Immune dysfunction and chronic inflammation following spinal cord injury
Study design: Review article. Objectives: The objective of this study is to provide an overview of the many factors that contribute to the chronic inflammatory state typically observed following spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods: Literature review. Results: Not applicable. Conclusion: SCI is typical...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Spinal cord 2015-01, Vol.53 (1), p.14-18 |
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| creator | Allison, D J Ditor, D S |
| description | Study design:
Review article.
Objectives:
The objective of this study is to provide an overview of the many factors that contribute to the chronic inflammatory state typically observed following spinal cord injury (SCI).
Methods:
Literature review.
Results:
Not applicable.
Conclusion:
SCI is typically characterized by a low-grade inflammatory state due to a number of factors. As bidirectional communication exists between the nervous, endocrine and immune systems, damage to the spinal cord may translate into both endocrinal and immune impairment. Damage to the autonomic nervous system may induce immune dysfunction directly, through the loss of neural innervation of lymphoid organs, or indirectly by inducing endocrinal impairment. In addition, damage to the somatic nervous system and the corresponding loss of motor and sensory function increases the likelihood of developing a number of secondary health complications and metabolic disorders associated with a state of inflammation. Lastly, numerous related disorders associated with a state of chronic inflammation have been found to be at a substantially higher prevalence following SCI. Together, such factors help explain the chronic inflammatory state and immune impairment typically observed following SCI. An understanding of the interactions between systems, both in health and disease, and the many causes of chronic inflammation may aid in the effective future treatment of immune dysfunction and related disorders following SCI. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/sc.2014.184 |
| format | Article |
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Review article.
Objectives:
The objective of this study is to provide an overview of the many factors that contribute to the chronic inflammatory state typically observed following spinal cord injury (SCI).
Methods:
Literature review.
Results:
Not applicable.
Conclusion:
SCI is typically characterized by a low-grade inflammatory state due to a number of factors. As bidirectional communication exists between the nervous, endocrine and immune systems, damage to the spinal cord may translate into both endocrinal and immune impairment. Damage to the autonomic nervous system may induce immune dysfunction directly, through the loss of neural innervation of lymphoid organs, or indirectly by inducing endocrinal impairment. In addition, damage to the somatic nervous system and the corresponding loss of motor and sensory function increases the likelihood of developing a number of secondary health complications and metabolic disorders associated with a state of inflammation. Lastly, numerous related disorders associated with a state of chronic inflammation have been found to be at a substantially higher prevalence following SCI. Together, such factors help explain the chronic inflammatory state and immune impairment typically observed following SCI. An understanding of the interactions between systems, both in health and disease, and the many causes of chronic inflammation may aid in the effective future treatment of immune dysfunction and related disorders following SCI.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1362-4393</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-5624</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/sc.2014.184</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25366531</identifier><identifier>CODEN: SPCOFM</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>631/250/256 ; Anatomy ; Animals ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biomedicine ; Databases, Bibliographic - statistics & numerical data ; Human Physiology ; Humans ; Immune System Diseases - etiology ; Inflammation - etiology ; Neurochemistry ; Neuropsychology ; Neurosciences ; review ; Spinal Cord Injuries - complications</subject><ispartof>Spinal cord, 2015-01, Vol.53 (1), p.14-18</ispartof><rights>International Spinal Cord Society 2015</rights><rights>Copyright Nature Publishing Group Jan 2015</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c424t-e8118e15cbf539fc43ed295f748474c1b39988f80d1a6bc348e834f2b3afb5893</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c424t-e8118e15cbf539fc43ed295f748474c1b39988f80d1a6bc348e834f2b3afb5893</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1038/sc.2014.184$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1038/sc.2014.184$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25366531$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Allison, D J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ditor, D S</creatorcontrib><title>Immune dysfunction and chronic inflammation following spinal cord injury</title><title>Spinal cord</title><addtitle>Spinal Cord</addtitle><addtitle>Spinal Cord</addtitle><description>Study design:
Review article.
Objectives:
The objective of this study is to provide an overview of the many factors that contribute to the chronic inflammatory state typically observed following spinal cord injury (SCI).
Methods:
Literature review.
Results:
Not applicable.
Conclusion:
SCI is typically characterized by a low-grade inflammatory state due to a number of factors. As bidirectional communication exists between the nervous, endocrine and immune systems, damage to the spinal cord may translate into both endocrinal and immune impairment. Damage to the autonomic nervous system may induce immune dysfunction directly, through the loss of neural innervation of lymphoid organs, or indirectly by inducing endocrinal impairment. In addition, damage to the somatic nervous system and the corresponding loss of motor and sensory function increases the likelihood of developing a number of secondary health complications and metabolic disorders associated with a state of inflammation. Lastly, numerous related disorders associated with a state of chronic inflammation have been found to be at a substantially higher prevalence following SCI. Together, such factors help explain the chronic inflammatory state and immune impairment typically observed following SCI. An understanding of the interactions between systems, both in health and disease, and the many causes of chronic inflammation may aid in the effective future treatment of immune dysfunction and related disorders following SCI.</description><subject>631/250/256</subject><subject>Anatomy</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomedicine</subject><subject>Databases, Bibliographic - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Human Physiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immune System Diseases - etiology</subject><subject>Inflammation - etiology</subject><subject>Neurochemistry</subject><subject>Neuropsychology</subject><subject>Neurosciences</subject><subject>review</subject><subject>Spinal Cord Injuries - complications</subject><issn>1362-4393</issn><issn>1476-5624</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNqN0c1LwzAYBvAgipvTk3cpeBG0M2k-lhxlqBsMvOg5pGkyO9pkJiuy_97UTRHx4CmB98cT8j4AnCM4RhDz26jHBURkjDg5AENEJiynrCCH6Y5ZkRMs8ACcxLiCEAok-DEYFBQzRjEagtm8bTtnsmobbef0pvYuU67K9GvwrtZZ7Wyj2lZ9DqxvGv9eu2UW17VTTaZ9qBJZdWF7Co6saqI5258j8PJw_zyd5Yunx_n0bpFrUpBNbjhC3CCqS0uxsJpgUxWC2gnhZEI0KrEQnFsOK6RYqTHhhmNiixIrW1Iu8Ahc7XLXwb91Jm5kW0dtmkY547soEWOkgFgg8g9K-QRyJnp6-YuufBfSF3tFcJ_IeVLXO6WDjzEYK9ehblXYSgRl34WMWvZdyNRF0hf7zK5sTfVtv5afwM0OxDRySxN-PPpH3geAxpGy</recordid><startdate>20150101</startdate><enddate>20150101</enddate><creator>Allison, D J</creator><creator>Ditor, D S</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group UK</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7T5</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150101</creationdate><title>Immune dysfunction and chronic inflammation following spinal cord injury</title><author>Allison, D J ; Ditor, D S</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c424t-e8118e15cbf539fc43ed295f748474c1b39988f80d1a6bc348e834f2b3afb5893</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>631/250/256</topic><topic>Anatomy</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biomedicine</topic><topic>Databases, Bibliographic - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Human Physiology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immune System Diseases - etiology</topic><topic>Inflammation - etiology</topic><topic>Neurochemistry</topic><topic>Neuropsychology</topic><topic>Neurosciences</topic><topic>review</topic><topic>Spinal Cord Injuries - complications</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Allison, D J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ditor, D S</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Proquest Nursing & Allied Health Source</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Complete (ProQuest Database)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Biological Sciences</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>PML(ProQuest Medical Library)</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Spinal cord</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Allison, D J</au><au>Ditor, D S</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Immune dysfunction and chronic inflammation following spinal cord injury</atitle><jtitle>Spinal cord</jtitle><stitle>Spinal Cord</stitle><addtitle>Spinal Cord</addtitle><date>2015-01-01</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>53</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>14</spage><epage>18</epage><pages>14-18</pages><issn>1362-4393</issn><eissn>1476-5624</eissn><coden>SPCOFM</coden><abstract>Study design:
Review article.
Objectives:
The objective of this study is to provide an overview of the many factors that contribute to the chronic inflammatory state typically observed following spinal cord injury (SCI).
Methods:
Literature review.
Results:
Not applicable.
Conclusion:
SCI is typically characterized by a low-grade inflammatory state due to a number of factors. As bidirectional communication exists between the nervous, endocrine and immune systems, damage to the spinal cord may translate into both endocrinal and immune impairment. Damage to the autonomic nervous system may induce immune dysfunction directly, through the loss of neural innervation of lymphoid organs, or indirectly by inducing endocrinal impairment. In addition, damage to the somatic nervous system and the corresponding loss of motor and sensory function increases the likelihood of developing a number of secondary health complications and metabolic disorders associated with a state of inflammation. Lastly, numerous related disorders associated with a state of chronic inflammation have been found to be at a substantially higher prevalence following SCI. Together, such factors help explain the chronic inflammatory state and immune impairment typically observed following SCI. An understanding of the interactions between systems, both in health and disease, and the many causes of chronic inflammation may aid in the effective future treatment of immune dysfunction and related disorders following SCI.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>25366531</pmid><doi>10.1038/sc.2014.184</doi><tpages>5</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Spinal cord, 2015-01, Vol.53 (1), p.14-18 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Free E-Journal (出版社公開部分のみ）; SpringerLink (Online service) |
| subjects | 631/250/256 Anatomy Animals Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Databases, Bibliographic - statistics & numerical data Human Physiology Humans Immune System Diseases - etiology Inflammation - etiology Neurochemistry Neuropsychology Neurosciences review Spinal Cord Injuries - complications |
| title | Immune dysfunction and chronic inflammation following spinal cord injury |
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