Functional and Structural Recovery of the Injured Spinal Cord in Rats Treated with Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
Several studies have shown that gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) have extra-pituitary roles, including neurotrophic effects. This study was to evaluate the effects of GnRH treatment on the spinal cord injury (SCI) of rats. Ovariectomized rats were divided into: sham SCI surgery (Sham), SCI trea...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Neurochemical research 2015-03, Vol.40 (3), p.455-462 |
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| creator | Calderón-Vallejo, Denisse Quintanar-Stephano, Andrés Hernández-Jasso, Irma Jiménez-Hernández, Violeta Ruiz-Ornelas, Jannet Jiménez, Ismael Quintanar, J. Luis |
| description | Several studies have shown that gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) have extra-pituitary roles, including neurotrophic effects. This study was to evaluate the effects of GnRH treatment on the spinal cord injury (SCI) of rats. Ovariectomized rats were divided into: sham SCI surgery (Sham), SCI treated with saline solution (SCI + SS), and SCI treated with GnRH (SCI + GnRH). The SCI was induced by compression. One day after the lesion, SCI + GnRH group was injected with GnRH (60 µg/kg/twice/day; i.m.) for 15 days and the other groups with saline solution. To kinematic gait analysis, length and velocity of the stride were measured. In spinal cord, axonal morphometry and spared white and gray matter were analyzed by histochemistry. Protein expression of spinophilin was evaluated by western blot. The results showed that, 5 weeks after the injury, the group of animals treated with GnRH, significantly increased the length and velocity of the stride compared to SCI + SS group and they were similar to Sham group. In spinal cord, GnRH treatment increased the number and caliber of nerve axons and in the case of white matter, spared tissue was significantly higher than those animals treated with saline solution. The expression of spinophilin in spinal cord of SCI + GnRH group was slightly increased with respect to those not treated. In conclusion, GnRH treatment improves recovery of gait and decreases histopathological damage in the injured spinal cord of rat. These findings suggest that GnRH acts as a neurotrophic factor and can be used as a potential therapeutic agent for treatment of SCI. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11064-014-1486-9 |
| format | Article |
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Luis</creator><creatorcontrib>Calderón-Vallejo, Denisse ; Quintanar-Stephano, Andrés ; Hernández-Jasso, Irma ; Jiménez-Hernández, Violeta ; Ruiz-Ornelas, Jannet ; Jiménez, Ismael ; Quintanar, J. Luis</creatorcontrib><description>Several studies have shown that gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) have extra-pituitary roles, including neurotrophic effects. This study was to evaluate the effects of GnRH treatment on the spinal cord injury (SCI) of rats. Ovariectomized rats were divided into: sham SCI surgery (Sham), SCI treated with saline solution (SCI + SS), and SCI treated with GnRH (SCI + GnRH). The SCI was induced by compression. One day after the lesion, SCI + GnRH group was injected with GnRH (60 µg/kg/twice/day; i.m.) for 15 days and the other groups with saline solution. To kinematic gait analysis, length and velocity of the stride were measured. In spinal cord, axonal morphometry and spared white and gray matter were analyzed by histochemistry. Protein expression of spinophilin was evaluated by western blot. The results showed that, 5 weeks after the injury, the group of animals treated with GnRH, significantly increased the length and velocity of the stride compared to SCI + SS group and they were similar to Sham group. In spinal cord, GnRH treatment increased the number and caliber of nerve axons and in the case of white matter, spared tissue was significantly higher than those animals treated with saline solution. The expression of spinophilin in spinal cord of SCI + GnRH group was slightly increased with respect to those not treated. In conclusion, GnRH treatment improves recovery of gait and decreases histopathological damage in the injured spinal cord of rat. These findings suggest that GnRH acts as a neurotrophic factor and can be used as a potential therapeutic agent for treatment of SCI.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0364-3190</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-6903</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1486-9</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25618391</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Boston: Springer US</publisher><subject>Animals ; Biochemistry ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biomedicine ; Cell Biology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone - pharmacology ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone - therapeutic use ; Neurochemistry ; Neurology ; Neurosciences ; Original Paper ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Recovery of Function - drug effects ; Spinal Cord Injuries - drug therapy ; Spinal Cord Injuries - pathology ; Spinal Cord Injuries - physiopathology ; Treatment Outcome</subject><ispartof>Neurochemical research, 2015-03, Vol.40 (3), p.455-462</ispartof><rights>Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c475t-52ae927fa35a24bd5827d5a97505c9731499581a91b78ba02b094dd21fb37d7a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c475t-52ae927fa35a24bd5827d5a97505c9731499581a91b78ba02b094dd21fb37d7a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11064-014-1486-9$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11064-014-1486-9$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25618391$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Calderón-Vallejo, Denisse</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Quintanar-Stephano, Andrés</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hernández-Jasso, Irma</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiménez-Hernández, Violeta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ruiz-Ornelas, Jannet</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiménez, Ismael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Quintanar, J. Luis</creatorcontrib><title>Functional and Structural Recovery of the Injured Spinal Cord in Rats Treated with Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone</title><title>Neurochemical research</title><addtitle>Neurochem Res</addtitle><addtitle>Neurochem Res</addtitle><description>Several studies have shown that gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) have extra-pituitary roles, including neurotrophic effects. This study was to evaluate the effects of GnRH treatment on the spinal cord injury (SCI) of rats. Ovariectomized rats were divided into: sham SCI surgery (Sham), SCI treated with saline solution (SCI + SS), and SCI treated with GnRH (SCI + GnRH). The SCI was induced by compression. One day after the lesion, SCI + GnRH group was injected with GnRH (60 µg/kg/twice/day; i.m.) for 15 days and the other groups with saline solution. To kinematic gait analysis, length and velocity of the stride were measured. In spinal cord, axonal morphometry and spared white and gray matter were analyzed by histochemistry. Protein expression of spinophilin was evaluated by western blot. The results showed that, 5 weeks after the injury, the group of animals treated with GnRH, significantly increased the length and velocity of the stride compared to SCI + SS group and they were similar to Sham group. In spinal cord, GnRH treatment increased the number and caliber of nerve axons and in the case of white matter, spared tissue was significantly higher than those animals treated with saline solution. The expression of spinophilin in spinal cord of SCI + GnRH group was slightly increased with respect to those not treated. In conclusion, GnRH treatment improves recovery of gait and decreases histopathological damage in the injured spinal cord of rat. These findings suggest that GnRH acts as a neurotrophic factor and can be used as a potential therapeutic agent for treatment of SCI.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomedicine</subject><subject>Cell Biology</subject><subject>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone - pharmacology</subject><subject>Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Neurochemistry</subject><subject>Neurology</subject><subject>Neurosciences</subject><subject>Original Paper</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</subject><subject>Recovery of Function - drug effects</subject><subject>Spinal Cord Injuries - drug therapy</subject><subject>Spinal Cord Injuries - pathology</subject><subject>Spinal Cord Injuries - physiopathology</subject><subject>Treatment Outcome</subject><issn>0364-3190</issn><issn>1573-6903</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkV1rFDEUhoModq3-AG8k4I03U8_Jx2RyKYv9gIKw1uuQmWTaWWaTbZJR-u_NulWKIHgVwnne58B5CXmLcIYA6mNGhFY0gKJB0bWNfkZWKBVvWg38OVkBr1OOGk7Iq5y3ADXF8CU5YbLFjmtckfvzJQxlisHO1AZHv5a0DGVJ9bvxQ_zu0wONIy13nl6F7ZJ8RfbTgV7H5OgU6MaWTG-St6XOfkzljl5Um4slxQo2Gz97m6dwSy9j2sXgX5MXo52zf_P4npJv559v1pfN9ZeLq_Wn62YQSpZGMus1U6Pl0jLRO9kx5aTVSoIctOIotJYdWo296noLrActnGM49lw5Zfkp-XD07lO8X3wuZjflwc-zDT4u2WDbdkzUFfA_KHKmGBMVff8Xuo1Lqvf4RUEL1XkQ4pEaUsw5-dHs07Sz6cEgmEN15lidqdWZQ3VG18y7R_PS77z7k_jdVQXYEch1FG59erL6n9afacKiwA</recordid><startdate>20150301</startdate><enddate>20150301</enddate><creator>Calderón-Vallejo, Denisse</creator><creator>Quintanar-Stephano, Andrés</creator><creator>Hernández-Jasso, Irma</creator><creator>Jiménez-Hernández, Violeta</creator><creator>Ruiz-Ornelas, Jannet</creator><creator>Jiménez, Ismael</creator><creator>Quintanar, J. 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Luis</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Functional and Structural Recovery of the Injured Spinal Cord in Rats Treated with Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone</atitle><jtitle>Neurochemical research</jtitle><stitle>Neurochem Res</stitle><addtitle>Neurochem Res</addtitle><date>2015-03-01</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>40</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>455</spage><epage>462</epage><pages>455-462</pages><issn>0364-3190</issn><eissn>1573-6903</eissn><abstract>Several studies have shown that gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) have extra-pituitary roles, including neurotrophic effects. This study was to evaluate the effects of GnRH treatment on the spinal cord injury (SCI) of rats. Ovariectomized rats were divided into: sham SCI surgery (Sham), SCI treated with saline solution (SCI + SS), and SCI treated with GnRH (SCI + GnRH). The SCI was induced by compression. One day after the lesion, SCI + GnRH group was injected with GnRH (60 µg/kg/twice/day; i.m.) for 15 days and the other groups with saline solution. To kinematic gait analysis, length and velocity of the stride were measured. In spinal cord, axonal morphometry and spared white and gray matter were analyzed by histochemistry. Protein expression of spinophilin was evaluated by western blot. The results showed that, 5 weeks after the injury, the group of animals treated with GnRH, significantly increased the length and velocity of the stride compared to SCI + SS group and they were similar to Sham group. In spinal cord, GnRH treatment increased the number and caliber of nerve axons and in the case of white matter, spared tissue was significantly higher than those animals treated with saline solution. The expression of spinophilin in spinal cord of SCI + GnRH group was slightly increased with respect to those not treated. In conclusion, GnRH treatment improves recovery of gait and decreases histopathological damage in the injured spinal cord of rat. These findings suggest that GnRH acts as a neurotrophic factor and can be used as a potential therapeutic agent for treatment of SCI.</abstract><cop>Boston</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><pmid>25618391</pmid><doi>10.1007/s11064-014-1486-9</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animals Biochemistry Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Cell Biology Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Female Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone - pharmacology Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone - therapeutic use Neurochemistry Neurology Neurosciences Original Paper Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley Recovery of Function - drug effects Spinal Cord Injuries - drug therapy Spinal Cord Injuries - pathology Spinal Cord Injuries - physiopathology Treatment Outcome |
| title | Functional and Structural Recovery of the Injured Spinal Cord in Rats Treated with Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone |
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