Epidemiology of Severe Acute Respiratory Illness (SARI) among Adults and Children Aged greater than or equal to 5 Years in a High HIV-Prevalence Setting, 2009-2012: e0117716
Objective There are few published studies describing severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) epidemiology amongst older children and adults from high HIV-prevalence settings. We aimed to describe SARI epidemiology amongst individuals aged greater than or equal to 5 years in South Africa. Methods We...
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| creator | Cohen, Cheryl Walaza, Sibongile Moyes, Jocelyn Groome, Michelle Tempia, Stefano Pretorius, Marthi Hellferscee, Orienka Dawood, Halima Haffejee, Summaya Variava, Ebrahim |
| description | Objective There are few published studies describing severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) epidemiology amongst older children and adults from high HIV-prevalence settings. We aimed to describe SARI epidemiology amongst individuals aged greater than or equal to 5 years in South Africa. Methods We conducted prospective surveillance for individuals with SARI from 2009-2012. Using polymerase chain reaction, respiratory samples were tested for ten viruses, and blood for pneumococcal DNA. Cumulative annual SARI incidence was estimated at one site with population denominators. Findings We enrolled 7193 individuals, 9% (621/7067) tested positive for influenza and 9% (600/6519) for pneumococcus. HIV-prevalence was 74% (4663/6334). Among HIV-infected individuals with available data, 41% of 2629 were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). The annual SARI hospitalisation incidence ranged from 325-617/100,000 population. HIV-infected individuals experienced a 13-19 times greater SARI incidence than HIV-uninfected individuals (p7 days rather than |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0117716 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1668246769</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>1668246769</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-proquest_miscellaneous_16682467693</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqVj7tOwzAUQC0kJMrjDxjuWCQSbIc6DVtUFSUbahESU2Ult44rx079qNSP4h9h6A8wneUM5xDyyGjOipK9HFzyVpp8chZzylhZMnFFZqwqeCY4LW7IbQgHShfFUogZ-VlPusdRO-PUGdwetnhCj1B3KSJsMEzay-j8GVpjLIYA8229aZ9Ajs4qqPtkYgBpe1gN2vQeLdQKe1AeZUQPcZAWnAc8JmkgOljAN0ofQFuQ0Gg1QNN-ZR8eT9Kg7fAvIEZt1TNwSquMU8bfAC8j9-R6L03AhwvvyPx9_blqssm7Y8IQd6MOHRojLboUdkyIJX8VpaiKf6i_GMRnAg</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1668246769</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Epidemiology of Severe Acute Respiratory Illness (SARI) among Adults and Children Aged greater than or equal to 5 Years in a High HIV-Prevalence Setting, 2009-2012: e0117716</title><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry</source><creator>Cohen, Cheryl ; Walaza, Sibongile ; Moyes, Jocelyn ; Groome, Michelle ; Tempia, Stefano ; Pretorius, Marthi ; Hellferscee, Orienka ; Dawood, Halima ; Haffejee, Summaya ; Variava, Ebrahim</creator><creatorcontrib>Cohen, Cheryl ; Walaza, Sibongile ; Moyes, Jocelyn ; Groome, Michelle ; Tempia, Stefano ; Pretorius, Marthi ; Hellferscee, Orienka ; Dawood, Halima ; Haffejee, Summaya ; Variava, Ebrahim</creatorcontrib><description>Objective There are few published studies describing severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) epidemiology amongst older children and adults from high HIV-prevalence settings. We aimed to describe SARI epidemiology amongst individuals aged greater than or equal to 5 years in South Africa. Methods We conducted prospective surveillance for individuals with SARI from 2009-2012. Using polymerase chain reaction, respiratory samples were tested for ten viruses, and blood for pneumococcal DNA. Cumulative annual SARI incidence was estimated at one site with population denominators. Findings We enrolled 7193 individuals, 9% (621/7067) tested positive for influenza and 9% (600/6519) for pneumococcus. HIV-prevalence was 74% (4663/6334). Among HIV-infected individuals with available data, 41% of 2629 were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). The annual SARI hospitalisation incidence ranged from 325-617/100,000 population. HIV-infected individuals experienced a 13-19 times greater SARI incidence than HIV-uninfected individuals (p<0.001). On multivariable analysis, compared to HIV-uninfected individuals, HIV-infected individuals were more likely to be receiving tuberculosis treatment (odds ratio (OR):1.7; 95%CI:1.1-2.7), have pneumococcal infection (OR 2.4; 95%CI:1.7-3.3) be hospitalised for >7 days rather than <2 days (OR1.7; 95%CI:1.2-2.2) and had a higher case-fatality ratio (8% vs 5%; OR1.7; 95%CI:1.2-2.3), but were less likely to be infected with influenza (OR 0.6; 95%CI:0.5-0.8). On multivariable analysis, independent risk indicators associated with death included HIV infection (OR 1.8; 95%CI:1.3-2.4), increasing age-group, receiving mechanical ventilation (OR 6.5; 95%CI:1.3-32.0) and supplemental-oxygen therapy (OR 2.6; 95%CI:2.1-3.2). Conclusion The burden of hospitalized SARI amongst individuals aged greater than or equal to 5 years is high in South Africa. HIV-infected individuals are the most important risk group for SARI hospitalization and mortality in this setting.</description><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117716</identifier><language>eng</language><subject>Mycobacterium ; Streptococcus pneumoniae</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2015-02, Vol.10 (2)</ispartof><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>315,782,786,866,27933,27934</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Cohen, Cheryl</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Walaza, Sibongile</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moyes, Jocelyn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Groome, Michelle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tempia, Stefano</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pretorius, Marthi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hellferscee, Orienka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dawood, Halima</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Haffejee, Summaya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Variava, Ebrahim</creatorcontrib><title>Epidemiology of Severe Acute Respiratory Illness (SARI) among Adults and Children Aged greater than or equal to 5 Years in a High HIV-Prevalence Setting, 2009-2012: e0117716</title><title>PloS one</title><description>Objective There are few published studies describing severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) epidemiology amongst older children and adults from high HIV-prevalence settings. We aimed to describe SARI epidemiology amongst individuals aged greater than or equal to 5 years in South Africa. Methods We conducted prospective surveillance for individuals with SARI from 2009-2012. Using polymerase chain reaction, respiratory samples were tested for ten viruses, and blood for pneumococcal DNA. Cumulative annual SARI incidence was estimated at one site with population denominators. Findings We enrolled 7193 individuals, 9% (621/7067) tested positive for influenza and 9% (600/6519) for pneumococcus. HIV-prevalence was 74% (4663/6334). Among HIV-infected individuals with available data, 41% of 2629 were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). The annual SARI hospitalisation incidence ranged from 325-617/100,000 population. HIV-infected individuals experienced a 13-19 times greater SARI incidence than HIV-uninfected individuals (p<0.001). On multivariable analysis, compared to HIV-uninfected individuals, HIV-infected individuals were more likely to be receiving tuberculosis treatment (odds ratio (OR):1.7; 95%CI:1.1-2.7), have pneumococcal infection (OR 2.4; 95%CI:1.7-3.3) be hospitalised for >7 days rather than <2 days (OR1.7; 95%CI:1.2-2.2) and had a higher case-fatality ratio (8% vs 5%; OR1.7; 95%CI:1.2-2.3), but were less likely to be infected with influenza (OR 0.6; 95%CI:0.5-0.8). On multivariable analysis, independent risk indicators associated with death included HIV infection (OR 1.8; 95%CI:1.3-2.4), increasing age-group, receiving mechanical ventilation (OR 6.5; 95%CI:1.3-32.0) and supplemental-oxygen therapy (OR 2.6; 95%CI:2.1-3.2). Conclusion The burden of hospitalized SARI amongst individuals aged greater than or equal to 5 years is high in South Africa. HIV-infected individuals are the most important risk group for SARI hospitalization and mortality in this setting.</description><subject>Mycobacterium</subject><subject>Streptococcus pneumoniae</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqVj7tOwzAUQC0kJMrjDxjuWCQSbIc6DVtUFSUbahESU2Ult44rx079qNSP4h9h6A8wneUM5xDyyGjOipK9HFzyVpp8chZzylhZMnFFZqwqeCY4LW7IbQgHShfFUogZ-VlPusdRO-PUGdwetnhCj1B3KSJsMEzay-j8GVpjLIYA8229aZ9Ajs4qqPtkYgBpe1gN2vQeLdQKe1AeZUQPcZAWnAc8JmkgOljAN0ofQFuQ0Gg1QNN-ZR8eT9Kg7fAvIEZt1TNwSquMU8bfAC8j9-R6L03AhwvvyPx9_blqssm7Y8IQd6MOHRojLboUdkyIJX8VpaiKf6i_GMRnAg</recordid><startdate>20150201</startdate><enddate>20150201</enddate><creator>Cohen, Cheryl</creator><creator>Walaza, Sibongile</creator><creator>Moyes, Jocelyn</creator><creator>Groome, Michelle</creator><creator>Tempia, Stefano</creator><creator>Pretorius, Marthi</creator><creator>Hellferscee, Orienka</creator><creator>Dawood, Halima</creator><creator>Haffejee, Summaya</creator><creator>Variava, Ebrahim</creator><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7U1</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>H94</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150201</creationdate><title>Epidemiology of Severe Acute Respiratory Illness (SARI) among Adults and Children Aged greater than or equal to 5 Years in a High HIV-Prevalence Setting, 2009-2012: e0117716</title><author>Cohen, Cheryl ; Walaza, Sibongile ; Moyes, Jocelyn ; Groome, Michelle ; Tempia, Stefano ; Pretorius, Marthi ; Hellferscee, Orienka ; Dawood, Halima ; Haffejee, Summaya ; Variava, Ebrahim</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-proquest_miscellaneous_16682467693</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Mycobacterium</topic><topic>Streptococcus pneumoniae</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Cohen, Cheryl</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Walaza, Sibongile</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moyes, Jocelyn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Groome, Michelle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tempia, Stefano</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pretorius, Marthi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hellferscee, Orienka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dawood, Halima</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Haffejee, Summaya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Variava, Ebrahim</creatorcontrib><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Risk Abstracts</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Cohen, Cheryl</au><au>Walaza, Sibongile</au><au>Moyes, Jocelyn</au><au>Groome, Michelle</au><au>Tempia, Stefano</au><au>Pretorius, Marthi</au><au>Hellferscee, Orienka</au><au>Dawood, Halima</au><au>Haffejee, Summaya</au><au>Variava, Ebrahim</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Epidemiology of Severe Acute Respiratory Illness (SARI) among Adults and Children Aged greater than or equal to 5 Years in a High HIV-Prevalence Setting, 2009-2012: e0117716</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><date>2015-02-01</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>2</issue><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Objective There are few published studies describing severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) epidemiology amongst older children and adults from high HIV-prevalence settings. We aimed to describe SARI epidemiology amongst individuals aged greater than or equal to 5 years in South Africa. Methods We conducted prospective surveillance for individuals with SARI from 2009-2012. Using polymerase chain reaction, respiratory samples were tested for ten viruses, and blood for pneumococcal DNA. Cumulative annual SARI incidence was estimated at one site with population denominators. Findings We enrolled 7193 individuals, 9% (621/7067) tested positive for influenza and 9% (600/6519) for pneumococcus. HIV-prevalence was 74% (4663/6334). Among HIV-infected individuals with available data, 41% of 2629 were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). The annual SARI hospitalisation incidence ranged from 325-617/100,000 population. HIV-infected individuals experienced a 13-19 times greater SARI incidence than HIV-uninfected individuals (p<0.001). On multivariable analysis, compared to HIV-uninfected individuals, HIV-infected individuals were more likely to be receiving tuberculosis treatment (odds ratio (OR):1.7; 95%CI:1.1-2.7), have pneumococcal infection (OR 2.4; 95%CI:1.7-3.3) be hospitalised for >7 days rather than <2 days (OR1.7; 95%CI:1.2-2.2) and had a higher case-fatality ratio (8% vs 5%; OR1.7; 95%CI:1.2-2.3), but were less likely to be infected with influenza (OR 0.6; 95%CI:0.5-0.8). On multivariable analysis, independent risk indicators associated with death included HIV infection (OR 1.8; 95%CI:1.3-2.4), increasing age-group, receiving mechanical ventilation (OR 6.5; 95%CI:1.3-32.0) and supplemental-oxygen therapy (OR 2.6; 95%CI:2.1-3.2). Conclusion The burden of hospitalized SARI amongst individuals aged greater than or equal to 5 years is high in South Africa. HIV-infected individuals are the most important risk group for SARI hospitalization and mortality in this setting.</abstract><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0117716</doi></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Mycobacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae |
| title | Epidemiology of Severe Acute Respiratory Illness (SARI) among Adults and Children Aged greater than or equal to 5 Years in a High HIV-Prevalence Setting, 2009-2012: e0117716 |
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