Absorption and disposition of florfenicol after intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous dosing in alpacas
•Disposition of florfenicol in alpacas is similar to other species.•Florfenicol absorption in alpacas is rate limiting.•Plasma drug concentrations in alpacas are adequate for susceptible organisms.•Dosing interval may be prolonged if florfenicol is administered by extravascular route. The objectives...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Research in veterinary science 2015-04, Vol.99, p.199-203 |
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| creator | Pentecost, Rebecca L. Niehaus, Andrew J. Werle, Nicholas Lakritz, Jeffrey |
| description | •Disposition of florfenicol in alpacas is similar to other species.•Florfenicol absorption in alpacas is rate limiting.•Plasma drug concentrations in alpacas are adequate for susceptible organisms.•Dosing interval may be prolonged if florfenicol is administered by extravascular route.
The objectives of this study were to define disposition and systemic availability of florfenicol in alpacas. Administration of 20 mg/kg doses to 8 male alpacas by i.v., i.m. and s.c. routes was performed by randomized, 3-way crossover design. Clearance and steady state volumes (Vdss) after i.v. injection were 5 ml/min/kg and 775 ml/kg respectively. Mean residence time (MRT) and terminal phase half-life (T1/2λz) were 2.8 h and 2 h respectively. Maximum serum concentrations (Cmax) after i.m. were higher than s.c. administration (p = 0.034). After s.c. dosing, T1/2λz and MRT were greater than after i.m. injection (p 0.05). Serum florfenicol concentrations remained >1.0 µg/ml for 20 h after i.m. dosing. Differences in rate and extent of florfenicol absorption after extravascular dosing could influence therapeutic outcomes. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.02.006 |
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The objectives of this study were to define disposition and systemic availability of florfenicol in alpacas. Administration of 20 mg/kg doses to 8 male alpacas by i.v., i.m. and s.c. routes was performed by randomized, 3-way crossover design. Clearance and steady state volumes (Vdss) after i.v. injection were 5 ml/min/kg and 775 ml/kg respectively. Mean residence time (MRT) and terminal phase half-life (T1/2λz) were 2.8 h and 2 h respectively. Maximum serum concentrations (Cmax) after i.m. were higher than s.c. administration (p = 0.034). After s.c. dosing, T1/2λz and MRT were greater than after i.m. injection (p < 0.001; p = 0.006 respectively). Mean absorption time (MAT) after s.c. dosing was also prolonged (p = 0.006). Fractional absorption of florfenicol after i.m. and s.c. was not different (p > 0.05). Serum florfenicol concentrations remained >1.0 µg/ml for 20 h after i.m. dosing. Differences in rate and extent of florfenicol absorption after extravascular dosing could influence therapeutic outcomes.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0034-5288</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1532-2661</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.02.006</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25744433</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Absorption time ; Absorption, Physiological ; Alpacas ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents - administration & dosage ; Anti-Bacterial Agents - blood ; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacokinetics ; Bacterial infections ; Bioavailability ; Biological Availability ; Camelids, New World - metabolism ; Colleges & universities ; Cross-Over Studies ; Drug dosages ; Drug therapy ; Florfenicol ; Half-Life ; Infections ; Injections, Intramuscular - veterinary ; Injections, Intravenous - veterinary ; Injections, Subcutaneous - veterinary ; Intramuscular ; Intramuscular Absorption ; Intravenous ; Male ; Pharmacokinetics ; Subcutaneous ; Subcutaneous Absorption ; Thiamphenicol - administration & dosage ; Thiamphenicol - analogs & derivatives ; Thiamphenicol - blood ; Thiamphenicol - pharmacokinetics ; Veterinary medicine</subject><ispartof>Research in veterinary science, 2015-04, Vol.99, p.199-203</ispartof><rights>2015 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier Limited Apr 2015</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c384t-96795a3e6cb01af1935529912838544a231c00da7420fa082bb034037e1aa6dd3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c384t-96795a3e6cb01af1935529912838544a231c00da7420fa082bb034037e1aa6dd3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2143-0416 ; 0000-0002-0642-9516</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.02.006$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25744433$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Pentecost, Rebecca L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Niehaus, Andrew J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Werle, Nicholas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lakritz, Jeffrey</creatorcontrib><title>Absorption and disposition of florfenicol after intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous dosing in alpacas</title><title>Research in veterinary science</title><addtitle>Res Vet Sci</addtitle><description>•Disposition of florfenicol in alpacas is similar to other species.•Florfenicol absorption in alpacas is rate limiting.•Plasma drug concentrations in alpacas are adequate for susceptible organisms.•Dosing interval may be prolonged if florfenicol is administered by extravascular route.
The objectives of this study were to define disposition and systemic availability of florfenicol in alpacas. Administration of 20 mg/kg doses to 8 male alpacas by i.v., i.m. and s.c. routes was performed by randomized, 3-way crossover design. Clearance and steady state volumes (Vdss) after i.v. injection were 5 ml/min/kg and 775 ml/kg respectively. Mean residence time (MRT) and terminal phase half-life (T1/2λz) were 2.8 h and 2 h respectively. Maximum serum concentrations (Cmax) after i.m. were higher than s.c. administration (p = 0.034). After s.c. dosing, T1/2λz and MRT were greater than after i.m. injection (p < 0.001; p = 0.006 respectively). Mean absorption time (MAT) after s.c. dosing was also prolonged (p = 0.006). Fractional absorption of florfenicol after i.m. and s.c. was not different (p > 0.05). Serum florfenicol concentrations remained >1.0 µg/ml for 20 h after i.m. dosing. Differences in rate and extent of florfenicol absorption after extravascular dosing could influence therapeutic outcomes.</description><subject>Absorption time</subject><subject>Absorption, Physiological</subject><subject>Alpacas</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Anti-Bacterial Agents - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Anti-Bacterial Agents - blood</subject><subject>Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacokinetics</subject><subject>Bacterial infections</subject><subject>Bioavailability</subject><subject>Biological Availability</subject><subject>Camelids, New World - metabolism</subject><subject>Colleges & universities</subject><subject>Cross-Over Studies</subject><subject>Drug dosages</subject><subject>Drug therapy</subject><subject>Florfenicol</subject><subject>Half-Life</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Injections, Intramuscular - veterinary</subject><subject>Injections, Intravenous - veterinary</subject><subject>Injections, Subcutaneous - veterinary</subject><subject>Intramuscular</subject><subject>Intramuscular Absorption</subject><subject>Intravenous</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Pharmacokinetics</subject><subject>Subcutaneous</subject><subject>Subcutaneous Absorption</subject><subject>Thiamphenicol - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Thiamphenicol - analogs & derivatives</subject><subject>Thiamphenicol - blood</subject><subject>Thiamphenicol - pharmacokinetics</subject><subject>Veterinary medicine</subject><issn>0034-5288</issn><issn>1532-2661</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kc1u1TAQhS1ERS-FF2CBIrFhQcL4N4nEpqpaqFSJDaytie0gXyV2sJMr8fb4NoUFC1aj0XznaGYOIW8oNBSo-nhs0imbhgGVDbAGQD0jByo5q5lS9Dk5AHBRS9Z1l-RlzkcAEJS2L8glk60QgvMDma-HHNOy-hgqDLayPi8x-8c-jtU4xTS64E2cKhxXlyof1oQnF-KWP-zNvGWzTZge9XkbzLZicGVe2eIUfhSqwmlBg_kVuRhxyu71U70i3-9uv918qR--fr6_uX6oDe_EWveq7SVyp8wAFEfacylZ31PW8U4KgYxTA2CxFQxGhI4NQ7kUeOsoorKWX5H3u--S4s_N5VXPPhs3TftimiqlWC9aJQv67h_0GLcUynZnSnTAqWKFYjtlUsw5uVEvyc-YfmkK-hyGPupzGPochgamSxhF9PbJehtmZ_9K_ny_AJ92wJVfnLxLOhvvgnHWJ2dWbaP_n_9vyH2blg</recordid><startdate>201504</startdate><enddate>201504</enddate><creator>Pentecost, Rebecca L.</creator><creator>Niehaus, Andrew J.</creator><creator>Werle, Nicholas</creator><creator>Lakritz, Jeffrey</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier Limited</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2143-0416</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0642-9516</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201504</creationdate><title>Absorption and disposition of florfenicol after intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous dosing in alpacas</title><author>Pentecost, Rebecca L. ; Niehaus, Andrew J. ; Werle, Nicholas ; Lakritz, Jeffrey</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c384t-96795a3e6cb01af1935529912838544a231c00da7420fa082bb034037e1aa6dd3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Absorption time</topic><topic>Absorption, Physiological</topic><topic>Alpacas</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Anti-Bacterial Agents - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Anti-Bacterial Agents - blood</topic><topic>Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacokinetics</topic><topic>Bacterial infections</topic><topic>Bioavailability</topic><topic>Biological Availability</topic><topic>Camelids, New World - metabolism</topic><topic>Colleges & universities</topic><topic>Cross-Over Studies</topic><topic>Drug dosages</topic><topic>Drug therapy</topic><topic>Florfenicol</topic><topic>Half-Life</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Injections, Intramuscular - veterinary</topic><topic>Injections, Intravenous - veterinary</topic><topic>Injections, Subcutaneous - veterinary</topic><topic>Intramuscular</topic><topic>Intramuscular Absorption</topic><topic>Intravenous</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Pharmacokinetics</topic><topic>Subcutaneous</topic><topic>Subcutaneous Absorption</topic><topic>Thiamphenicol - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Thiamphenicol - analogs & derivatives</topic><topic>Thiamphenicol - blood</topic><topic>Thiamphenicol - pharmacokinetics</topic><topic>Veterinary medicine</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Pentecost, Rebecca L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Niehaus, Andrew J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Werle, Nicholas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lakritz, Jeffrey</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Research in veterinary science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Pentecost, Rebecca L.</au><au>Niehaus, Andrew J.</au><au>Werle, Nicholas</au><au>Lakritz, Jeffrey</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Absorption and disposition of florfenicol after intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous dosing in alpacas</atitle><jtitle>Research in veterinary science</jtitle><addtitle>Res Vet Sci</addtitle><date>2015-04</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>99</volume><spage>199</spage><epage>203</epage><pages>199-203</pages><issn>0034-5288</issn><eissn>1532-2661</eissn><abstract>•Disposition of florfenicol in alpacas is similar to other species.•Florfenicol absorption in alpacas is rate limiting.•Plasma drug concentrations in alpacas are adequate for susceptible organisms.•Dosing interval may be prolonged if florfenicol is administered by extravascular route.
The objectives of this study were to define disposition and systemic availability of florfenicol in alpacas. Administration of 20 mg/kg doses to 8 male alpacas by i.v., i.m. and s.c. routes was performed by randomized, 3-way crossover design. Clearance and steady state volumes (Vdss) after i.v. injection were 5 ml/min/kg and 775 ml/kg respectively. Mean residence time (MRT) and terminal phase half-life (T1/2λz) were 2.8 h and 2 h respectively. Maximum serum concentrations (Cmax) after i.m. were higher than s.c. administration (p = 0.034). After s.c. dosing, T1/2λz and MRT were greater than after i.m. injection (p < 0.001; p = 0.006 respectively). Mean absorption time (MAT) after s.c. dosing was also prolonged (p = 0.006). Fractional absorption of florfenicol after i.m. and s.c. was not different (p > 0.05). Serum florfenicol concentrations remained >1.0 µg/ml for 20 h after i.m. dosing. Differences in rate and extent of florfenicol absorption after extravascular dosing could influence therapeutic outcomes.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>25744433</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.02.006</doi><tpages>5</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2143-0416</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0642-9516</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Absorption time Absorption, Physiological Alpacas Animals Anti-Bacterial Agents - administration & dosage Anti-Bacterial Agents - blood Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacokinetics Bacterial infections Bioavailability Biological Availability Camelids, New World - metabolism Colleges & universities Cross-Over Studies Drug dosages Drug therapy Florfenicol Half-Life Infections Injections, Intramuscular - veterinary Injections, Intravenous - veterinary Injections, Subcutaneous - veterinary Intramuscular Intramuscular Absorption Intravenous Male Pharmacokinetics Subcutaneous Subcutaneous Absorption Thiamphenicol - administration & dosage Thiamphenicol - analogs & derivatives Thiamphenicol - blood Thiamphenicol - pharmacokinetics Veterinary medicine |
| title | Absorption and disposition of florfenicol after intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous dosing in alpacas |
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