Transient decrements in mood during energy deficit are independent of dietary protein-to-carbohydrate ratio

Abstract Energy deficit and dietary macronutrient intake are thought to independently modulate cognition, mood and sleep. To what extent manipulating the dietary ratio of protein-to-carbohydrate affects mood, cognition and sleep during short-term energy deficit is undetermined. Using a randomized, b...

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Veröffentlicht in:Physiology & behavior 2015-02, Vol.139, p.524-531
Hauptverfasser: Karl, J. Philip, Thompson, Lauren A, Niro, Philip J, Margolis, Lee M, McClung, James P, Cao, Jay J, Whigham, Leah D, Combs, Gerald F, Young, Andrew J, Lieberman, Harris R, Pasiakos, Stefan M
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container_end_page 531
container_issue
container_start_page 524
container_title Physiology & behavior
container_volume 139
creator Karl, J. Philip
Thompson, Lauren A
Niro, Philip J
Margolis, Lee M
McClung, James P
Cao, Jay J
Whigham, Leah D
Combs, Gerald F
Young, Andrew J
Lieberman, Harris R
Pasiakos, Stefan M
description Abstract Energy deficit and dietary macronutrient intake are thought to independently modulate cognition, mood and sleep. To what extent manipulating the dietary ratio of protein-to-carbohydrate affects mood, cognition and sleep during short-term energy deficit is undetermined. Using a randomized, block design, 39 non-obese young adults (21 ± 1 years, BMI 25 ± 1 kg/m2 ) consumed diets containing 0.8 g, 1.6 g or 2.4 g protein per kg body weight per day for 31 days. Carbohydrate intake was reduced to accommodate higher protein intakes while dietary fat was maintained at 30% of total energy intake. Cognitive performance, mood, self-reported sleep quality, and plasma amino acid concentrations were periodically assessed during a 10-day energy balance period and a subsequent 21 -day, 40% energy deficit period. Anger, tension and total mood disturbance increased during the initial ten days of energy deficit (P < 0.05), but by the end of the energy deficit returned to levels not different from those measured during energy balance. No effects of dietary protein-to-carbohydrate ratio on cognitive performance, mood or self-reported sleep quality were observed during energy balance or energy deficit. Thus, high-protein, low-carbohydrate, moderate-fat diets do not appear to benefit or impair cognition, mood or sleep in non-obese adults during energy deficit. These findings suggest that energy deficit may initially be psychologically difficult for non-obese individuals attempting to lose weight, but that these changes are transient. Employing strategies that alleviate decrements in mood during this initial period of adaptation may help sustain weight loss efforts.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.11.068
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Philip ; Thompson, Lauren A ; Niro, Philip J ; Margolis, Lee M ; McClung, James P ; Cao, Jay J ; Whigham, Leah D ; Combs, Gerald F ; Young, Andrew J ; Lieberman, Harris R ; Pasiakos, Stefan M</creator><creatorcontrib>Karl, J. Philip ; Thompson, Lauren A ; Niro, Philip J ; Margolis, Lee M ; McClung, James P ; Cao, Jay J ; Whigham, Leah D ; Combs, Gerald F ; Young, Andrew J ; Lieberman, Harris R ; Pasiakos, Stefan M</creatorcontrib><description>Abstract Energy deficit and dietary macronutrient intake are thought to independently modulate cognition, mood and sleep. To what extent manipulating the dietary ratio of protein-to-carbohydrate affects mood, cognition and sleep during short-term energy deficit is undetermined. Using a randomized, block design, 39 non-obese young adults (21 ± 1 years, BMI 25 ± 1 kg/m2 ) consumed diets containing 0.8 g, 1.6 g or 2.4 g protein per kg body weight per day for 31 days. Carbohydrate intake was reduced to accommodate higher protein intakes while dietary fat was maintained at 30% of total energy intake. Cognitive performance, mood, self-reported sleep quality, and plasma amino acid concentrations were periodically assessed during a 10-day energy balance period and a subsequent 21 -day, 40% energy deficit period. Anger, tension and total mood disturbance increased during the initial ten days of energy deficit (P &lt; 0.05), but by the end of the energy deficit returned to levels not different from those measured during energy balance. No effects of dietary protein-to-carbohydrate ratio on cognitive performance, mood or self-reported sleep quality were observed during energy balance or energy deficit. Thus, high-protein, low-carbohydrate, moderate-fat diets do not appear to benefit or impair cognition, mood or sleep in non-obese adults during energy deficit. 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Philip ; Thompson, Lauren A ; Niro, Philip J ; Margolis, Lee M ; McClung, James P ; Cao, Jay J ; Whigham, Leah D ; Combs, Gerald F ; Young, Andrew J ; Lieberman, Harris R ; Pasiakos, Stefan M</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c510t-6520ef25736f1256fe2a583a9e16bdc0bc7c5517db8bdc689b721e395f5dcf003</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Affect - physiology</topic><topic>amino acids</topic><topic>Amino Acids - blood</topic><topic>body mass index</topic><topic>Caloric Restriction - methods</topic><topic>carbohydrate intake</topic><topic>carbohydrates</topic><topic>Cognition</topic><topic>Cognition - physiology</topic><topic>Dietary Carbohydrates - administration &amp; dosage</topic><topic>dietary fat</topic><topic>Dietary Proteins - administration &amp; dosage</topic><topic>emotions</topic><topic>energy intake</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Macronutrient composition</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Neurotransmitter precursor</topic><topic>Overweight - diet therapy</topic><topic>Overweight - physiopathology</topic><topic>Overweight - psychology</topic><topic>protein intake</topic><topic>proteins</topic><topic>Psychiatry</topic><topic>Recommended dietary allowance</topic><topic>Self Report</topic><topic>Sleep</topic><topic>Sleep - physiology</topic><topic>Weight loss</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><topic>young adults</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Karl, J. 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Thus, high-protein, low-carbohydrate, moderate-fat diets do not appear to benefit or impair cognition, mood or sleep in non-obese adults during energy deficit. These findings suggest that energy deficit may initially be psychologically difficult for non-obese individuals attempting to lose weight, but that these changes are transient. Employing strategies that alleviate decrements in mood during this initial period of adaptation may help sustain weight loss efforts.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>25479571</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.11.068</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record>
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source MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals
subjects Affect - physiology
amino acids
Amino Acids - blood
body mass index
Caloric Restriction - methods
carbohydrate intake
carbohydrates
Cognition
Cognition - physiology
Dietary Carbohydrates - administration & dosage
dietary fat
Dietary Proteins - administration & dosage
emotions
energy intake
Female
Humans
Macronutrient composition
Male
Neurotransmitter precursor
Overweight - diet therapy
Overweight - physiopathology
Overweight - psychology
protein intake
proteins
Psychiatry
Recommended dietary allowance
Self Report
Sleep
Sleep - physiology
Weight loss
Young Adult
young adults
title Transient decrements in mood during energy deficit are independent of dietary protein-to-carbohydrate ratio
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