Curvilinear Dose―Response Relationship of Carbohydrate (0―120 g·h―1) and Performance
There is a lack of consensus regarding the optimal range of carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion rates recommended for endurance athletes. This study investigated the relationship between CHO dose and cycling time trial performance to identify an optimal range of CHO ingestion rates for endurance performanc...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Medicine and science in sports and exercise 2013-02, Vol.45 (2), p.336-341 |
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| creator | SMITH, Johneric W PASCOE, David D PASSE, Dennis H RUBY, Brent C STEWART, Laura K BAKER, Lindsay B ZACHWIEJA, Jeffrey J |
| description | There is a lack of consensus regarding the optimal range of carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion rates recommended for endurance athletes.
This study investigated the relationship between CHO dose and cycling time trial performance to identify an optimal range of CHO ingestion rates for endurance performance.
Fifty-one cyclists and triathletes (28 ± 7 yr, mean ± SD) across four research sites completed four trials. Each trial consisted of a 2-h constant load ride at 95% of the workload that elicited a 4-mmol·L(-1) blood lactate concentration immediately followed by a computer-simulated 20-km time trial, which subjects were asked to complete as quickly as possible. Twelve CHO electrolyte (18 mmol·L(-1) Na, 3 mmol·L(-1) K, and 11 mmol·L(-1) Cl) beverages (three at each site) were tested in a double-blind manner, providing subjects 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, and 120 g CHO (1:1:1 glucose-fructose-maltodextrin) per hour during the 2-h constant load ride at a fluid intake rate of 1 L·h(-1). All subjects also consumed a noncaloric placebo on one counterbalanced test occasion. Data were natural log transformed, subjected to a mixed-model analysis, and are reported as adjusted treatment means.
We estimate incremental performance improvements of 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, 4.0%, and 4.7% at 9, 19, 31, 48, and 78 g·h, respectively, with diminishing performance enhancement seen at CHO levels >78 g·h(-1).
CHO beverage ingestion and endurance (∼160 min) performance appear to be related in a curvilinear dose-response manner, with the best performance occurring with a CHO (1:1:1 glucose-fructose-maltodextrin) ingestion rate of 78 g·h(-1). |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31827205d1 |
| format | Article |
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This study investigated the relationship between CHO dose and cycling time trial performance to identify an optimal range of CHO ingestion rates for endurance performance.
Fifty-one cyclists and triathletes (28 ± 7 yr, mean ± SD) across four research sites completed four trials. Each trial consisted of a 2-h constant load ride at 95% of the workload that elicited a 4-mmol·L(-1) blood lactate concentration immediately followed by a computer-simulated 20-km time trial, which subjects were asked to complete as quickly as possible. Twelve CHO electrolyte (18 mmol·L(-1) Na, 3 mmol·L(-1) K, and 11 mmol·L(-1) Cl) beverages (three at each site) were tested in a double-blind manner, providing subjects 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, and 120 g CHO (1:1:1 glucose-fructose-maltodextrin) per hour during the 2-h constant load ride at a fluid intake rate of 1 L·h(-1). All subjects also consumed a noncaloric placebo on one counterbalanced test occasion. Data were natural log transformed, subjected to a mixed-model analysis, and are reported as adjusted treatment means.
We estimate incremental performance improvements of 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, 4.0%, and 4.7% at 9, 19, 31, 48, and 78 g·h, respectively, with diminishing performance enhancement seen at CHO levels >78 g·h(-1).
CHO beverage ingestion and endurance (∼160 min) performance appear to be related in a curvilinear dose-response manner, with the best performance occurring with a CHO (1:1:1 glucose-fructose-maltodextrin) ingestion rate of 78 g·h(-1).</description><identifier>ISSN: 0195-9131</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1530-0315</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31827205d1</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22968309</identifier><identifier>CODEN: MSPEDA</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</publisher><subject>Adult ; Athletic Performance - physiology ; Beverages ; Bicycling - physiology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Dietary Carbohydrates - administration & dosage ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Humans ; Lactates - blood ; Male ; Physical Endurance - drug effects ; Regression Analysis ; Running - physiology ; Space life sciences ; Swimming - physiology ; Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports</subject><ispartof>Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 2013-02, Vol.45 (2), p.336-341</ispartof><rights>2014 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c416t-8fa4d872d8c137e759081c494f01f616623b143876d29b61109c3ea7f87ff8ec3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c416t-8fa4d872d8c137e759081c494f01f616623b143876d29b61109c3ea7f87ff8ec3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=27109706$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22968309$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>SMITH, Johneric W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>PASCOE, David D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>PASSE, Dennis H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>RUBY, Brent C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>STEWART, Laura K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>BAKER, Lindsay B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>ZACHWIEJA, Jeffrey J</creatorcontrib><title>Curvilinear Dose―Response Relationship of Carbohydrate (0―120 g·h―1) and Performance</title><title>Medicine and science in sports and exercise</title><addtitle>Med Sci Sports Exerc</addtitle><description>There is a lack of consensus regarding the optimal range of carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion rates recommended for endurance athletes.
This study investigated the relationship between CHO dose and cycling time trial performance to identify an optimal range of CHO ingestion rates for endurance performance.
Fifty-one cyclists and triathletes (28 ± 7 yr, mean ± SD) across four research sites completed four trials. Each trial consisted of a 2-h constant load ride at 95% of the workload that elicited a 4-mmol·L(-1) blood lactate concentration immediately followed by a computer-simulated 20-km time trial, which subjects were asked to complete as quickly as possible. Twelve CHO electrolyte (18 mmol·L(-1) Na, 3 mmol·L(-1) K, and 11 mmol·L(-1) Cl) beverages (three at each site) were tested in a double-blind manner, providing subjects 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, and 120 g CHO (1:1:1 glucose-fructose-maltodextrin) per hour during the 2-h constant load ride at a fluid intake rate of 1 L·h(-1). All subjects also consumed a noncaloric placebo on one counterbalanced test occasion. Data were natural log transformed, subjected to a mixed-model analysis, and are reported as adjusted treatment means.
We estimate incremental performance improvements of 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, 4.0%, and 4.7% at 9, 19, 31, 48, and 78 g·h, respectively, with diminishing performance enhancement seen at CHO levels >78 g·h(-1).
CHO beverage ingestion and endurance (∼160 min) performance appear to be related in a curvilinear dose-response manner, with the best performance occurring with a CHO (1:1:1 glucose-fructose-maltodextrin) ingestion rate of 78 g·h(-1).</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Athletic Performance - physiology</subject><subject>Beverages</subject><subject>Bicycling - physiology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Dietary Carbohydrates - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Lactates - blood</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Physical Endurance - drug effects</subject><subject>Regression Analysis</subject><subject>Running - physiology</subject><subject>Space life sciences</subject><subject>Swimming - physiology</subject><subject>Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports</subject><issn>0195-9131</issn><issn>1530-0315</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkU1O3EAQhVtRUBggN4gibyLBwkNVt90_y2jCnwQC8bNiYbXb1RlHHnvSPYPEjktwFvYchZPQIyaJlA2reovvvVLVY-wLwhh5YfbPrq7GUAMKEqi54lA2-IGNsBSQg8DyIxsBmjI3KHCTbcX4CwCUEPiJbXJupBZgRux2sgx3bdf2ZEP2Y4j08vB4SXE-9JGyS-rsok1y2s6zwWcTG-phet8Eu6BsFxKKHLKfz0_TldzLbN9kFxT8EGa2d7TDNrztIn1ez212c3hwPTnOT8-PTibfT3NXoFzk2tui0Yo32qFQpEoDGl1hCg_oJUrJRY2F0Eo23NQSEYwTZJXXyntNTmyz3bfceRh-LykuqlkbHXWd7WlYxipFQMGNKsX7KFci0VjKhBZvqAtDjIF8NQ_tzIb7CqFaNVClBqr_G0i2r-sNy3pGzV_Tn5cn4NsasNHZzof0qjb-41S6T4EUrwC0kFY</recordid><startdate>20130201</startdate><enddate>20130201</enddate><creator>SMITH, Johneric W</creator><creator>PASCOE, David D</creator><creator>PASSE, Dennis H</creator><creator>RUBY, Brent C</creator><creator>STEWART, Laura K</creator><creator>BAKER, Lindsay B</creator><creator>ZACHWIEJA, Jeffrey J</creator><general>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7TS</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20130201</creationdate><title>Curvilinear Dose―Response Relationship of Carbohydrate (0―120 g·h―1) and Performance</title><author>SMITH, Johneric W ; PASCOE, David D ; PASSE, Dennis H ; RUBY, Brent C ; STEWART, Laura K ; BAKER, Lindsay B ; ZACHWIEJA, Jeffrey J</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c416t-8fa4d872d8c137e759081c494f01f616623b143876d29b61109c3ea7f87ff8ec3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Athletic Performance - physiology</topic><topic>Beverages</topic><topic>Bicycling - physiology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Dietary Carbohydrates - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Lactates - blood</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Physical Endurance - drug effects</topic><topic>Regression Analysis</topic><topic>Running - physiology</topic><topic>Space life sciences</topic><topic>Swimming - physiology</topic><topic>Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>SMITH, Johneric W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>PASCOE, David D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>PASSE, Dennis H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>RUBY, Brent C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>STEWART, Laura K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>BAKER, Lindsay B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>ZACHWIEJA, Jeffrey J</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><jtitle>Medicine and science in sports and exercise</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>SMITH, Johneric W</au><au>PASCOE, David D</au><au>PASSE, Dennis H</au><au>RUBY, Brent C</au><au>STEWART, Laura K</au><au>BAKER, Lindsay B</au><au>ZACHWIEJA, Jeffrey J</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Curvilinear Dose―Response Relationship of Carbohydrate (0―120 g·h―1) and Performance</atitle><jtitle>Medicine and science in sports and exercise</jtitle><addtitle>Med Sci Sports Exerc</addtitle><date>2013-02-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>45</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>336</spage><epage>341</epage><pages>336-341</pages><issn>0195-9131</issn><eissn>1530-0315</eissn><coden>MSPEDA</coden><abstract>There is a lack of consensus regarding the optimal range of carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion rates recommended for endurance athletes.
This study investigated the relationship between CHO dose and cycling time trial performance to identify an optimal range of CHO ingestion rates for endurance performance.
Fifty-one cyclists and triathletes (28 ± 7 yr, mean ± SD) across four research sites completed four trials. Each trial consisted of a 2-h constant load ride at 95% of the workload that elicited a 4-mmol·L(-1) blood lactate concentration immediately followed by a computer-simulated 20-km time trial, which subjects were asked to complete as quickly as possible. Twelve CHO electrolyte (18 mmol·L(-1) Na, 3 mmol·L(-1) K, and 11 mmol·L(-1) Cl) beverages (three at each site) were tested in a double-blind manner, providing subjects 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, and 120 g CHO (1:1:1 glucose-fructose-maltodextrin) per hour during the 2-h constant load ride at a fluid intake rate of 1 L·h(-1). All subjects also consumed a noncaloric placebo on one counterbalanced test occasion. Data were natural log transformed, subjected to a mixed-model analysis, and are reported as adjusted treatment means.
We estimate incremental performance improvements of 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, 4.0%, and 4.7% at 9, 19, 31, 48, and 78 g·h, respectively, with diminishing performance enhancement seen at CHO levels >78 g·h(-1).
CHO beverage ingestion and endurance (∼160 min) performance appear to be related in a curvilinear dose-response manner, with the best performance occurring with a CHO (1:1:1 glucose-fructose-maltodextrin) ingestion rate of 78 g·h(-1).</abstract><cop>Hagerstown, MD</cop><pub>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</pub><pmid>22968309</pmid><doi>10.1249/MSS.0b013e31827205d1</doi><tpages>6</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0195-9131 |
| ispartof | Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 2013-02, Vol.45 (2), p.336-341 |
| issn | 0195-9131 1530-0315 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Journals@Ovid LWW Legacy Archive; Journals@Ovid Complete |
| subjects | Adult Athletic Performance - physiology Beverages Bicycling - physiology Biological and medical sciences Dietary Carbohydrates - administration & dosage Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Humans Lactates - blood Male Physical Endurance - drug effects Regression Analysis Running - physiology Space life sciences Swimming - physiology Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports |
| title | Curvilinear Dose―Response Relationship of Carbohydrate (0―120 g·h―1) and Performance |
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