Occurrence of Halogenated Transformation Products of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Secondary and Tertiary Treated Wastewaters from Southern California
Final effluent samples from 10 southern California (United States) wastewater treatment facilities, employing four distinct treatment schemes, were surveyed for selected pharmaceuticals, personal care products (PPCPs), alkylphenols, and 21 of their halogenated disinfection byproducts. Chlorinated an...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental science & technology 2015-02, Vol.49 (4), p.2044-2051 |
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| creator | Bulloch, Daryl N Nelson, Eric D Carr, Steve A Wissman, Chris R Armstrong, Jeffrey L Schlenk, Daniel Larive, Cynthia K |
| description | Final effluent samples from 10 southern California (United States) wastewater treatment facilities, employing four distinct treatment schemes, were surveyed for selected pharmaceuticals, personal care products (PPCPs), alkylphenols, and 21 of their halogenated disinfection byproducts. Chlorinated and brominated standards and isotopically labeled internal standards were synthesized and purified to confirm and more accurately quantify selected disinfection byproducts of salicylic acid, bisphenol A, gemfibrozil, naproxen, diclofenac, technical 4-nonylphenol, and 4-tert-octylphenol using high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Concentrations of parent compounds ranged from |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1021/es504565n |
| format | Article |
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Chlorinated and brominated standards and isotopically labeled internal standards were synthesized and purified to confirm and more accurately quantify selected disinfection byproducts of salicylic acid, bisphenol A, gemfibrozil, naproxen, diclofenac, technical 4-nonylphenol, and 4-tert-octylphenol using high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Concentrations of parent compounds ranged from <10 to 3830 ng/L (gemfibrozil), and those of chloro/bromo byproducts ranged from <4 to 370 ng/L (dibromo nonylphenol). The highest concentrations of parent compounds were measured in effluent that was not subjected to tertiary treatment. The chlorinated and brominated byproduct concentration may be affected by the influent concentration of parent compounds, hydraulic retention times, and chlorine contact times. Salicylic acid was readily halogenated, which is evident from the ratio of halogenated to nonhalogenated species. There were no measured chlorinated byproducts of bisphenol A despite occasionally high concentrations of the parent compound. Not surprisingly, higher concentrations of most brominated species were measured in the treatment plant with the highest bromide concentrations. These results demonstrate the occurrence of novel halogenated byproducts of PPCPs that have limited toxicological data and significant uncertainty with regard to their risk to ecological systems.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0013-936X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-5851</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1021/es504565n</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25611547</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ESTHAG</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Chemical Society</publisher><subject>Benzhydryl Compounds - analysis ; Bisphenol A ; By products ; California ; Chemical compounds ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Cosmetics - analysis ; Effluents ; Environmental Monitoring ; Halogenation ; Mass spectrometry ; Personal care industry ; Personal grooming ; Pharmaceutical Preparations - analysis ; Pharmaceuticals ; Phenols - analysis ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Toxicology ; Waste Water - chemistry ; Water Pollutants - analysis ; Water Purification - methods</subject><ispartof>Environmental science & technology, 2015-02, Vol.49 (4), p.2044-2051</ispartof><rights>Copyright American Chemical Society Feb 17, 2015</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a413t-ace690373ec37d4aebeb899e3719188c936bc3913e1916383d240b4622af88df3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a413t-ace690373ec37d4aebeb899e3719188c936bc3913e1916383d240b4622af88df3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/es504565n$$EPDF$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es504565n$$EHTML$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,2752,27055,27903,27904,56716,56766</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25611547$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Bulloch, Daryl N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nelson, Eric D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carr, Steve A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wissman, Chris R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Armstrong, Jeffrey L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schlenk, Daniel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Larive, Cynthia K</creatorcontrib><title>Occurrence of Halogenated Transformation Products of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Secondary and Tertiary Treated Wastewaters from Southern California</title><title>Environmental science & technology</title><addtitle>Environ. Sci. Technol</addtitle><description>Final effluent samples from 10 southern California (United States) wastewater treatment facilities, employing four distinct treatment schemes, were surveyed for selected pharmaceuticals, personal care products (PPCPs), alkylphenols, and 21 of their halogenated disinfection byproducts. Chlorinated and brominated standards and isotopically labeled internal standards were synthesized and purified to confirm and more accurately quantify selected disinfection byproducts of salicylic acid, bisphenol A, gemfibrozil, naproxen, diclofenac, technical 4-nonylphenol, and 4-tert-octylphenol using high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Concentrations of parent compounds ranged from <10 to 3830 ng/L (gemfibrozil), and those of chloro/bromo byproducts ranged from <4 to 370 ng/L (dibromo nonylphenol). The highest concentrations of parent compounds were measured in effluent that was not subjected to tertiary treatment. The chlorinated and brominated byproduct concentration may be affected by the influent concentration of parent compounds, hydraulic retention times, and chlorine contact times. Salicylic acid was readily halogenated, which is evident from the ratio of halogenated to nonhalogenated species. There were no measured chlorinated byproducts of bisphenol A despite occasionally high concentrations of the parent compound. Not surprisingly, higher concentrations of most brominated species were measured in the treatment plant with the highest bromide concentrations. These results demonstrate the occurrence of novel halogenated byproducts of PPCPs that have limited toxicological data and significant uncertainty with regard to their risk to ecological systems.</description><subject>Benzhydryl Compounds - analysis</subject><subject>Bisphenol A</subject><subject>By products</subject><subject>California</subject><subject>Chemical compounds</subject><subject>Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid</subject><subject>Cosmetics - analysis</subject><subject>Effluents</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring</subject><subject>Halogenation</subject><subject>Mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Personal care industry</subject><subject>Personal grooming</subject><subject>Pharmaceutical Preparations - analysis</subject><subject>Pharmaceuticals</subject><subject>Phenols - analysis</subject><subject>Tandem Mass Spectrometry</subject><subject>Toxicology</subject><subject>Waste Water - chemistry</subject><subject>Water Pollutants - analysis</subject><subject>Water Purification - methods</subject><issn>0013-936X</issn><issn>1520-5851</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNplkcFO3DAQhq0KVLbQQ1-gioQqtYeAHceOc6xWpVRCAolFcIsmzqQEJTYdO6r6VH1FHJZC1V5sj_3N_49nGHsn-JHghTjGoHiptHKv2EqogufKKLHDVpwLmddS3-yxNyHccc4Lyc1rtlcoLYQqqxX7fW7tTITOYub77BRG_x0dROyyDYELvacJ4uBddkG-m20MC3aJI9qFubiF9G5xjoOFMWTg0h1S8A7GbA2EL2mDS2nWuw7o1yO3QYrDEmwIHw2vIUT8mY4Usp78lF36Od4iuaQ0DqkSN8AB2-2TEb592vfZ1cmXzfo0Pzv_-m39-SyHUsiYp5J0zWUl0cqqKwFbbE1do6xELYyxqSmtlbWQmGItjeyKkrelLgrojel6uc8-bnXvyf-YMcRmGoLFcQSHfg6N0LoseGVKntDDf9A7P1NqwEIpw3VaqkR92lKWfAiEfXNPw5S-3wjeLFNsnqeY2PdPinM7YfdM_hlbAj5sAbDhL7f_hB4Aw3Ommw</recordid><startdate>20150217</startdate><enddate>20150217</enddate><creator>Bulloch, Daryl N</creator><creator>Nelson, Eric D</creator><creator>Carr, Steve A</creator><creator>Wissman, Chris R</creator><creator>Armstrong, Jeffrey L</creator><creator>Schlenk, Daniel</creator><creator>Larive, Cynthia K</creator><general>American Chemical Society</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7U1</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>L.G</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150217</creationdate><title>Occurrence of Halogenated Transformation Products of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Secondary and Tertiary Treated Wastewaters from Southern California</title><author>Bulloch, Daryl N ; Nelson, Eric D ; Carr, Steve A ; Wissman, Chris R ; Armstrong, Jeffrey L ; Schlenk, Daniel ; Larive, Cynthia K</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a413t-ace690373ec37d4aebeb899e3719188c936bc3913e1916383d240b4622af88df3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Benzhydryl Compounds - analysis</topic><topic>Bisphenol A</topic><topic>By products</topic><topic>California</topic><topic>Chemical compounds</topic><topic>Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid</topic><topic>Cosmetics - analysis</topic><topic>Effluents</topic><topic>Environmental Monitoring</topic><topic>Halogenation</topic><topic>Mass spectrometry</topic><topic>Personal care industry</topic><topic>Personal grooming</topic><topic>Pharmaceutical Preparations - analysis</topic><topic>Pharmaceuticals</topic><topic>Phenols - analysis</topic><topic>Tandem Mass Spectrometry</topic><topic>Toxicology</topic><topic>Waste Water - chemistry</topic><topic>Water Pollutants - analysis</topic><topic>Water Purification - methods</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Bulloch, Daryl N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nelson, Eric D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carr, Steve A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wissman, Chris R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Armstrong, Jeffrey L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schlenk, Daniel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Larive, Cynthia K</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Risk Abstracts</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><jtitle>Environmental science & technology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Bulloch, Daryl N</au><au>Nelson, Eric D</au><au>Carr, Steve A</au><au>Wissman, Chris R</au><au>Armstrong, Jeffrey L</au><au>Schlenk, Daniel</au><au>Larive, Cynthia K</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Occurrence of Halogenated Transformation Products of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Secondary and Tertiary Treated Wastewaters from Southern California</atitle><jtitle>Environmental science & technology</jtitle><addtitle>Environ. Sci. Technol</addtitle><date>2015-02-17</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>49</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>2044</spage><epage>2051</epage><pages>2044-2051</pages><issn>0013-936X</issn><eissn>1520-5851</eissn><coden>ESTHAG</coden><abstract>Final effluent samples from 10 southern California (United States) wastewater treatment facilities, employing four distinct treatment schemes, were surveyed for selected pharmaceuticals, personal care products (PPCPs), alkylphenols, and 21 of their halogenated disinfection byproducts. Chlorinated and brominated standards and isotopically labeled internal standards were synthesized and purified to confirm and more accurately quantify selected disinfection byproducts of salicylic acid, bisphenol A, gemfibrozil, naproxen, diclofenac, technical 4-nonylphenol, and 4-tert-octylphenol using high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Concentrations of parent compounds ranged from <10 to 3830 ng/L (gemfibrozil), and those of chloro/bromo byproducts ranged from <4 to 370 ng/L (dibromo nonylphenol). The highest concentrations of parent compounds were measured in effluent that was not subjected to tertiary treatment. The chlorinated and brominated byproduct concentration may be affected by the influent concentration of parent compounds, hydraulic retention times, and chlorine contact times. Salicylic acid was readily halogenated, which is evident from the ratio of halogenated to nonhalogenated species. There were no measured chlorinated byproducts of bisphenol A despite occasionally high concentrations of the parent compound. Not surprisingly, higher concentrations of most brominated species were measured in the treatment plant with the highest bromide concentrations. These results demonstrate the occurrence of novel halogenated byproducts of PPCPs that have limited toxicological data and significant uncertainty with regard to their risk to ecological systems.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Chemical Society</pub><pmid>25611547</pmid><doi>10.1021/es504565n</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Environmental science & technology, 2015-02, Vol.49 (4), p.2044-2051 |
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| source | MEDLINE; ACS Journals: American Chemical Society Web Editions |
| subjects | Benzhydryl Compounds - analysis Bisphenol A By products California Chemical compounds Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid Cosmetics - analysis Effluents Environmental Monitoring Halogenation Mass spectrometry Personal care industry Personal grooming Pharmaceutical Preparations - analysis Pharmaceuticals Phenols - analysis Tandem Mass Spectrometry Toxicology Waste Water - chemistry Water Pollutants - analysis Water Purification - methods |
| title | Occurrence of Halogenated Transformation Products of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Secondary and Tertiary Treated Wastewaters from Southern California |
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