The mitochondrial outer membrane protein Mas22p is essential for protein import and viability of yeast

We have cloned the gene encoding the protein Mas22p, which spans the outer membrane of yeast mitochondria. Cells that completely lack Mas22p are inviable. The plasmid-borne MAS22 gene suppresses several defects resulting from the deletion of one or more of the mitochondrial protein import receptors....

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 1994-12, Vol.91 (25), p.11973-11977
Hauptverfasser: Lithgow, T. (Universitat Basel, Basel, Switzerland), Junne, T, Suda, K, Gratzer, S, Schatz, G
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
container_end_page 11977
container_issue 25
container_start_page 11973
container_title Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS
container_volume 91
creator Lithgow, T. (Universitat Basel, Basel, Switzerland)
Junne, T
Suda, K
Gratzer, S
Schatz, G
description We have cloned the gene encoding the protein Mas22p, which spans the outer membrane of yeast mitochondria. Cells that completely lack Mas22p are inviable. The plasmid-borne MAS22 gene suppresses several defects resulting from the deletion of one or more of the mitochondrial protein import receptors. Defects of Mas20p-deficient cells are explained by the reduced level of Mas22p in these mutants. Mas22p has one acidic domain in the cytosol and a second acidic domain in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. We suggest that these domains of Mas22p on either side of the outer membrane function as a relay system for transferring the basic targeting sequences of precursor proteins into the mitochondria.
doi_str_mv 10.1073/pnas.91.25.11973
format Article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>jstor_proqu</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_16669221</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><jstor_id>2366259</jstor_id><sourcerecordid>2366259</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c610t-661c03255d443a48d7d2e720e657a356cdb3606c7374b9804329e24bb95dc093</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkUtv1DAUhS0EKtPCHiEQFgvEJoPfD4lNVfGSilgwrC0ncToeJXGwnYr59zjMMKIsYHUX5ztX954DwBOM1hhJ-mYabVprvCZ8jbGW9B5YYaRxJZhG98EKISIrxQh7CM5T2iGENFfoDJxJrTEXcgW6zdbBwefQbMPYRm97GObsIhzcUEc7OjjFkJ0f4WebCJmgT9Cl5Ma8oF2IJ90PU4gZ2rGFt97Wvvd5D0MH986m_Ag86Gyf3OPjvACb9-82Vx-r6y8fPl1dXleNwChXQuAGUcJ5yxi1TLWyJU4S5ASXlnLRtDUVSDSSSlZrhRgl2hFW15q3DdL0Arw9rJ3menBtU86MtjdT9IONexOsN3eV0W_NTbg1jFOuiv3V0R7D99mlbAafGtf3JYcwJyOFUpgj8l8QCyE0IbiAL_8Cd2GOY4nAEIQJJ1rzAqED1MSQUnTd6WCMzFKzWWo2GhvCza-ai-X5n4-eDMdei_7iqC_O3-rdDa__TZhu7vvsfuSCPjugu5RDPLGECkH4EvrTg9zZYOxN9Ml8-1reUkor-hNigM51</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>201252995</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>The mitochondrial outer membrane protein Mas22p is essential for protein import and viability of yeast</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><source>Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry</source><creator>Lithgow, T. (Universitat Basel, Basel, Switzerland) ; Junne, T ; Suda, K ; Gratzer, S ; Schatz, G</creator><creatorcontrib>Lithgow, T. (Universitat Basel, Basel, Switzerland) ; Junne, T ; Suda, K ; Gratzer, S ; Schatz, G</creatorcontrib><description>We have cloned the gene encoding the protein Mas22p, which spans the outer membrane of yeast mitochondria. Cells that completely lack Mas22p are inviable. The plasmid-borne MAS22 gene suppresses several defects resulting from the deletion of one or more of the mitochondrial protein import receptors. Defects of Mas20p-deficient cells are explained by the reduced level of Mas22p in these mutants. Mas22p has one acidic domain in the cytosol and a second acidic domain in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. We suggest that these domains of Mas22p on either side of the outer membrane function as a relay system for transferring the basic targeting sequences of precursor proteins into the mitochondria.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0027-8424</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1091-6490</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1073/pnas.91.25.11973</identifier><identifier>PMID: 7991567</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</publisher><subject>Amino Acid Sequence ; Cell growth ; Cells ; Cellular biology ; Chromosomes, Fungal ; Cloning, Molecular ; COMPOSICION QUIMICA ; COMPOSITION CHIMIQUE ; DNA, Fungal - metabolism ; Fungal Proteins - biosynthesis ; Fungal Proteins - isolation &amp; purification ; Fungal Proteins - metabolism ; GENE ; GENES ; Genes, Fungal ; Genetics ; Imports ; Intracellular Membranes - metabolism ; Intracellular Membranes - ultrastructure ; MEMBRANAS CELULARES ; MEMBRANE CELLULAIRE ; Membrane proteins ; Membrane Proteins - biosynthesis ; Membrane Proteins - isolation &amp; purification ; Membrane Proteins - metabolism ; Membrane Transport Proteins ; METABOLISME DES PROTEINES ; METABOLISMO PROTEICO ; Mitochondria ; Mitochondria - metabolism ; Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins ; MITOCHONDRIE ; MITOCONDRIA ; Models, Structural ; Molecular Sequence Data ; MUTANT ; MUTANTES ; Plasmids ; Protein precursors ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; PROTEINAS ; PROTEINE ; Proteins ; Receptors ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; Respiration ; Restriction Mapping ; SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae - genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae - growth &amp; development ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae - metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; SECUENCIA NUCLEICA ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; SEQUENCE NUCLEIQUE ; VIABILIDAD ; VIABILITE ; Yeast ; Yeasts</subject><ispartof>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 1994-12, Vol.91 (25), p.11973-11977</ispartof><rights>Copyright 1994 The National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</rights><rights>Copyright National Academy of Sciences Dec 6, 1994</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c610t-661c03255d443a48d7d2e720e657a356cdb3606c7374b9804329e24bb95dc093</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Uhttp://www.pnas.org/content/91/25.cover.gif</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2366259$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/2366259$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,803,885,27924,27925,53791,53793,58017,58250</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7991567$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lithgow, T. (Universitat Basel, Basel, Switzerland)</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Junne, T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Suda, K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gratzer, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schatz, G</creatorcontrib><title>The mitochondrial outer membrane protein Mas22p is essential for protein import and viability of yeast</title><title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</title><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><description>We have cloned the gene encoding the protein Mas22p, which spans the outer membrane of yeast mitochondria. Cells that completely lack Mas22p are inviable. The plasmid-borne MAS22 gene suppresses several defects resulting from the deletion of one or more of the mitochondrial protein import receptors. Defects of Mas20p-deficient cells are explained by the reduced level of Mas22p in these mutants. Mas22p has one acidic domain in the cytosol and a second acidic domain in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. We suggest that these domains of Mas22p on either side of the outer membrane function as a relay system for transferring the basic targeting sequences of precursor proteins into the mitochondria.</description><subject>Amino Acid Sequence</subject><subject>Cell growth</subject><subject>Cells</subject><subject>Cellular biology</subject><subject>Chromosomes, Fungal</subject><subject>Cloning, Molecular</subject><subject>COMPOSICION QUIMICA</subject><subject>COMPOSITION CHIMIQUE</subject><subject>DNA, Fungal - metabolism</subject><subject>Fungal Proteins - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Fungal Proteins - isolation &amp; purification</subject><subject>Fungal Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>GENE</subject><subject>GENES</subject><subject>Genes, Fungal</subject><subject>Genetics</subject><subject>Imports</subject><subject>Intracellular Membranes - metabolism</subject><subject>Intracellular Membranes - ultrastructure</subject><subject>MEMBRANAS CELULARES</subject><subject>MEMBRANE CELLULAIRE</subject><subject>Membrane proteins</subject><subject>Membrane Proteins - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Membrane Proteins - isolation &amp; purification</subject><subject>Membrane Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Membrane Transport Proteins</subject><subject>METABOLISME DES PROTEINES</subject><subject>METABOLISMO PROTEICO</subject><subject>Mitochondria</subject><subject>Mitochondria - metabolism</subject><subject>Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins</subject><subject>MITOCHONDRIE</subject><subject>MITOCONDRIA</subject><subject>Models, Structural</subject><subject>Molecular Sequence Data</subject><subject>MUTANT</subject><subject>MUTANTES</subject><subject>Plasmids</subject><subject>Protein precursors</subject><subject>Protein Processing, Post-Translational</subject><subject>PROTEINAS</subject><subject>PROTEINE</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Receptors</subject><subject>Receptors, Cell Surface</subject><subject>Respiration</subject><subject>Restriction Mapping</subject><subject>SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE</subject><subject>Saccharomyces cerevisiae - genetics</subject><subject>Saccharomyces cerevisiae - growth &amp; development</subject><subject>Saccharomyces cerevisiae - metabolism</subject><subject>Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins</subject><subject>SECUENCIA NUCLEICA</subject><subject>Sequence Homology, Amino Acid</subject><subject>SEQUENCE NUCLEIQUE</subject><subject>VIABILIDAD</subject><subject>VIABILITE</subject><subject>Yeast</subject><subject>Yeasts</subject><issn>0027-8424</issn><issn>1091-6490</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1994</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkUtv1DAUhS0EKtPCHiEQFgvEJoPfD4lNVfGSilgwrC0ncToeJXGwnYr59zjMMKIsYHUX5ztX954DwBOM1hhJ-mYabVprvCZ8jbGW9B5YYaRxJZhG98EKISIrxQh7CM5T2iGENFfoDJxJrTEXcgW6zdbBwefQbMPYRm97GObsIhzcUEc7OjjFkJ0f4WebCJmgT9Cl5Ma8oF2IJ90PU4gZ2rGFt97Wvvd5D0MH986m_Ag86Gyf3OPjvACb9-82Vx-r6y8fPl1dXleNwChXQuAGUcJ5yxi1TLWyJU4S5ASXlnLRtDUVSDSSSlZrhRgl2hFW15q3DdL0Arw9rJ3menBtU86MtjdT9IONexOsN3eV0W_NTbg1jFOuiv3V0R7D99mlbAafGtf3JYcwJyOFUpgj8l8QCyE0IbiAL_8Cd2GOY4nAEIQJJ1rzAqED1MSQUnTd6WCMzFKzWWo2GhvCza-ai-X5n4-eDMdei_7iqC_O3-rdDa__TZhu7vvsfuSCPjugu5RDPLGECkH4EvrTg9zZYOxN9Ml8-1reUkor-hNigM51</recordid><startdate>19941206</startdate><enddate>19941206</enddate><creator>Lithgow, T. (Universitat Basel, Basel, Switzerland)</creator><creator>Junne, T</creator><creator>Suda, K</creator><creator>Gratzer, S</creator><creator>Schatz, G</creator><general>National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</general><general>National Acad Sciences</general><general>National Academy of Sciences</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19941206</creationdate><title>The mitochondrial outer membrane protein Mas22p is essential for protein import and viability of yeast</title><author>Lithgow, T. (Universitat Basel, Basel, Switzerland) ; Junne, T ; Suda, K ; Gratzer, S ; Schatz, G</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c610t-661c03255d443a48d7d2e720e657a356cdb3606c7374b9804329e24bb95dc093</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1994</creationdate><topic>Amino Acid Sequence</topic><topic>Cell growth</topic><topic>Cells</topic><topic>Cellular biology</topic><topic>Chromosomes, Fungal</topic><topic>Cloning, Molecular</topic><topic>COMPOSICION QUIMICA</topic><topic>COMPOSITION CHIMIQUE</topic><topic>DNA, Fungal - metabolism</topic><topic>Fungal Proteins - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Fungal Proteins - isolation &amp; purification</topic><topic>Fungal Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>GENE</topic><topic>GENES</topic><topic>Genes, Fungal</topic><topic>Genetics</topic><topic>Imports</topic><topic>Intracellular Membranes - metabolism</topic><topic>Intracellular Membranes - ultrastructure</topic><topic>MEMBRANAS CELULARES</topic><topic>MEMBRANE CELLULAIRE</topic><topic>Membrane proteins</topic><topic>Membrane Proteins - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Membrane Proteins - isolation &amp; purification</topic><topic>Membrane Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Membrane Transport Proteins</topic><topic>METABOLISME DES PROTEINES</topic><topic>METABOLISMO PROTEICO</topic><topic>Mitochondria</topic><topic>Mitochondria - metabolism</topic><topic>Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins</topic><topic>MITOCHONDRIE</topic><topic>MITOCONDRIA</topic><topic>Models, Structural</topic><topic>Molecular Sequence Data</topic><topic>MUTANT</topic><topic>MUTANTES</topic><topic>Plasmids</topic><topic>Protein precursors</topic><topic>Protein Processing, Post-Translational</topic><topic>PROTEINAS</topic><topic>PROTEINE</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Receptors</topic><topic>Receptors, Cell Surface</topic><topic>Respiration</topic><topic>Restriction Mapping</topic><topic>SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE</topic><topic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae - genetics</topic><topic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae - growth &amp; development</topic><topic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae - metabolism</topic><topic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins</topic><topic>SECUENCIA NUCLEICA</topic><topic>Sequence Homology, Amino Acid</topic><topic>SEQUENCE NUCLEIQUE</topic><topic>VIABILIDAD</topic><topic>VIABILITE</topic><topic>Yeast</topic><topic>Yeasts</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lithgow, T. (Universitat Basel, Basel, Switzerland)</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Junne, T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Suda, K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gratzer, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schatz, G</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Calcium &amp; Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lithgow, T. (Universitat Basel, Basel, Switzerland)</au><au>Junne, T</au><au>Suda, K</au><au>Gratzer, S</au><au>Schatz, G</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The mitochondrial outer membrane protein Mas22p is essential for protein import and viability of yeast</atitle><jtitle>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</jtitle><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><date>1994-12-06</date><risdate>1994</risdate><volume>91</volume><issue>25</issue><spage>11973</spage><epage>11977</epage><pages>11973-11977</pages><issn>0027-8424</issn><eissn>1091-6490</eissn><abstract>We have cloned the gene encoding the protein Mas22p, which spans the outer membrane of yeast mitochondria. Cells that completely lack Mas22p are inviable. The plasmid-borne MAS22 gene suppresses several defects resulting from the deletion of one or more of the mitochondrial protein import receptors. Defects of Mas20p-deficient cells are explained by the reduced level of Mas22p in these mutants. Mas22p has one acidic domain in the cytosol and a second acidic domain in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. We suggest that these domains of Mas22p on either side of the outer membrane function as a relay system for transferring the basic targeting sequences of precursor proteins into the mitochondria.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</pub><pmid>7991567</pmid><doi>10.1073/pnas.91.25.11973</doi><tpages>5</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 0027-8424
ispartof Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 1994-12, Vol.91 (25), p.11973-11977
issn 0027-8424
1091-6490
language eng
recordid cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_16669221
source MEDLINE; JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry
subjects Amino Acid Sequence
Cell growth
Cells
Cellular biology
Chromosomes, Fungal
Cloning, Molecular
COMPOSICION QUIMICA
COMPOSITION CHIMIQUE
DNA, Fungal - metabolism
Fungal Proteins - biosynthesis
Fungal Proteins - isolation & purification
Fungal Proteins - metabolism
GENE
GENES
Genes, Fungal
Genetics
Imports
Intracellular Membranes - metabolism
Intracellular Membranes - ultrastructure
MEMBRANAS CELULARES
MEMBRANE CELLULAIRE
Membrane proteins
Membrane Proteins - biosynthesis
Membrane Proteins - isolation & purification
Membrane Proteins - metabolism
Membrane Transport Proteins
METABOLISME DES PROTEINES
METABOLISMO PROTEICO
Mitochondria
Mitochondria - metabolism
Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins
MITOCHONDRIE
MITOCONDRIA
Models, Structural
Molecular Sequence Data
MUTANT
MUTANTES
Plasmids
Protein precursors
Protein Processing, Post-Translational
PROTEINAS
PROTEINE
Proteins
Receptors
Receptors, Cell Surface
Respiration
Restriction Mapping
SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE
Saccharomyces cerevisiae - genetics
Saccharomyces cerevisiae - growth & development
Saccharomyces cerevisiae - metabolism
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
SECUENCIA NUCLEICA
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
SEQUENCE NUCLEIQUE
VIABILIDAD
VIABILITE
Yeast
Yeasts
title The mitochondrial outer membrane protein Mas22p is essential for protein import and viability of yeast
url https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-03T08%3A50%3A39IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-jstor_proqu&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The%20mitochondrial%20outer%20membrane%20protein%20Mas22p%20is%20essential%20for%20protein%20import%20and%20viability%20of%20yeast&rft.jtitle=Proceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences%20-%20PNAS&rft.au=Lithgow,%20T.%20(Universitat%20Basel,%20Basel,%20Switzerland)&rft.date=1994-12-06&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=25&rft.spage=11973&rft.epage=11977&rft.pages=11973-11977&rft.issn=0027-8424&rft.eissn=1091-6490&rft_id=info:doi/10.1073/pnas.91.25.11973&rft_dat=%3Cjstor_proqu%3E2366259%3C/jstor_proqu%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=201252995&rft_id=info:pmid/7991567&rft_jstor_id=2366259&rfr_iscdi=true