Heartwood, sapwood, and fungal decay associated with red-cockaded woodpecker cavity trees
Provision of suitable sites for red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) cavity excavation is essential for successful management of the woodpecker. To evaluate internal characteristics of pines used by the woodpecker, we increment-cored longleaf pines (Pinus palustris) to determine heartwood dia...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Journal of wildlife management 1994-10, Vol.58 (4), p.728-734 |
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| container_title | The Journal of wildlife management |
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| creator | Conner, R.N. (Southern Forest Experiment Station, U.S. Forest Service, Nacogdoches, TX.) Rudolph, D.C Saenz, D Schaefer, R.R |
| description | Provision of suitable sites for red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) cavity excavation is essential for successful management of the woodpecker. To evaluate internal characteristics of pines used by the woodpecker, we increment-cored longleaf pines (Pinus palustris) to determine heartwood diameter, sapwood thickness, and presence of fungal heartwood decay at 1.3, 6.0, 9.0, and 12.0 m aboveground in 53 red-cockaded woodpecker cavity trees and 53 similar control pines in eastern Texas. Red-cockaded woodpecker cavity trees had thinner sapwood and greater heartwood diameter at all heights than did control trees (P < 0.05). Cavity and control trees were similar in height (P = 0.38) and bole length (P = 0.51), but cavity trees were larger (51.1 vs. 48.4 cm diam at breast height [dbh], P = 0.046), older (124.5 vs. 98.5 yr, P < 0.001), and were growing with less vigor (P < 0.001) than were control pines. Red-cockaded woodpeckers require approximately 15-cm diameter of heartwood in which to excavate cavities. Longleaf pines 70-90 years old had sufficient heartwood to house cavities at 6 and 9 m aboveground. Only pines exceeding 90-110 years in age had sufficient heartwood present for cavity excavation at 12 m. However, unlike prior studies, heartwood decay was not detected until trees were > 100 years and did not occur with any regularity until pines were > 120 years. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.2307/3809687 |
| format | Article |
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(Southern Forest Experiment Station, U.S. Forest Service, Nacogdoches, TX.) ; Rudolph, D.C ; Saenz, D ; Schaefer, R.R</creator><creatorcontrib>Conner, R.N. (Southern Forest Experiment Station, U.S. Forest Service, Nacogdoches, TX.) ; Rudolph, D.C ; Saenz, D ; Schaefer, R.R</creatorcontrib><description>Provision of suitable sites for red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) cavity excavation is essential for successful management of the woodpecker. To evaluate internal characteristics of pines used by the woodpecker, we increment-cored longleaf pines (Pinus palustris) to determine heartwood diameter, sapwood thickness, and presence of fungal heartwood decay at 1.3, 6.0, 9.0, and 12.0 m aboveground in 53 red-cockaded woodpecker cavity trees and 53 similar control pines in eastern Texas. Red-cockaded woodpecker cavity trees had thinner sapwood and greater heartwood diameter at all heights than did control trees (P < 0.05). Cavity and control trees were similar in height (P = 0.38) and bole length (P = 0.51), but cavity trees were larger (51.1 vs. 48.4 cm diam at breast height [dbh], P = 0.046), older (124.5 vs. 98.5 yr, P < 0.001), and were growing with less vigor (P < 0.001) than were control pines. Red-cockaded woodpeckers require approximately 15-cm diameter of heartwood in which to excavate cavities. Longleaf pines 70-90 years old had sufficient heartwood to house cavities at 6 and 9 m aboveground. Only pines exceeding 90-110 years in age had sufficient heartwood present for cavity excavation at 12 m. However, unlike prior studies, heartwood decay was not detected until trees were > 100 years and did not occur with any regularity until pines were > 120 years.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-541X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1937-2817</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.2307/3809687</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JWMAA9</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Bethesda: The Wildlife Society</publisher><subject>AGE ; Age structure ; ALBURA ; ALTURA ; Animal behavior ; ARBOLES ; ARBRE ; AUBIER ; Birds ; BOIS DE COEUR ; CHAMPIGNON ; DEGRADACION ; DEGRADATION ; DURAMEN ; EDAD ; ENDANGERED SPECIES ; ESPECE EN DANGER ; ESPECIES EN PELIGRO DE EXTINCION ; Excavation ; Excavations ; FAUNE ET FLORE SAUVAGES ; FUNGI ; GESTION ; HABITAT ; HABITATS ; HAUTEUR ; HEARTWOOD ; HEIGHT ; HONGOS ; MANAGEMENT ; PICIFORMES ; PICOIDES BOREALIS ; Pine trees ; PINUS PALUSTRIS ; SAPWOOD ; TEXAS ; Tree age ; Tree cavities ; Tree crowns ; TREE HOLES ; Tree trunks ; TREES ; VIDA SILVESTRE ; WILDLIFE ; Woodpeckers</subject><ispartof>The Journal of wildlife management, 1994-10, Vol.58 (4), p.728-734</ispartof><rights>Copyright 1994 The Wildlife Society</rights><rights>Copyright Wildlife Society Oct 1994</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c391t-1b3c85f0f0de122feba5a70179003cb5015251ca9824380fd9f9dfb4f55c64323</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/3809687$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/3809687$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,803,27922,27923,58015,58248</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Conner, R.N. (Southern Forest Experiment Station, U.S. Forest Service, Nacogdoches, TX.)</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rudolph, D.C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saenz, D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schaefer, R.R</creatorcontrib><title>Heartwood, sapwood, and fungal decay associated with red-cockaded woodpecker cavity trees</title><title>The Journal of wildlife management</title><description>Provision of suitable sites for red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) cavity excavation is essential for successful management of the woodpecker. To evaluate internal characteristics of pines used by the woodpecker, we increment-cored longleaf pines (Pinus palustris) to determine heartwood diameter, sapwood thickness, and presence of fungal heartwood decay at 1.3, 6.0, 9.0, and 12.0 m aboveground in 53 red-cockaded woodpecker cavity trees and 53 similar control pines in eastern Texas. Red-cockaded woodpecker cavity trees had thinner sapwood and greater heartwood diameter at all heights than did control trees (P < 0.05). Cavity and control trees were similar in height (P = 0.38) and bole length (P = 0.51), but cavity trees were larger (51.1 vs. 48.4 cm diam at breast height [dbh], P = 0.046), older (124.5 vs. 98.5 yr, P < 0.001), and were growing with less vigor (P < 0.001) than were control pines. Red-cockaded woodpeckers require approximately 15-cm diameter of heartwood in which to excavate cavities. Longleaf pines 70-90 years old had sufficient heartwood to house cavities at 6 and 9 m aboveground. Only pines exceeding 90-110 years in age had sufficient heartwood present for cavity excavation at 12 m. However, unlike prior studies, heartwood decay was not detected until trees were > 100 years and did not occur with any regularity until pines were > 120 years.</description><subject>AGE</subject><subject>Age structure</subject><subject>ALBURA</subject><subject>ALTURA</subject><subject>Animal behavior</subject><subject>ARBOLES</subject><subject>ARBRE</subject><subject>AUBIER</subject><subject>Birds</subject><subject>BOIS DE COEUR</subject><subject>CHAMPIGNON</subject><subject>DEGRADACION</subject><subject>DEGRADATION</subject><subject>DURAMEN</subject><subject>EDAD</subject><subject>ENDANGERED SPECIES</subject><subject>ESPECE EN DANGER</subject><subject>ESPECIES EN PELIGRO DE EXTINCION</subject><subject>Excavation</subject><subject>Excavations</subject><subject>FAUNE ET FLORE SAUVAGES</subject><subject>FUNGI</subject><subject>GESTION</subject><subject>HABITAT</subject><subject>HABITATS</subject><subject>HAUTEUR</subject><subject>HEARTWOOD</subject><subject>HEIGHT</subject><subject>HONGOS</subject><subject>MANAGEMENT</subject><subject>PICIFORMES</subject><subject>PICOIDES BOREALIS</subject><subject>Pine trees</subject><subject>PINUS PALUSTRIS</subject><subject>SAPWOOD</subject><subject>TEXAS</subject><subject>Tree age</subject><subject>Tree cavities</subject><subject>Tree crowns</subject><subject>TREE HOLES</subject><subject>Tree trunks</subject><subject>TREES</subject><subject>VIDA SILVESTRE</subject><subject>WILDLIFE</subject><subject>Woodpeckers</subject><issn>0022-541X</issn><issn>1937-2817</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1994</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp90EtLw0AQAOBFFKxVvHsKInoxuo9skj1KUSsUPGhBT8tkHzVtmo27iaX_3pT05MHTDMM3w8wgdE7wHWU4u2c5FmmeHaARESyLaU6yQzTCmNKYJ-TjGJ2EsMSYEZKnI_Q5NeDbjXP6NgrQDAnUOrJdvYAq0kbBNoIQnCqhNTralO1X5I2OlVMr0LtK39MYtTI-UvBTttuo9caEU3RkoQrmbB_HaP70-D6ZxrPX55fJwyxWTJA2JgVTObfYYm0IpdYUwCHDJBP9jqrgmHDKiQKR06Q_zWphhbZFYjlXacIoG6PrYW7j3XdnQivXZVCmqqA2rguSpCkjOBc9vPwDl67zdb-bpCyhNKc069HNgJR3IXhjZePLNfitJFju_iv3_-3l1SCXoXX-H3YxMAtOwsKXQc7fBO9JwtkvF4p_eQ</recordid><startdate>19941001</startdate><enddate>19941001</enddate><creator>Conner, R.N. (Southern Forest Experiment Station, U.S. Forest Service, Nacogdoches, TX.)</creator><creator>Rudolph, D.C</creator><creator>Saenz, D</creator><creator>Schaefer, R.R</creator><general>The Wildlife Society</general><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U6</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19941001</creationdate><title>Heartwood, sapwood, and fungal decay associated with red-cockaded woodpecker cavity trees</title><author>Conner, R.N. (Southern Forest Experiment Station, U.S. Forest Service, Nacogdoches, TX.) ; Rudolph, D.C ; Saenz, D ; Schaefer, R.R</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c391t-1b3c85f0f0de122feba5a70179003cb5015251ca9824380fd9f9dfb4f55c64323</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1994</creationdate><topic>AGE</topic><topic>Age structure</topic><topic>ALBURA</topic><topic>ALTURA</topic><topic>Animal behavior</topic><topic>ARBOLES</topic><topic>ARBRE</topic><topic>AUBIER</topic><topic>Birds</topic><topic>BOIS DE COEUR</topic><topic>CHAMPIGNON</topic><topic>DEGRADACION</topic><topic>DEGRADATION</topic><topic>DURAMEN</topic><topic>EDAD</topic><topic>ENDANGERED SPECIES</topic><topic>ESPECE EN DANGER</topic><topic>ESPECIES EN PELIGRO DE EXTINCION</topic><topic>Excavation</topic><topic>Excavations</topic><topic>FAUNE ET FLORE SAUVAGES</topic><topic>FUNGI</topic><topic>GESTION</topic><topic>HABITAT</topic><topic>HABITATS</topic><topic>HAUTEUR</topic><topic>HEARTWOOD</topic><topic>HEIGHT</topic><topic>HONGOS</topic><topic>MANAGEMENT</topic><topic>PICIFORMES</topic><topic>PICOIDES BOREALIS</topic><topic>Pine trees</topic><topic>PINUS PALUSTRIS</topic><topic>SAPWOOD</topic><topic>TEXAS</topic><topic>Tree age</topic><topic>Tree cavities</topic><topic>Tree crowns</topic><topic>TREE HOLES</topic><topic>Tree trunks</topic><topic>TREES</topic><topic>VIDA SILVESTRE</topic><topic>WILDLIFE</topic><topic>Woodpeckers</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Conner, R.N. (Southern Forest Experiment Station, U.S. Forest Service, Nacogdoches, TX.)</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rudolph, D.C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saenz, D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schaefer, R.R</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Sustainability Science Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>The Journal of wildlife management</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Conner, R.N. (Southern Forest Experiment Station, U.S. Forest Service, Nacogdoches, TX.)</au><au>Rudolph, D.C</au><au>Saenz, D</au><au>Schaefer, R.R</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Heartwood, sapwood, and fungal decay associated with red-cockaded woodpecker cavity trees</atitle><jtitle>The Journal of wildlife management</jtitle><date>1994-10-01</date><risdate>1994</risdate><volume>58</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>728</spage><epage>734</epage><pages>728-734</pages><issn>0022-541X</issn><eissn>1937-2817</eissn><coden>JWMAA9</coden><abstract>Provision of suitable sites for red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) cavity excavation is essential for successful management of the woodpecker. To evaluate internal characteristics of pines used by the woodpecker, we increment-cored longleaf pines (Pinus palustris) to determine heartwood diameter, sapwood thickness, and presence of fungal heartwood decay at 1.3, 6.0, 9.0, and 12.0 m aboveground in 53 red-cockaded woodpecker cavity trees and 53 similar control pines in eastern Texas. Red-cockaded woodpecker cavity trees had thinner sapwood and greater heartwood diameter at all heights than did control trees (P < 0.05). Cavity and control trees were similar in height (P = 0.38) and bole length (P = 0.51), but cavity trees were larger (51.1 vs. 48.4 cm diam at breast height [dbh], P = 0.046), older (124.5 vs. 98.5 yr, P < 0.001), and were growing with less vigor (P < 0.001) than were control pines. Red-cockaded woodpeckers require approximately 15-cm diameter of heartwood in which to excavate cavities. Longleaf pines 70-90 years old had sufficient heartwood to house cavities at 6 and 9 m aboveground. Only pines exceeding 90-110 years in age had sufficient heartwood present for cavity excavation at 12 m. However, unlike prior studies, heartwood decay was not detected until trees were > 100 years and did not occur with any regularity until pines were > 120 years.</abstract><cop>Bethesda</cop><pub>The Wildlife Society</pub><doi>10.2307/3809687</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | The Journal of wildlife management, 1994-10, Vol.58 (4), p.728-734 |
| issn | 0022-541X 1937-2817 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_16631089 |
| source | JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing |
| subjects | AGE Age structure ALBURA ALTURA Animal behavior ARBOLES ARBRE AUBIER Birds BOIS DE COEUR CHAMPIGNON DEGRADACION DEGRADATION DURAMEN EDAD ENDANGERED SPECIES ESPECE EN DANGER ESPECIES EN PELIGRO DE EXTINCION Excavation Excavations FAUNE ET FLORE SAUVAGES FUNGI GESTION HABITAT HABITATS HAUTEUR HEARTWOOD HEIGHT HONGOS MANAGEMENT PICIFORMES PICOIDES BOREALIS Pine trees PINUS PALUSTRIS SAPWOOD TEXAS Tree age Tree cavities Tree crowns TREE HOLES Tree trunks TREES VIDA SILVESTRE WILDLIFE Woodpeckers |
| title | Heartwood, sapwood, and fungal decay associated with red-cockaded woodpecker cavity trees |
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