Immune responses to airborne fungi and non-invasive airway diseases

Inhalation of fungal particles is a ubiquitous way of exposure to microorganisms during human life; however, this exposure may promote or exacerbate respiratory diseases only in particular exposure conditions and human genetic background. Depending on the fungal species and form, fungal particles ca...

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Veröffentlicht in:Seminars in immunopathology 2015-03, Vol.37 (2), p.83-96
Hauptverfasser: Vacher, Gaëlle, Niculita-Hirzel, Hélène, Roger, Thierry
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Niculita-Hirzel, Hélène
Roger, Thierry
description Inhalation of fungal particles is a ubiquitous way of exposure to microorganisms during human life; however, this exposure may promote or exacerbate respiratory diseases only in particular exposure conditions and human genetic background. Depending on the fungal species and form, fungal particles can induce symptoms in the lung by acting as irritants, aeroallergens or pathogens causing infection. Some thermophilic species can even act in all these three ways (e.g. Aspergillus , Penicillium ), mesophilic species being only involved in allergic and/or non-allergic airway diseases (e.g. Cladosporium , Alternaria , Fusarium ). The goal of the present review is to present the current knowledge on the interaction between airborne fungal particles and the host immune system, to illustrate the differences of immune sensing of different fungal species and to emphasise the importance of conducting research on non-conventional mesophilic fungal species. Indeed, the diversity of fungal species we inhale and the complexity of their composition have a direct impact on fungal particle recognition and immune system decision to tolerate or respond to those particles, eventually leading to collateral damages promoting airway pathologies.
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subjects Allergens - immunology
Alternaria
Antigens, Fungal - immunology
Aspergillus
Asthma
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cladosporium
Cytokines
Fungi
Fungi - immunology
Fungi - metabolism
Fusarium
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Genetic Variation
Host-Pathogen Interactions - genetics
Host-Pathogen Interactions - immunology
Humans
Hypersensitivity - immunology
Hypersensitivity - microbiology
Immune system
Immunology
Internal Medicine
Microorganisms
Mycoses - genetics
Mycoses - immunology
Mycoses - transmission
Pathogens
Penicillium
Respiratory diseases
Respiratory Tract Infections - genetics
Respiratory Tract Infections - immunology
Respiratory Tract Infections - microbiology
Respiratory Tract Infections - transmission
Review
Risk Factors
title Immune responses to airborne fungi and non-invasive airway diseases
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