.</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Toxicon (Oxford)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Fathi, Behrooz</au><au>Harvey, Alan L.</au><au>Rowan, Edward G.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The effect of temperature on the effects of the phospholipase A2 neurotoxins β-bungarotoxin and taipoxin at the neuromuscular junction</atitle><jtitle>Toxicon (Oxford)</jtitle><addtitle>Toxicon</addtitle><date>2013-08</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>70</volume><spage>86</spage><epage>89</epage><pages>86-89</pages><issn>0041-0101</issn><eissn>1879-3150</eissn><abstract>Snake venom neurotoxins with phospholipase A2 affect the neuromuscular junction with three distinct phases. There is a transient decrease in twitch height, followed by a facilitatory phase and finally a progressive blockade. It has been suggested that the initial phase is a direct consequence of the binding of the toxins to nerve terminals. This study was designed to determine whether the initial phase is present under conditions that would reduce the enzyme activity of the toxins. At 27 °C, β-bungarotoxin and taipoxin exhibited all three phases, i.e. 5–6 min after exposure to the preparation, twitch height was significantly reduced (P < 0.5) to 50 ± 4% and 64 ± 9% of control respectively. This was followed by facilitation and subsequent blockade. However, at 20 °C, neither toxin exhibited the first phase while the second phase, although reduced, clearly occurred and the blocking activity of these toxins always appeared. The data clearly demonstrate that the initial fall is temperature dependent as reducing the temperature from 27 °C to 20 °C blocks the first phase. As the second phase still occurs the toxins must have bound to their target. Therefore, the first phase cannot simply be a toxin binding step.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>23648422</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.04.016</doi><tpages>4</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animals Binding Blocking Bungarotoxins - toxicity Elapid Venoms - toxicity enzyme activity Exposure Male Mice Mice, Inbred BALB C Neuromuscular junction Neuromuscular Junction - drug effects Neuromuscular Junction - metabolism neurotoxins Neurotoxins - toxicity Phases Phospholipase phospholipase A2 Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors - toxicity Phospholipase A2 neurotoxins Snakes Taipoxin Temperature Terminals Three phase Toxins venoms β-Bungarotoxin |
| title | The effect of temperature on the effects of the phospholipase A2 neurotoxins β-bungarotoxin and taipoxin at the neuromuscular junction |
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