Effects of patulin on postimplantation rat embryos
Patulin (PAT), a highly toxic, carcinogenic, heterocyclic lactone is produced by a variety of fungal species, including Penicillium and Aspergillus. This compound has been isolated from various apple products and is stable in apple and grape juice and dry corn. It has been reported to be cytotoxic a...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 1993-08, Vol.25 (2), p.267-270 |
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creator | Smith, E.E. (Prairie View AandM University, Prairie View, TX) Duffus, E.A Small, M.H |
description | Patulin (PAT), a highly toxic, carcinogenic, heterocyclic lactone is produced by a variety of fungal species, including Penicillium and Aspergillus. This compound has been isolated from various apple products and is stable in apple and grape juice and dry corn. It has been reported to be cytotoxic and to exert adverse influence on development in vivo in mice and merits further study and evaluation. In this study, whole rate embryo culture (WEC) was used to determine the teratogenic potential of PAT in vitro. Embryos were exposed to PAT-treated (0.00-62 microM) rat serum for 45 h. The embryos that were exposed to 62 microM PAT were not evaluated because they did not survive beyond 40 h of incubation. The results indicate that PAT induced a statistically significant reduction in protein and DNA content, yolk sac diameter, crown rump length, and somite number count. Patulin treatment also resulted in an increase in the frequency of defective embryos. Anomalies included growth retardation, hypoplasia of the mesencephalon and telencephalon, and hyperplasia and/or blisters of the mandibular process. Thus, the data from the present study provide further evidence supporting the conclusion that the whole rat embryo assay is a rapid and sensitive in vitro method that can be employed to pre-screen developmentally toxic mycotoxins. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/BF00212140 |
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(Prairie View AandM University, Prairie View, TX) ; Duffus, E.A ; Small, M.H</creator><creatorcontrib>Smith, E.E. (Prairie View AandM University, Prairie View, TX) ; Duffus, E.A ; Small, M.H</creatorcontrib><description>Patulin (PAT), a highly toxic, carcinogenic, heterocyclic lactone is produced by a variety of fungal species, including Penicillium and Aspergillus. This compound has been isolated from various apple products and is stable in apple and grape juice and dry corn. It has been reported to be cytotoxic and to exert adverse influence on development in vivo in mice and merits further study and evaluation. In this study, whole rate embryo culture (WEC) was used to determine the teratogenic potential of PAT in vitro. Embryos were exposed to PAT-treated (0.00-62 microM) rat serum for 45 h. The embryos that were exposed to 62 microM PAT were not evaluated because they did not survive beyond 40 h of incubation. The results indicate that PAT induced a statistically significant reduction in protein and DNA content, yolk sac diameter, crown rump length, and somite number count. Patulin treatment also resulted in an increase in the frequency of defective embryos. Anomalies included growth retardation, hypoplasia of the mesencephalon and telencephalon, and hyperplasia and/or blisters of the mandibular process. Thus, the data from the present study provide further evidence supporting the conclusion that the whole rat embryo assay is a rapid and sensitive in vitro method that can be employed to pre-screen developmentally toxic mycotoxins.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0090-4341</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-0703</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/BF00212140</identifier><identifier>PMID: 8368869</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AECTCV</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag</publisher><subject>Animals ; ASPERGILLUS ; Biological and medical sciences ; Culture Techniques ; DNA - analysis ; Embryo, Mammalian - abnormalities ; Embryo, Mammalian - chemistry ; Embryo, Mammalian - drug effects ; Embryonic Development ; Female ; Medical sciences ; PATULIN ; Patulin - toxicity ; PATULINA ; PATULINE ; PENICILLIUM ; Plant poisons toxicology ; Pregnancy ; Proteins - analysis ; RAT ; RATA ; RATS ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Toxicology</subject><ispartof>Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology, 1993-08, Vol.25 (2), p.267-270</ispartof><rights>1993 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c392t-2209b47d94d4058813f2aaa2e985c21ece7cb597abeb26a4d142312bee929bc43</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=4860914$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8368869$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Smith, E.E. (Prairie View AandM University, Prairie View, TX)</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duffus, E.A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Small, M.H</creatorcontrib><title>Effects of patulin on postimplantation rat embryos</title><title>Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology</title><addtitle>Arch Environ Contam Toxicol</addtitle><description>Patulin (PAT), a highly toxic, carcinogenic, heterocyclic lactone is produced by a variety of fungal species, including Penicillium and Aspergillus. This compound has been isolated from various apple products and is stable in apple and grape juice and dry corn. It has been reported to be cytotoxic and to exert adverse influence on development in vivo in mice and merits further study and evaluation. In this study, whole rate embryo culture (WEC) was used to determine the teratogenic potential of PAT in vitro. Embryos were exposed to PAT-treated (0.00-62 microM) rat serum for 45 h. The embryos that were exposed to 62 microM PAT were not evaluated because they did not survive beyond 40 h of incubation. The results indicate that PAT induced a statistically significant reduction in protein and DNA content, yolk sac diameter, crown rump length, and somite number count. Patulin treatment also resulted in an increase in the frequency of defective embryos. Anomalies included growth retardation, hypoplasia of the mesencephalon and telencephalon, and hyperplasia and/or blisters of the mandibular process. Thus, the data from the present study provide further evidence supporting the conclusion that the whole rat embryo assay is a rapid and sensitive in vitro method that can be employed to pre-screen developmentally toxic mycotoxins.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>ASPERGILLUS</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Culture Techniques</subject><subject>DNA - analysis</subject><subject>Embryo, Mammalian - abnormalities</subject><subject>Embryo, Mammalian - chemistry</subject><subject>Embryo, Mammalian - drug effects</subject><subject>Embryonic Development</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>PATULIN</subject><subject>Patulin - toxicity</subject><subject>PATULINA</subject><subject>PATULINE</subject><subject>PENICILLIUM</subject><subject>Plant poisons toxicology</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Proteins - analysis</subject><subject>RAT</subject><subject>RATA</subject><subject>RATS</subject><subject>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</subject><subject>Toxicology</subject><issn>0090-4341</issn><issn>1432-0703</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1993</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0M9LwzAUB_AgypzTi0dB6EE8CNWXl6xNjjrmDxh40J1LkiZSaZeatIf993aszKOnB-99eLz3JeSSwj0FyB-engGQIuVwRKaUM0whB3ZMpgASUs44PSVnMX4DUBSCT8hEsEyITE4JLp2zpouJd0mrur6uNonfJK2PXdW0tdp0qquGRlBdYhsdtj6ekxOn6mgvxjoj6-fl5-I1Xb2_vC0eV6lhErsUEaTmeSl5yWEuBGUOlVJopZgbpNbY3Oi5zJW2GjPFS8qRUdTWSpTacDYjt_u9bfA_vY1d0VTR2Ho4yvo-FjTLeI6S_Q85o4IJHODdHprgYwzWFW2oGhW2BYVil2Txl-SAr8etvW5seaBjdMP8ZpyraFTtgtqYKh4YFxlIuvvias-c8oX6CgNZf0hOQUpgvx8dgQc</recordid><startdate>19930801</startdate><enddate>19930801</enddate><creator>Smith, E.E. 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(Prairie View AandM University, Prairie View, TX) ; Duffus, E.A ; Small, M.H</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c392t-2209b47d94d4058813f2aaa2e985c21ece7cb597abeb26a4d142312bee929bc43</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1993</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>ASPERGILLUS</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Culture Techniques</topic><topic>DNA - analysis</topic><topic>Embryo, Mammalian - abnormalities</topic><topic>Embryo, Mammalian - chemistry</topic><topic>Embryo, Mammalian - drug effects</topic><topic>Embryonic Development</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>PATULIN</topic><topic>Patulin - toxicity</topic><topic>PATULINA</topic><topic>PATULINE</topic><topic>PENICILLIUM</topic><topic>Plant poisons toxicology</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>Proteins - analysis</topic><topic>RAT</topic><topic>RATA</topic><topic>RATS</topic><topic>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</topic><topic>Toxicology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Smith, E.E. (Prairie View AandM University, Prairie View, TX)</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duffus, E.A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Small, M.H</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><jtitle>Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Smith, E.E. (Prairie View AandM University, Prairie View, TX)</au><au>Duffus, E.A</au><au>Small, M.H</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effects of patulin on postimplantation rat embryos</atitle><jtitle>Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology</jtitle><addtitle>Arch Environ Contam Toxicol</addtitle><date>1993-08-01</date><risdate>1993</risdate><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>267</spage><epage>270</epage><pages>267-270</pages><issn>0090-4341</issn><eissn>1432-0703</eissn><coden>AECTCV</coden><abstract>Patulin (PAT), a highly toxic, carcinogenic, heterocyclic lactone is produced by a variety of fungal species, including Penicillium and Aspergillus. This compound has been isolated from various apple products and is stable in apple and grape juice and dry corn. It has been reported to be cytotoxic and to exert adverse influence on development in vivo in mice and merits further study and evaluation. In this study, whole rate embryo culture (WEC) was used to determine the teratogenic potential of PAT in vitro. Embryos were exposed to PAT-treated (0.00-62 microM) rat serum for 45 h. The embryos that were exposed to 62 microM PAT were not evaluated because they did not survive beyond 40 h of incubation. The results indicate that PAT induced a statistically significant reduction in protein and DNA content, yolk sac diameter, crown rump length, and somite number count. Patulin treatment also resulted in an increase in the frequency of defective embryos. Anomalies included growth retardation, hypoplasia of the mesencephalon and telencephalon, and hyperplasia and/or blisters of the mandibular process. Thus, the data from the present study provide further evidence supporting the conclusion that the whole rat embryo assay is a rapid and sensitive in vitro method that can be employed to pre-screen developmentally toxic mycotoxins.</abstract><cop>Heidelberg</cop><cop>Berlin</cop><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>Springer-Verlag</pub><pmid>8368869</pmid><doi>10.1007/BF00212140</doi><tpages>4</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Animals ASPERGILLUS Biological and medical sciences Culture Techniques DNA - analysis Embryo, Mammalian - abnormalities Embryo, Mammalian - chemistry Embryo, Mammalian - drug effects Embryonic Development Female Medical sciences PATULIN Patulin - toxicity PATULINA PATULINE PENICILLIUM Plant poisons toxicology Pregnancy Proteins - analysis RAT RATA RATS Rats, Sprague-Dawley Toxicology |
title | Effects of patulin on postimplantation rat embryos |
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