Intensity Dependent Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Corticospinal Excitability in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury

Abstract Objective To investigate the effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) intensity on corticospinal excitability and affected muscle activation in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). Design Single-blind, randomized, sham-controlled, crossover study. Set...

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Veröffentlicht in:Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation 2015-04, Vol.96 (4), p.S114-S121
Hauptverfasser: Murray, Lynda M., PhD, Edwards, Dylan J., PhD, Ruffini, Giulio, PhD, Labar, Douglas, MD, PhD, Stampas, Argyrios, MD, Pascual-Leone, Alvaro, MD, PhD, Cortes, Mar, MD
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container_end_page S121
container_issue 4
container_start_page S114
container_title Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation
container_volume 96
creator Murray, Lynda M., PhD
Edwards, Dylan J., PhD
Ruffini, Giulio, PhD
Labar, Douglas, MD, PhD
Stampas, Argyrios, MD
Pascual-Leone, Alvaro, MD, PhD
Cortes, Mar, MD
description Abstract Objective To investigate the effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) intensity on corticospinal excitability and affected muscle activation in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). Design Single-blind, randomized, sham-controlled, crossover study. Setting Medical research institute and rehabilitation hospital. Participants Volunteers (N=9) with chronic SCI and motor dysfunction in wrist extensor muscles. Interventions Three single session exposures to 20 minutes of a-tDCS (anode over the extensor carpi radialis [ECR] muscle representation on the left primary motor cortex, cathode over the right supraorbital area) using 1mA, 2mA, or sham stimulation, delivered at rest, with at least 1 week between sessions. Main Outcome Measures Corticospinal excitability was assessed with motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) from the ECR muscle using surface electromyography after transcranial magnetic stimulation. Changes in spinal excitability, sensory threshold, and muscle strength were also investigated. Results Mean MEP amplitude significantly increased by approximately 40% immediately after 2mA a-tDCS (pre: 0.36±0.1mV; post: 0.47±0.11mV; P =.001), but not with 1mA or sham. Maximal voluntary contraction measures remained unaltered across all conditions. Sensory threshold significantly decreased over time after 1mA ( P =.002) and 2mA ( P =.039) a-tDCS and did not change with sham. F-wave persistence showed a nonsignificant trend for increase (pre: 32%±12%; post: 41%±10%; follow-up: 46%±12%) after 2mA stimulation. No adverse effects were reported with any of the experimental conditions. Conclusions The a-tDCS can transiently raise corticospinal excitability to affected muscles in patients with chronic SCI after 2mA stimulation. Sensory perception can improve with both 1 and 2mA stimulation. This study gives support to the safe and effective use of a-tDCS using small electrodes in patients with SCI and highlights the importance of stimulation intensity.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.11.004
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Design Single-blind, randomized, sham-controlled, crossover study. Setting Medical research institute and rehabilitation hospital. Participants Volunteers (N=9) with chronic SCI and motor dysfunction in wrist extensor muscles. Interventions Three single session exposures to 20 minutes of a-tDCS (anode over the extensor carpi radialis [ECR] muscle representation on the left primary motor cortex, cathode over the right supraorbital area) using 1mA, 2mA, or sham stimulation, delivered at rest, with at least 1 week between sessions. Main Outcome Measures Corticospinal excitability was assessed with motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) from the ECR muscle using surface electromyography after transcranial magnetic stimulation. Changes in spinal excitability, sensory threshold, and muscle strength were also investigated. Results Mean MEP amplitude significantly increased by approximately 40% immediately after 2mA a-tDCS (pre: 0.36±0.1mV; post: 0.47±0.11mV; P =.001), but not with 1mA or sham. Maximal voluntary contraction measures remained unaltered across all conditions. Sensory threshold significantly decreased over time after 1mA ( P =.002) and 2mA ( P =.039) a-tDCS and did not change with sham. F-wave persistence showed a nonsignificant trend for increase (pre: 32%±12%; post: 41%±10%; follow-up: 46%±12%) after 2mA stimulation. No adverse effects were reported with any of the experimental conditions. Conclusions The a-tDCS can transiently raise corticospinal excitability to affected muscles in patients with chronic SCI after 2mA stimulation. Sensory perception can improve with both 1 and 2mA stimulation. This study gives support to the safe and effective use of a-tDCS using small electrodes in patients with SCI and highlights the importance of stimulation intensity.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0003-9993</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1532-821X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.11.004</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25461825</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Adult ; Anodal stimulation transcranial direct current stimulation ; Chronic Disease ; Cross-Over Studies ; Electromyography ; Evoked Potentials, Motor - physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Skeletal - physiopathology ; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation ; Physical Therapy Modalities ; Pyramidal Tracts - physiopathology ; Rehabilitation ; Single-Blind Method ; Spinal cord injuries ; Spinal Cord Injuries - rehabilitation ; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation - adverse effects ; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation - methods ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation - methods ; Upper extremity ; Wrist - physiopathology</subject><ispartof>Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 2015-04, Vol.96 (4), p.S114-S121</ispartof><rights>American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine</rights><rights>2015 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine</rights><rights>Copyright © 2015 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c521t-c2699de64a789ad06fe65d72f2eb35290b556c8c7dfabe30d1095c68a4ef2edd3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c521t-c2699de64a789ad06fe65d72f2eb35290b556c8c7dfabe30d1095c68a4ef2edd3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2014.11.004$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,778,782,3539,27911,27912,45982</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25461825$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Murray, Lynda M., PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Edwards, Dylan J., PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ruffini, Giulio, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Labar, Douglas, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stampas, Argyrios, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pascual-Leone, Alvaro, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cortes, Mar, MD</creatorcontrib><title>Intensity Dependent Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Corticospinal Excitability in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury</title><title>Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation</title><addtitle>Arch Phys Med Rehabil</addtitle><description>Abstract Objective To investigate the effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) intensity on corticospinal excitability and affected muscle activation in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). Design Single-blind, randomized, sham-controlled, crossover study. Setting Medical research institute and rehabilitation hospital. Participants Volunteers (N=9) with chronic SCI and motor dysfunction in wrist extensor muscles. Interventions Three single session exposures to 20 minutes of a-tDCS (anode over the extensor carpi radialis [ECR] muscle representation on the left primary motor cortex, cathode over the right supraorbital area) using 1mA, 2mA, or sham stimulation, delivered at rest, with at least 1 week between sessions. Main Outcome Measures Corticospinal excitability was assessed with motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) from the ECR muscle using surface electromyography after transcranial magnetic stimulation. Changes in spinal excitability, sensory threshold, and muscle strength were also investigated. Results Mean MEP amplitude significantly increased by approximately 40% immediately after 2mA a-tDCS (pre: 0.36±0.1mV; post: 0.47±0.11mV; P =.001), but not with 1mA or sham. Maximal voluntary contraction measures remained unaltered across all conditions. Sensory threshold significantly decreased over time after 1mA ( P =.002) and 2mA ( P =.039) a-tDCS and did not change with sham. F-wave persistence showed a nonsignificant trend for increase (pre: 32%±12%; post: 41%±10%; follow-up: 46%±12%) after 2mA stimulation. No adverse effects were reported with any of the experimental conditions. Conclusions The a-tDCS can transiently raise corticospinal excitability to affected muscles in patients with chronic SCI after 2mA stimulation. Sensory perception can improve with both 1 and 2mA stimulation. This study gives support to the safe and effective use of a-tDCS using small electrodes in patients with SCI and highlights the importance of stimulation intensity.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Anodal stimulation transcranial direct current stimulation</subject><subject>Chronic Disease</subject><subject>Cross-Over Studies</subject><subject>Electromyography</subject><subject>Evoked Potentials, Motor - physiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Muscle, Skeletal - physiopathology</subject><subject>Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation</subject><subject>Physical Therapy Modalities</subject><subject>Pyramidal Tracts - physiopathology</subject><subject>Rehabilitation</subject><subject>Single-Blind Method</subject><subject>Spinal cord injuries</subject><subject>Spinal Cord Injuries - rehabilitation</subject><subject>Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation - adverse effects</subject><subject>Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation - methods</subject><subject>Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation - methods</subject><subject>Upper extremity</subject><subject>Wrist - physiopathology</subject><issn>0003-9993</issn><issn>1532-821X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kU-L1DAYh4Mo7rjrF_AgPXppzZ8m04IIMjvqwIKH2QVvIU3eYmqb1CQV5-onN3VWD3tYCAnJ-7w_eJ8g9IrgimAi3g6VmqdQUUzqipAK4_oJ2hDOaNlQ8vUp2mCMWdm2LbtAL2Ic8lVwRp6jC8prQRrKN-j3wSVw0aZTcQ0zOAMuFfu-B51i4fviNigXdd6sGotrG_J7sVtCWLFjstMyqmS9K_La-ZCs9nG2LrP7X9om1dlxjba5-i14Z3VxPJczbIqDG5ZwukLPejVGeHl_XqK7j_vb3efy5sunw-7DTak5JanUVLStAVGrbdMqg0UPgpst7Sl0jNMWd5wL3eit6VUHDBuCW65Fo2rIiDHsEr05587B_1ggJjnZqGEclQO_REmE2LK6ZYJmlJ5RHXyMAXo5BzupcJIEy9W9HOTqXq7uJSEyu89Nr-_zl24C87_ln-wMvDsDkKf8aSHIqC04DeavV2m8fTz__YN2PdqsVI3f4QRx8EvIZvMcMlKJ5XH9_fXzSY0JFQKzP57OrTY</recordid><startdate>20150401</startdate><enddate>20150401</enddate><creator>Murray, Lynda M., PhD</creator><creator>Edwards, Dylan J., PhD</creator><creator>Ruffini, Giulio, PhD</creator><creator>Labar, Douglas, MD, PhD</creator><creator>Stampas, Argyrios, MD</creator><creator>Pascual-Leone, Alvaro, MD, PhD</creator><creator>Cortes, Mar, MD</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150401</creationdate><title>Intensity Dependent Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Corticospinal Excitability in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury</title><author>Murray, Lynda M., PhD ; Edwards, Dylan J., PhD ; Ruffini, Giulio, PhD ; Labar, Douglas, MD, PhD ; Stampas, Argyrios, MD ; Pascual-Leone, Alvaro, MD, PhD ; Cortes, Mar, MD</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c521t-c2699de64a789ad06fe65d72f2eb35290b556c8c7dfabe30d1095c68a4ef2edd3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Anodal stimulation transcranial direct current stimulation</topic><topic>Chronic Disease</topic><topic>Cross-Over Studies</topic><topic>Electromyography</topic><topic>Evoked Potentials, Motor - physiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal - physiopathology</topic><topic>Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation</topic><topic>Physical Therapy Modalities</topic><topic>Pyramidal Tracts - physiopathology</topic><topic>Rehabilitation</topic><topic>Single-Blind Method</topic><topic>Spinal cord injuries</topic><topic>Spinal Cord Injuries - rehabilitation</topic><topic>Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation - adverse effects</topic><topic>Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation - methods</topic><topic>Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation - methods</topic><topic>Upper extremity</topic><topic>Wrist - physiopathology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Murray, Lynda M., PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Edwards, Dylan J., PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ruffini, Giulio, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Labar, Douglas, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stampas, Argyrios, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pascual-Leone, Alvaro, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cortes, Mar, MD</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Murray, Lynda M., PhD</au><au>Edwards, Dylan J., PhD</au><au>Ruffini, Giulio, PhD</au><au>Labar, Douglas, MD, PhD</au><au>Stampas, Argyrios, MD</au><au>Pascual-Leone, Alvaro, MD, PhD</au><au>Cortes, Mar, MD</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Intensity Dependent Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Corticospinal Excitability in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury</atitle><jtitle>Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation</jtitle><addtitle>Arch Phys Med Rehabil</addtitle><date>2015-04-01</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>96</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>S114</spage><epage>S121</epage><pages>S114-S121</pages><issn>0003-9993</issn><eissn>1532-821X</eissn><abstract>Abstract Objective To investigate the effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) intensity on corticospinal excitability and affected muscle activation in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). Design Single-blind, randomized, sham-controlled, crossover study. Setting Medical research institute and rehabilitation hospital. Participants Volunteers (N=9) with chronic SCI and motor dysfunction in wrist extensor muscles. Interventions Three single session exposures to 20 minutes of a-tDCS (anode over the extensor carpi radialis [ECR] muscle representation on the left primary motor cortex, cathode over the right supraorbital area) using 1mA, 2mA, or sham stimulation, delivered at rest, with at least 1 week between sessions. Main Outcome Measures Corticospinal excitability was assessed with motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) from the ECR muscle using surface electromyography after transcranial magnetic stimulation. Changes in spinal excitability, sensory threshold, and muscle strength were also investigated. Results Mean MEP amplitude significantly increased by approximately 40% immediately after 2mA a-tDCS (pre: 0.36±0.1mV; post: 0.47±0.11mV; P =.001), but not with 1mA or sham. Maximal voluntary contraction measures remained unaltered across all conditions. Sensory threshold significantly decreased over time after 1mA ( P =.002) and 2mA ( P =.039) a-tDCS and did not change with sham. F-wave persistence showed a nonsignificant trend for increase (pre: 32%±12%; post: 41%±10%; follow-up: 46%±12%) after 2mA stimulation. No adverse effects were reported with any of the experimental conditions. Conclusions The a-tDCS can transiently raise corticospinal excitability to affected muscles in patients with chronic SCI after 2mA stimulation. Sensory perception can improve with both 1 and 2mA stimulation. This study gives support to the safe and effective use of a-tDCS using small electrodes in patients with SCI and highlights the importance of stimulation intensity.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>25461825</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.apmr.2014.11.004</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Adult
Anodal stimulation transcranial direct current stimulation
Chronic Disease
Cross-Over Studies
Electromyography
Evoked Potentials, Motor - physiology
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Muscle, Skeletal - physiopathology
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Physical Therapy Modalities
Pyramidal Tracts - physiopathology
Rehabilitation
Single-Blind Method
Spinal cord injuries
Spinal Cord Injuries - rehabilitation
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation - adverse effects
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation - methods
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation - methods
Upper extremity
Wrist - physiopathology
title Intensity Dependent Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Corticospinal Excitability in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury
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