Stability in symptoms of anxiety and depression as a function of genotype and environment: a longitudinal twin study from ages 3 to 63 years
The influence of genetic factors on major depressive disorder is lower than on other psychiatric disorders. Heritability estimates mainly derive from cross-sectional studies, and knowledge on the longitudinal aetiology of symptoms of anxiety and depression (SxAnxDep) across the lifespan is limited....
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Psychological medicine 2015-04, Vol.45 (5), p.1039-1049 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 1049 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 5 |
| container_start_page | 1039 |
| container_title | Psychological medicine |
| container_volume | 45 |
| creator | Nivard, M. G. Dolan, C. V. Kendler, K. S. Kan, K.-J. Willemsen, G. van Beijsterveldt, C. E. M. Lindauer, R. J. L. van Beek, J. H. D. A. Geels, L. M. Bartels, M. Middeldorp, C. M. Boomsma, D. I. |
| description | The influence of genetic factors on major depressive disorder is lower than on other psychiatric disorders. Heritability estimates mainly derive from cross-sectional studies, and knowledge on the longitudinal aetiology of symptoms of anxiety and depression (SxAnxDep) across the lifespan is limited. We aimed to assess phenotypic, genetic and environmental stability in SxAnxDep between ages 3 and 63 years.
We used a cohort-sequential design combining data from 49 524 twins followed from birth to age ⩾20 years, and from adolescence into adulthood. SxAnxDep were assessed repeatedly with a maximum of eight assessments over a 25-year period. Data were ordered in 30 age groups and analysed with longitudinal genetic models.
Over age, there was a significant increase during adolescence in mean scores with sex differences (women>men) emerging. Heritability was high in childhood and decreased to 30-40% during adulthood. This decrease in heritability was due to an increase in environmental variance. Phenotypic stability was moderate in children (correlations across ages ~0.5) and high in adolescents (r = 0.6), young adults (r = 0.7), and adults (r = 0.8). Longitudinal stability was mostly attributable to genetic factors. During childhood and adolescence there was also significant genetic innovation, which was absent in adults. Environmental effects contributed to short-term stability.
The substantial stability in SxAnxDep is mainly due to genetic effects. The importance of environmental effects increases with age and explains the relatively low heritability of depression in adults. The environmental effects are transient, but the contribution to stability increases with age. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1017/S003329171400213X |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1668247416</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><cupid>10_1017_S003329171400213X</cupid><sourcerecordid>1668247416</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c454t-fb5c56b72b5923856d44cb81bd5e368a516612d4bd74ca9b77ba8a0351d034a03</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkc9qFjEUxYNY7Gf1AdxIwI2bsbmTfzPupFgVCl1Uwd2QTDIfKTPJmGSq8w59aDPtp4gidJXc3N85h3AQegHkDRCQp1eEUFq3IIERUgP9-gjtgIm2alrZPEa7bV1t-2P0NKVrQoACq5-g45pDI5nkO3R7lZV2o8srdh6ndZpzmBIOA1b-h7PlWXmDjZ2jTckFj1XCCg-L7_M2FW5vfcjrbO9A629cDH6yPr8t3Bj83uXFOK9GnL9vCWVa8RDDhNXeJkxxDlhQvFoV0zN0NKgx2eeH8wR9OX__-exjdXH54dPZu4uqZ5zlatC850LLWvO2pg0XhrFeN6ANt1Q0ioMQUBumjWS9arWUWjWKUA6GUFYuJ-j1ve8cw7fFptxNLvV2HJW3YUld0Tc1kwzEQ1AquGgYK-irv9DrsMTy8zuq-IHgWzbcU30MKUU7dHN0k4prB6TbWu3-abVoXh6cFz1Z81vxq8YC0IOpmnR0Zm__yP6v7U85l6wo</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1662471650</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Stability in symptoms of anxiety and depression as a function of genotype and environment: a longitudinal twin study from ages 3 to 63 years</title><source>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</source><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Cambridge Journals</source><creator>Nivard, M. G. ; Dolan, C. V. ; Kendler, K. S. ; Kan, K.-J. ; Willemsen, G. ; van Beijsterveldt, C. E. M. ; Lindauer, R. J. L. ; van Beek, J. H. D. A. ; Geels, L. M. ; Bartels, M. ; Middeldorp, C. M. ; Boomsma, D. I.</creator><creatorcontrib>Nivard, M. G. ; Dolan, C. V. ; Kendler, K. S. ; Kan, K.-J. ; Willemsen, G. ; van Beijsterveldt, C. E. M. ; Lindauer, R. J. L. ; van Beek, J. H. D. A. ; Geels, L. M. ; Bartels, M. ; Middeldorp, C. M. ; Boomsma, D. I.</creatorcontrib><description>The influence of genetic factors on major depressive disorder is lower than on other psychiatric disorders. Heritability estimates mainly derive from cross-sectional studies, and knowledge on the longitudinal aetiology of symptoms of anxiety and depression (SxAnxDep) across the lifespan is limited. We aimed to assess phenotypic, genetic and environmental stability in SxAnxDep between ages 3 and 63 years.
We used a cohort-sequential design combining data from 49 524 twins followed from birth to age ⩾20 years, and from adolescence into adulthood. SxAnxDep were assessed repeatedly with a maximum of eight assessments over a 25-year period. Data were ordered in 30 age groups and analysed with longitudinal genetic models.
Over age, there was a significant increase during adolescence in mean scores with sex differences (women>men) emerging. Heritability was high in childhood and decreased to 30-40% during adulthood. This decrease in heritability was due to an increase in environmental variance. Phenotypic stability was moderate in children (correlations across ages ~0.5) and high in adolescents (r = 0.6), young adults (r = 0.7), and adults (r = 0.8). Longitudinal stability was mostly attributable to genetic factors. During childhood and adolescence there was also significant genetic innovation, which was absent in adults. Environmental effects contributed to short-term stability.
The substantial stability in SxAnxDep is mainly due to genetic effects. The importance of environmental effects increases with age and explains the relatively low heritability of depression in adults. The environmental effects are transient, but the contribution to stability increases with age.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0033-2917</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1469-8978</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1017/S003329171400213X</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25187475</identifier><identifier>CODEN: PSMDCO</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Anxiety ; Anxiety - genetics ; Anxiety - psychology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cohort Studies ; Depression - genetics ; Depression - psychology ; Disease Progression ; Environment ; Female ; Gene-Environment Interaction ; Genotype ; Genotype & phenotype ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Mental depression ; Middle Aged ; Original Articles ; Social Environment ; Twins ; Twins, Dizygotic - genetics ; Twins, Dizygotic - psychology ; Twins, Monozygotic - genetics ; Twins, Monozygotic - psychology ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Psychological medicine, 2015-04, Vol.45 (5), p.1039-1049</ispartof><rights>Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c454t-fb5c56b72b5923856d44cb81bd5e368a516612d4bd74ca9b77ba8a0351d034a03</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c454t-fb5c56b72b5923856d44cb81bd5e368a516612d4bd74ca9b77ba8a0351d034a03</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S003329171400213X/type/journal_article$$EHTML$$P50$$Gcambridge$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>164,314,776,780,12825,27901,27902,30976,55603</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25187475$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Nivard, M. G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dolan, C. V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kendler, K. S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kan, K.-J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Willemsen, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van Beijsterveldt, C. E. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lindauer, R. J. L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van Beek, J. H. D. A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Geels, L. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bartels, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Middeldorp, C. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boomsma, D. I.</creatorcontrib><title>Stability in symptoms of anxiety and depression as a function of genotype and environment: a longitudinal twin study from ages 3 to 63 years</title><title>Psychological medicine</title><addtitle>Psychol. Med</addtitle><description>The influence of genetic factors on major depressive disorder is lower than on other psychiatric disorders. Heritability estimates mainly derive from cross-sectional studies, and knowledge on the longitudinal aetiology of symptoms of anxiety and depression (SxAnxDep) across the lifespan is limited. We aimed to assess phenotypic, genetic and environmental stability in SxAnxDep between ages 3 and 63 years.
We used a cohort-sequential design combining data from 49 524 twins followed from birth to age ⩾20 years, and from adolescence into adulthood. SxAnxDep were assessed repeatedly with a maximum of eight assessments over a 25-year period. Data were ordered in 30 age groups and analysed with longitudinal genetic models.
Over age, there was a significant increase during adolescence in mean scores with sex differences (women>men) emerging. Heritability was high in childhood and decreased to 30-40% during adulthood. This decrease in heritability was due to an increase in environmental variance. Phenotypic stability was moderate in children (correlations across ages ~0.5) and high in adolescents (r = 0.6), young adults (r = 0.7), and adults (r = 0.8). Longitudinal stability was mostly attributable to genetic factors. During childhood and adolescence there was also significant genetic innovation, which was absent in adults. Environmental effects contributed to short-term stability.
The substantial stability in SxAnxDep is mainly due to genetic effects. The importance of environmental effects increases with age and explains the relatively low heritability of depression in adults. The environmental effects are transient, but the contribution to stability increases with age.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Anxiety</subject><subject>Anxiety - genetics</subject><subject>Anxiety - psychology</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Cohort Studies</subject><subject>Depression - genetics</subject><subject>Depression - psychology</subject><subject>Disease Progression</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gene-Environment Interaction</subject><subject>Genotype</subject><subject>Genotype & phenotype</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Longitudinal Studies</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mental depression</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Original Articles</subject><subject>Social Environment</subject><subject>Twins</subject><subject>Twins, Dizygotic - genetics</subject><subject>Twins, Dizygotic - psychology</subject><subject>Twins, Monozygotic - genetics</subject><subject>Twins, Monozygotic - psychology</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0033-2917</issn><issn>1469-8978</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkc9qFjEUxYNY7Gf1AdxIwI2bsbmTfzPupFgVCl1Uwd2QTDIfKTPJmGSq8w59aDPtp4gidJXc3N85h3AQegHkDRCQp1eEUFq3IIERUgP9-gjtgIm2alrZPEa7bV1t-2P0NKVrQoACq5-g45pDI5nkO3R7lZV2o8srdh6ndZpzmBIOA1b-h7PlWXmDjZ2jTckFj1XCCg-L7_M2FW5vfcjrbO9A629cDH6yPr8t3Bj83uXFOK9GnL9vCWVa8RDDhNXeJkxxDlhQvFoV0zN0NKgx2eeH8wR9OX__-exjdXH54dPZu4uqZ5zlatC850LLWvO2pg0XhrFeN6ANt1Q0ioMQUBumjWS9arWUWjWKUA6GUFYuJ-j1ve8cw7fFptxNLvV2HJW3YUld0Tc1kwzEQ1AquGgYK-irv9DrsMTy8zuq-IHgWzbcU30MKUU7dHN0k4prB6TbWu3-abVoXh6cFz1Z81vxq8YC0IOpmnR0Zm__yP6v7U85l6wo</recordid><startdate>20150401</startdate><enddate>20150401</enddate><creator>Nivard, M. G.</creator><creator>Dolan, C. V.</creator><creator>Kendler, K. S.</creator><creator>Kan, K.-J.</creator><creator>Willemsen, G.</creator><creator>van Beijsterveldt, C. E. M.</creator><creator>Lindauer, R. J. L.</creator><creator>van Beek, J. H. D. A.</creator><creator>Geels, L. M.</creator><creator>Bartels, M.</creator><creator>Middeldorp, C. M.</creator><creator>Boomsma, D. I.</creator><general>Cambridge University Press</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>0-V</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ALSLI</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HEHIP</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M2S</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150401</creationdate><title>Stability in symptoms of anxiety and depression as a function of genotype and environment: a longitudinal twin study from ages 3 to 63 years</title><author>Nivard, M. G. ; Dolan, C. V. ; Kendler, K. S. ; Kan, K.-J. ; Willemsen, G. ; van Beijsterveldt, C. E. M. ; Lindauer, R. J. L. ; van Beek, J. H. D. A. ; Geels, L. M. ; Bartels, M. ; Middeldorp, C. M. ; Boomsma, D. I.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c454t-fb5c56b72b5923856d44cb81bd5e368a516612d4bd74ca9b77ba8a0351d034a03</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Anxiety</topic><topic>Anxiety - genetics</topic><topic>Anxiety - psychology</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Cohort Studies</topic><topic>Depression - genetics</topic><topic>Depression - psychology</topic><topic>Disease Progression</topic><topic>Environment</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gene-Environment Interaction</topic><topic>Genotype</topic><topic>Genotype & phenotype</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Longitudinal Studies</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mental depression</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Original Articles</topic><topic>Social Environment</topic><topic>Twins</topic><topic>Twins, Dizygotic - genetics</topic><topic>Twins, Dizygotic - psychology</topic><topic>Twins, Monozygotic - genetics</topic><topic>Twins, Monozygotic - psychology</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Nivard, M. G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dolan, C. V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kendler, K. S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kan, K.-J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Willemsen, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van Beijsterveldt, C. E. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lindauer, R. J. L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van Beek, J. H. D. A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Geels, L. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bartels, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Middeldorp, C. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boomsma, D. I.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Social Science Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>Sociology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Psychology</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Sociology Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Psychological medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Nivard, M. G.</au><au>Dolan, C. V.</au><au>Kendler, K. S.</au><au>Kan, K.-J.</au><au>Willemsen, G.</au><au>van Beijsterveldt, C. E. M.</au><au>Lindauer, R. J. L.</au><au>van Beek, J. H. D. A.</au><au>Geels, L. M.</au><au>Bartels, M.</au><au>Middeldorp, C. M.</au><au>Boomsma, D. I.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Stability in symptoms of anxiety and depression as a function of genotype and environment: a longitudinal twin study from ages 3 to 63 years</atitle><jtitle>Psychological medicine</jtitle><addtitle>Psychol. Med</addtitle><date>2015-04-01</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>45</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>1039</spage><epage>1049</epage><pages>1039-1049</pages><issn>0033-2917</issn><eissn>1469-8978</eissn><coden>PSMDCO</coden><abstract>The influence of genetic factors on major depressive disorder is lower than on other psychiatric disorders. Heritability estimates mainly derive from cross-sectional studies, and knowledge on the longitudinal aetiology of symptoms of anxiety and depression (SxAnxDep) across the lifespan is limited. We aimed to assess phenotypic, genetic and environmental stability in SxAnxDep between ages 3 and 63 years.
We used a cohort-sequential design combining data from 49 524 twins followed from birth to age ⩾20 years, and from adolescence into adulthood. SxAnxDep were assessed repeatedly with a maximum of eight assessments over a 25-year period. Data were ordered in 30 age groups and analysed with longitudinal genetic models.
Over age, there was a significant increase during adolescence in mean scores with sex differences (women>men) emerging. Heritability was high in childhood and decreased to 30-40% during adulthood. This decrease in heritability was due to an increase in environmental variance. Phenotypic stability was moderate in children (correlations across ages ~0.5) and high in adolescents (r = 0.6), young adults (r = 0.7), and adults (r = 0.8). Longitudinal stability was mostly attributable to genetic factors. During childhood and adolescence there was also significant genetic innovation, which was absent in adults. Environmental effects contributed to short-term stability.
The substantial stability in SxAnxDep is mainly due to genetic effects. The importance of environmental effects increases with age and explains the relatively low heritability of depression in adults. The environmental effects are transient, but the contribution to stability increases with age.</abstract><cop>Cambridge, UK</cop><pub>Cambridge University Press</pub><pmid>25187475</pmid><doi>10.1017/S003329171400213X</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0033-2917 |
| ispartof | Psychological medicine, 2015-04, Vol.45 (5), p.1039-1049 |
| issn | 0033-2917 1469-8978 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1668247416 |
| source | Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA); MEDLINE; Cambridge Journals |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Anxiety Anxiety - genetics Anxiety - psychology Child Child, Preschool Cohort Studies Depression - genetics Depression - psychology Disease Progression Environment Female Gene-Environment Interaction Genotype Genotype & phenotype Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Mental depression Middle Aged Original Articles Social Environment Twins Twins, Dizygotic - genetics Twins, Dizygotic - psychology Twins, Monozygotic - genetics Twins, Monozygotic - psychology Young Adult |
| title | Stability in symptoms of anxiety and depression as a function of genotype and environment: a longitudinal twin study from ages 3 to 63 years |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-03T07%3A15%3A10IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Stability%20in%20symptoms%20of%20anxiety%20and%20depression%20as%20a%20function%20of%20genotype%20and%20environment:%20a%20longitudinal%20twin%20study%20from%20ages%203%20to%2063%20years&rft.jtitle=Psychological%20medicine&rft.au=Nivard,%20M.%20G.&rft.date=2015-04-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1039&rft.epage=1049&rft.pages=1039-1049&rft.issn=0033-2917&rft.eissn=1469-8978&rft.coden=PSMDCO&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017/S003329171400213X&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E1668247416%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1662471650&rft_id=info:pmid/25187475&rft_cupid=10_1017_S003329171400213X&rfr_iscdi=true |