Trace element biogeochemistry in the soil-water-plant system of a temperate agricultural soil amended with different biochars
Various biochar (BC) types have been investigated as soil amendment; however, information on their effects on trace element (TE) biogeochemistry in the soil-water-plant system is still scarce. In the present study, we determined aqua-regia (AR) and water-extractable TEs of four BC types (woodchips (...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental science and pollution research international 2015-03, Vol.22 (6), p.4513-4526 |
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| creator | Kloss, Stefanie Zehetner, Franz Buecker, Jannis Oburger, Eva Wenzel, Walter W. Enders, Akio Lehmann, Johannes Soja, Gerhard |
| description | Various biochar (BC) types have been investigated as soil amendment; however, information on their effects on trace element (TE) biogeochemistry in the soil-water-plant system is still scarce. In the present study, we determined aqua-regia (AR) and water-extractable TEs of four BC types (woodchips (WC), wheat straw (WS), vineyard pruning (VP), pyrolyzed at 525 °C, of which VP was also pyrolyzed at 400 °C) and studied their effects on TE concentrations in leachates and mustard (
Sinapis alba
L.) tissue in a greenhouse pot experiment. We used an acidic, sandy agricultural soil and a BC application rate of 3 % (
w
/
w
). Our results show that contents and extractability of TEs in the BCs and effectuated changes of TE biogeochemistry in the soil-water-plant system strongly varied among the different BC types. High AR-digestable Cu was found in VP and high B contents in WC. WS had the highest impact on TEs in leachates showing increased concentrations of As, Cd, Mo, and Se, whereas WC application resulted in enhanced leaching of B. All BC types increased Mo and decreased Cu concentrations in the plant tissue; however, they showed diverging effects on Cu in the leachates with decreased concentrations for WC and WS, but increased concentrations for both VPs. Our results demonstrate that BCs may release TEs into the soil-water-plant system. A BC-induced liming effect in acidic soils may lead to decreased plant uptake of cationic TEs, including Pb and Cd, but may enhance the mobility of anionic TEs like Mo and As. We also found that BCs with high salt contents (e.g., straw-based BCs) may lead to increased mobility of both anionic and cationic TEs in the short term. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11356-014-3685-y |
| format | Article |
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Sinapis alba
L.) tissue in a greenhouse pot experiment. We used an acidic, sandy agricultural soil and a BC application rate of 3 % (
w
/
w
). Our results show that contents and extractability of TEs in the BCs and effectuated changes of TE biogeochemistry in the soil-water-plant system strongly varied among the different BC types. High AR-digestable Cu was found in VP and high B contents in WC. WS had the highest impact on TEs in leachates showing increased concentrations of As, Cd, Mo, and Se, whereas WC application resulted in enhanced leaching of B. All BC types increased Mo and decreased Cu concentrations in the plant tissue; however, they showed diverging effects on Cu in the leachates with decreased concentrations for WC and WS, but increased concentrations for both VPs. Our results demonstrate that BCs may release TEs into the soil-water-plant system. A BC-induced liming effect in acidic soils may lead to decreased plant uptake of cationic TEs, including Pb and Cd, but may enhance the mobility of anionic TEs like Mo and As. We also found that BCs with high salt contents (e.g., straw-based BCs) may lead to increased mobility of both anionic and cationic TEs in the short term.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0944-1344</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1614-7499</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3685-y</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25315931</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Acidic soils ; Adsorption ; Agricultural land ; Agriculture ; Analysis of Variance ; Aquatic Pollution ; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; Binding sites ; Bioavailability ; Biofilms ; Biogeochemistry ; Cadmium ; Charcoal ; Charcoal - chemistry ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Ecotoxicology ; Electric Conductivity ; Environment ; Environmental Chemistry ; Environmental Health ; Environmental Pollutants - analysis ; Environmental Restoration and Remediation - methods ; Farm buildings ; Freshwater environments ; Hot Temperature ; Hydrochloric Acid ; Leachates ; Leaching ; Lead ; Life sciences ; Mass Spectrometry ; Metals, Heavy - analysis ; Mobility ; Moisture content ; Mustard Plant - chemistry ; Natural resources ; Nitric Acid ; Pesticide toxicity ; Pesticides ; Plant extracts ; Plant tissues ; Raw materials ; Research Article ; Sandy soils ; Sinapis alba ; Soil - chemistry ; Soil amendment ; Soil sciences ; Soil water ; Straw ; Toxicity ; Trace elements ; Triticum - chemistry ; Triticum aestivum ; Vitis - chemistry ; Waste Water Technology ; Water ; Water Management ; Water Pollution Control ; Wheat straw ; Wineries & vineyards ; Wood - chemistry</subject><ispartof>Environmental science and pollution research international, 2015-03, Vol.22 (6), p.4513-4526</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014</rights><rights>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c446t-4fa6d35a98237b6b19b1c549f2672ef56425709a46a16bd1697f6455af1742213</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c446t-4fa6d35a98237b6b19b1c549f2672ef56425709a46a16bd1697f6455af1742213</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11356-014-3685-y$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11356-014-3685-y$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25315931$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kloss, Stefanie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zehetner, Franz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Buecker, Jannis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oburger, Eva</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wenzel, Walter W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Enders, Akio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lehmann, Johannes</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Soja, Gerhard</creatorcontrib><title>Trace element biogeochemistry in the soil-water-plant system of a temperate agricultural soil amended with different biochars</title><title>Environmental science and pollution research international</title><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</addtitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><description>Various biochar (BC) types have been investigated as soil amendment; however, information on their effects on trace element (TE) biogeochemistry in the soil-water-plant system is still scarce. In the present study, we determined aqua-regia (AR) and water-extractable TEs of four BC types (woodchips (WC), wheat straw (WS), vineyard pruning (VP), pyrolyzed at 525 °C, of which VP was also pyrolyzed at 400 °C) and studied their effects on TE concentrations in leachates and mustard (
Sinapis alba
L.) tissue in a greenhouse pot experiment. We used an acidic, sandy agricultural soil and a BC application rate of 3 % (
w
/
w
). Our results show that contents and extractability of TEs in the BCs and effectuated changes of TE biogeochemistry in the soil-water-plant system strongly varied among the different BC types. High AR-digestable Cu was found in VP and high B contents in WC. WS had the highest impact on TEs in leachates showing increased concentrations of As, Cd, Mo, and Se, whereas WC application resulted in enhanced leaching of B. All BC types increased Mo and decreased Cu concentrations in the plant tissue; however, they showed diverging effects on Cu in the leachates with decreased concentrations for WC and WS, but increased concentrations for both VPs. Our results demonstrate that BCs may release TEs into the soil-water-plant system. A BC-induced liming effect in acidic soils may lead to decreased plant uptake of cationic TEs, including Pb and Cd, but may enhance the mobility of anionic TEs like Mo and As. We also found that BCs with high salt contents (e.g., straw-based BCs) may lead to increased mobility of both anionic and cationic TEs in the short term.</description><subject>Acidic soils</subject><subject>Adsorption</subject><subject>Agricultural land</subject><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>Analysis of Variance</subject><subject>Aquatic Pollution</subject><subject>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</subject><subject>Binding sites</subject><subject>Bioavailability</subject><subject>Biofilms</subject><subject>Biogeochemistry</subject><subject>Cadmium</subject><subject>Charcoal</subject><subject>Charcoal - chemistry</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology</subject><subject>Electric Conductivity</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Chemistry</subject><subject>Environmental Health</subject><subject>Environmental Pollutants - analysis</subject><subject>Environmental Restoration and Remediation - methods</subject><subject>Farm buildings</subject><subject>Freshwater environments</subject><subject>Hot Temperature</subject><subject>Hydrochloric Acid</subject><subject>Leachates</subject><subject>Leaching</subject><subject>Lead</subject><subject>Life sciences</subject><subject>Mass Spectrometry</subject><subject>Metals, Heavy - analysis</subject><subject>Mobility</subject><subject>Moisture content</subject><subject>Mustard Plant - chemistry</subject><subject>Natural resources</subject><subject>Nitric Acid</subject><subject>Pesticide toxicity</subject><subject>Pesticides</subject><subject>Plant extracts</subject><subject>Plant tissues</subject><subject>Raw materials</subject><subject>Research Article</subject><subject>Sandy soils</subject><subject>Sinapis alba</subject><subject>Soil - chemistry</subject><subject>Soil amendment</subject><subject>Soil sciences</subject><subject>Soil water</subject><subject>Straw</subject><subject>Toxicity</subject><subject>Trace elements</subject><subject>Triticum - chemistry</subject><subject>Triticum aestivum</subject><subject>Vitis - chemistry</subject><subject>Waste Water Technology</subject><subject>Water</subject><subject>Water Management</subject><subject>Water Pollution Control</subject><subject>Wheat straw</subject><subject>Wineries & vineyards</subject><subject>Wood - chemistry</subject><issn>0944-1344</issn><issn>1614-7499</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kU2LFDEQhoO4uOOuP8CLBLx4iaby2TnK4hcseNk9h3R3ZaaX7ukxSbP0wf9uZmcUETylQj3vW1W8hLwG_h44tx8ygNSGcVBMmkaz9RnZgKk_q5x7TjbcKcVAKnVJXub8wLngTtgX5FJoCdpJ2JCfdyl0SHHECfeFtsO8xbnb4TTkklY67GnZIc3zMLLHUDCxwxgql9dccKJzpIHW4oCpNmnYpqFbxrKkMD5paKiuPfb0cSg72g8xYjqP6XYh5WtyEcOY8dX5vSL3nz_d3Xxlt9-_fLv5eMs6pUxhKgbTSx1cI6RtTQuuhU4rF4WxAqM2SmjLXVAmgGl7MM5Go7QOEawSAuQVeXfyPaT5x4K5-Hpfh2O9BeclezCmEaqyR_TtP-jDvKR93c6DbRrDpdOqUnCiujTnnDD6QxqmkFYP3B-z8adsfM3GH7Pxa9W8OTsv7YT9H8XvMCogTkCurf0W01-j_-v6C9xNmvc</recordid><startdate>20150301</startdate><enddate>20150301</enddate><creator>Kloss, Stefanie</creator><creator>Zehetner, Franz</creator><creator>Buecker, Jannis</creator><creator>Oburger, Eva</creator><creator>Wenzel, Walter W.</creator><creator>Enders, Akio</creator><creator>Lehmann, Johannes</creator><creator>Soja, Gerhard</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7WY</scope><scope>7WZ</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>87Z</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8FL</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BEZIV</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FRNLG</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>F~G</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K60</scope><scope>K6~</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>L.-</scope><scope>M0C</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PQBIZ</scope><scope>PQBZA</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>SOI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150301</creationdate><title>Trace element biogeochemistry in the soil-water-plant system of a temperate agricultural soil amended with different biochars</title><author>Kloss, Stefanie ; Zehetner, Franz ; Buecker, Jannis ; Oburger, Eva ; Wenzel, Walter W. ; Enders, Akio ; Lehmann, Johannes ; Soja, Gerhard</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c446t-4fa6d35a98237b6b19b1c549f2672ef56425709a46a16bd1697f6455af1742213</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Acidic soils</topic><topic>Adsorption</topic><topic>Agricultural land</topic><topic>Agriculture</topic><topic>Analysis of Variance</topic><topic>Aquatic Pollution</topic><topic>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</topic><topic>Binding sites</topic><topic>Bioavailability</topic><topic>Biofilms</topic><topic>Biogeochemistry</topic><topic>Cadmium</topic><topic>Charcoal</topic><topic>Charcoal - chemistry</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Ecotoxicology</topic><topic>Electric Conductivity</topic><topic>Environment</topic><topic>Environmental Chemistry</topic><topic>Environmental Health</topic><topic>Environmental Pollutants - analysis</topic><topic>Environmental Restoration and Remediation - methods</topic><topic>Farm buildings</topic><topic>Freshwater environments</topic><topic>Hot Temperature</topic><topic>Hydrochloric Acid</topic><topic>Leachates</topic><topic>Leaching</topic><topic>Lead</topic><topic>Life sciences</topic><topic>Mass Spectrometry</topic><topic>Metals, Heavy - analysis</topic><topic>Mobility</topic><topic>Moisture content</topic><topic>Mustard Plant - chemistry</topic><topic>Natural resources</topic><topic>Nitric Acid</topic><topic>Pesticide toxicity</topic><topic>Pesticides</topic><topic>Plant extracts</topic><topic>Plant tissues</topic><topic>Raw materials</topic><topic>Research Article</topic><topic>Sandy soils</topic><topic>Sinapis alba</topic><topic>Soil - chemistry</topic><topic>Soil amendment</topic><topic>Soil sciences</topic><topic>Soil water</topic><topic>Straw</topic><topic>Toxicity</topic><topic>Trace elements</topic><topic>Triticum - chemistry</topic><topic>Triticum aestivum</topic><topic>Vitis - chemistry</topic><topic>Waste Water Technology</topic><topic>Water</topic><topic>Water Management</topic><topic>Water Pollution Control</topic><topic>Wheat straw</topic><topic>Wineries & vineyards</topic><topic>Wood - chemistry</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kloss, Stefanie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zehetner, Franz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Buecker, Jannis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oburger, Eva</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wenzel, Walter W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Enders, Akio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lehmann, Johannes</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Soja, Gerhard</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (PDF only)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Professional Advanced</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Business</collection><collection>ProQuest One Business (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Environmental science and pollution research international</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kloss, Stefanie</au><au>Zehetner, Franz</au><au>Buecker, Jannis</au><au>Oburger, Eva</au><au>Wenzel, Walter W.</au><au>Enders, Akio</au><au>Lehmann, Johannes</au><au>Soja, Gerhard</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Trace element biogeochemistry in the soil-water-plant system of a temperate agricultural soil amended with different biochars</atitle><jtitle>Environmental science and pollution research international</jtitle><stitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</stitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><date>2015-03-01</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>22</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>4513</spage><epage>4526</epage><pages>4513-4526</pages><issn>0944-1344</issn><eissn>1614-7499</eissn><abstract>Various biochar (BC) types have been investigated as soil amendment; however, information on their effects on trace element (TE) biogeochemistry in the soil-water-plant system is still scarce. In the present study, we determined aqua-regia (AR) and water-extractable TEs of four BC types (woodchips (WC), wheat straw (WS), vineyard pruning (VP), pyrolyzed at 525 °C, of which VP was also pyrolyzed at 400 °C) and studied their effects on TE concentrations in leachates and mustard (
Sinapis alba
L.) tissue in a greenhouse pot experiment. We used an acidic, sandy agricultural soil and a BC application rate of 3 % (
w
/
w
). Our results show that contents and extractability of TEs in the BCs and effectuated changes of TE biogeochemistry in the soil-water-plant system strongly varied among the different BC types. High AR-digestable Cu was found in VP and high B contents in WC. WS had the highest impact on TEs in leachates showing increased concentrations of As, Cd, Mo, and Se, whereas WC application resulted in enhanced leaching of B. All BC types increased Mo and decreased Cu concentrations in the plant tissue; however, they showed diverging effects on Cu in the leachates with decreased concentrations for WC and WS, but increased concentrations for both VPs. Our results demonstrate that BCs may release TEs into the soil-water-plant system. A BC-induced liming effect in acidic soils may lead to decreased plant uptake of cationic TEs, including Pb and Cd, but may enhance the mobility of anionic TEs like Mo and As. We also found that BCs with high salt contents (e.g., straw-based BCs) may lead to increased mobility of both anionic and cationic TEs in the short term.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>25315931</pmid><doi>10.1007/s11356-014-3685-y</doi><tpages>14</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Environmental science and pollution research international, 2015-03, Vol.22 (6), p.4513-4526 |
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| subjects | Acidic soils Adsorption Agricultural land Agriculture Analysis of Variance Aquatic Pollution Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Binding sites Bioavailability Biofilms Biogeochemistry Cadmium Charcoal Charcoal - chemistry Earth and Environmental Science Ecotoxicology Electric Conductivity Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental Health Environmental Pollutants - analysis Environmental Restoration and Remediation - methods Farm buildings Freshwater environments Hot Temperature Hydrochloric Acid Leachates Leaching Lead Life sciences Mass Spectrometry Metals, Heavy - analysis Mobility Moisture content Mustard Plant - chemistry Natural resources Nitric Acid Pesticide toxicity Pesticides Plant extracts Plant tissues Raw materials Research Article Sandy soils Sinapis alba Soil - chemistry Soil amendment Soil sciences Soil water Straw Toxicity Trace elements Triticum - chemistry Triticum aestivum Vitis - chemistry Waste Water Technology Water Water Management Water Pollution Control Wheat straw Wineries & vineyards Wood - chemistry |
| title | Trace element biogeochemistry in the soil-water-plant system of a temperate agricultural soil amended with different biochars |
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