Transient decrements in mood during energy deficit are independent of dietary protein-to-carbohydrate ratio
Abstract Energy deficit and dietary macronutrient intake are thought to independently modulate cognition, mood and sleep. To what extent manipulating the dietary ratio of protein-to-carbohydrate affects mood, cognition and sleep during short-term energy deficit is undetermined. Using a randomized, b...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Physiology & behavior 2015-02, Vol.139, p.524-531 |
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description | Abstract Energy deficit and dietary macronutrient intake are thought to independently modulate cognition, mood and sleep. To what extent manipulating the dietary ratio of protein-to-carbohydrate affects mood, cognition and sleep during short-term energy deficit is undetermined. Using a randomized, block design, 39 non-obese young adults (21 ± 1 years, BMI 25 ± 1 kg/m2 ) consumed diets containing 0.8 g, 1.6 g or 2.4 g protein per kg body weight per day for 31 days. Carbohydrate intake was reduced to accommodate higher protein intakes while dietary fat was maintained at 30% of total energy intake. Cognitive performance, mood, self-reported sleep quality, and plasma amino acid concentrations were periodically assessed during a 10-day energy balance period and a subsequent 21 -day, 40% energy deficit period. Anger, tension and total mood disturbance increased during the initial ten days of energy deficit (P < 0.05), but by the end of the energy deficit returned to levels not different from those measured during energy balance. No effects of dietary protein-to-carbohydrate ratio on cognitive performance, mood or self-reported sleep quality were observed during energy balance or energy deficit. Thus, high-protein, low-carbohydrate, moderate-fat diets do not appear to benefit or impair cognition, mood or sleep in non-obese adults during energy deficit. These findings suggest that energy deficit may initially be psychologically difficult for non-obese individuals attempting to lose weight, but that these changes are transient. Employing strategies that alleviate decrements in mood during this initial period of adaptation may help sustain weight loss efforts. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.11.068 |
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Philip ; Thompson, Lauren A ; Niro, Philip J ; Margolis, Lee M ; McClung, James P ; Cao, Jay J ; Whigham, Leah D ; Combs, Gerald F ; Young, Andrew J ; Lieberman, Harris R ; Pasiakos, Stefan M</creator><creatorcontrib>Karl, J. Philip ; Thompson, Lauren A ; Niro, Philip J ; Margolis, Lee M ; McClung, James P ; Cao, Jay J ; Whigham, Leah D ; Combs, Gerald F ; Young, Andrew J ; Lieberman, Harris R ; Pasiakos, Stefan M</creatorcontrib><description>Abstract Energy deficit and dietary macronutrient intake are thought to independently modulate cognition, mood and sleep. To what extent manipulating the dietary ratio of protein-to-carbohydrate affects mood, cognition and sleep during short-term energy deficit is undetermined. Using a randomized, block design, 39 non-obese young adults (21 ± 1 years, BMI 25 ± 1 kg/m2 ) consumed diets containing 0.8 g, 1.6 g or 2.4 g protein per kg body weight per day for 31 days. Carbohydrate intake was reduced to accommodate higher protein intakes while dietary fat was maintained at 30% of total energy intake. Cognitive performance, mood, self-reported sleep quality, and plasma amino acid concentrations were periodically assessed during a 10-day energy balance period and a subsequent 21 -day, 40% energy deficit period. Anger, tension and total mood disturbance increased during the initial ten days of energy deficit (P < 0.05), but by the end of the energy deficit returned to levels not different from those measured during energy balance. No effects of dietary protein-to-carbohydrate ratio on cognitive performance, mood or self-reported sleep quality were observed during energy balance or energy deficit. Thus, high-protein, low-carbohydrate, moderate-fat diets do not appear to benefit or impair cognition, mood or sleep in non-obese adults during energy deficit. These findings suggest that energy deficit may initially be psychologically difficult for non-obese individuals attempting to lose weight, but that these changes are transient. Employing strategies that alleviate decrements in mood during this initial period of adaptation may help sustain weight loss efforts.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0031-9384</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-507X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.11.068</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25479571</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Affect - physiology ; amino acids ; Amino Acids - blood ; body mass index ; Caloric Restriction - methods ; carbohydrate intake ; carbohydrates ; Cognition ; Cognition - physiology ; Dietary Carbohydrates - administration & dosage ; dietary fat ; Dietary Proteins - administration & dosage ; emotions ; energy intake ; Female ; Humans ; Macronutrient composition ; Male ; Neurotransmitter precursor ; Overweight - diet therapy ; Overweight - physiopathology ; Overweight - psychology ; protein intake ; proteins ; Psychiatry ; Recommended dietary allowance ; Self Report ; Sleep ; Sleep - physiology ; Weight loss ; Young Adult ; young adults</subject><ispartof>Physiology & behavior, 2015-02, Vol.139, p.524-531</ispartof><rights>2014</rights><rights>Published by Elsevier Inc.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c510t-6520ef25736f1256fe2a583a9e16bdc0bc7c5517db8bdc689b721e395f5dcf003</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c510t-6520ef25736f1256fe2a583a9e16bdc0bc7c5517db8bdc689b721e395f5dcf003</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.11.068$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,3537,27905,27906,45976</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25479571$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Karl, J. Philip</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thompson, Lauren A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Niro, Philip J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Margolis, Lee M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McClung, James P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cao, Jay J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Whigham, Leah D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Combs, Gerald F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Young, Andrew J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lieberman, Harris R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pasiakos, Stefan M</creatorcontrib><title>Transient decrements in mood during energy deficit are independent of dietary protein-to-carbohydrate ratio</title><title>Physiology & behavior</title><addtitle>Physiol Behav</addtitle><description>Abstract Energy deficit and dietary macronutrient intake are thought to independently modulate cognition, mood and sleep. To what extent manipulating the dietary ratio of protein-to-carbohydrate affects mood, cognition and sleep during short-term energy deficit is undetermined. Using a randomized, block design, 39 non-obese young adults (21 ± 1 years, BMI 25 ± 1 kg/m2 ) consumed diets containing 0.8 g, 1.6 g or 2.4 g protein per kg body weight per day for 31 days. Carbohydrate intake was reduced to accommodate higher protein intakes while dietary fat was maintained at 30% of total energy intake. Cognitive performance, mood, self-reported sleep quality, and plasma amino acid concentrations were periodically assessed during a 10-day energy balance period and a subsequent 21 -day, 40% energy deficit period. Anger, tension and total mood disturbance increased during the initial ten days of energy deficit (P < 0.05), but by the end of the energy deficit returned to levels not different from those measured during energy balance. No effects of dietary protein-to-carbohydrate ratio on cognitive performance, mood or self-reported sleep quality were observed during energy balance or energy deficit. Thus, high-protein, low-carbohydrate, moderate-fat diets do not appear to benefit or impair cognition, mood or sleep in non-obese adults during energy deficit. These findings suggest that energy deficit may initially be psychologically difficult for non-obese individuals attempting to lose weight, but that these changes are transient. Employing strategies that alleviate decrements in mood during this initial period of adaptation may help sustain weight loss efforts.</description><subject>Affect - physiology</subject><subject>amino acids</subject><subject>Amino Acids - blood</subject><subject>body mass index</subject><subject>Caloric Restriction - methods</subject><subject>carbohydrate intake</subject><subject>carbohydrates</subject><subject>Cognition</subject><subject>Cognition - physiology</subject><subject>Dietary Carbohydrates - administration & dosage</subject><subject>dietary fat</subject><subject>Dietary Proteins - administration & dosage</subject><subject>emotions</subject><subject>energy intake</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Macronutrient composition</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Neurotransmitter precursor</subject><subject>Overweight - diet therapy</subject><subject>Overweight - physiopathology</subject><subject>Overweight - psychology</subject><subject>protein intake</subject><subject>proteins</subject><subject>Psychiatry</subject><subject>Recommended dietary allowance</subject><subject>Self Report</subject><subject>Sleep</subject><subject>Sleep - physiology</subject><subject>Weight loss</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><subject>young adults</subject><issn>0031-9384</issn><issn>1873-507X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkk1v1DAQQCMEokvhJwA5csniiWM7uYCqii-pEoe2EjfLsSe73ibxYidI-fdMtAsHLtSHsS29GY_9nGWvgW2BgXx_2B73S2pxvy0ZVFuALZP1k2wDteKFYOrH02zDGIei4XV1kb1I6cBo8Io_zy5KUalGKNhkD3fRjMnjOOUObcSBVin3Yz6E4HI3Rz_uchwx7hYCOm_9lJuIRDg8IgVKDF3uPE4mLvkxhgn9WEyhsCa2Yb-4aCbMKfjwMnvWmT7hq_N8md1__nR3_bW4-f7l2_XVTWEFsKmQomTYlUJx2UEpZIelETU3DYJsnWWtVVYIUK6taSvrplUlIG9EJ5zt6IqX2btTXerm54xp0oNPFvvejBjmpEFKLnlVSv4YlPEGBJSPQCvGOauVJFScUBtDShE7fYx-oPfRwPRqTx_02Z5e7WkATfYo7835iLkd0P3N-qOLgLcnoDNBm130Sd_fUgVBZpWsqpX4eCKQHviXx6iTJbsWnY9oJ-2C_28TH_6pYHs_emv6B1wwHcIcR7KnQadSM327frL1j0HFmKRW-G9AfczW</recordid><startdate>20150201</startdate><enddate>20150201</enddate><creator>Karl, J. Philip</creator><creator>Thompson, Lauren A</creator><creator>Niro, Philip J</creator><creator>Margolis, Lee M</creator><creator>McClung, James P</creator><creator>Cao, Jay J</creator><creator>Whigham, Leah D</creator><creator>Combs, Gerald F</creator><creator>Young, Andrew J</creator><creator>Lieberman, Harris R</creator><creator>Pasiakos, Stefan M</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7S9</scope><scope>L.6</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150201</creationdate><title>Transient decrements in mood during energy deficit are independent of dietary protein-to-carbohydrate ratio</title><author>Karl, J. Philip ; Thompson, Lauren A ; Niro, Philip J ; Margolis, Lee M ; McClung, James P ; Cao, Jay J ; Whigham, Leah D ; Combs, Gerald F ; Young, Andrew J ; Lieberman, Harris R ; Pasiakos, Stefan M</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c510t-6520ef25736f1256fe2a583a9e16bdc0bc7c5517db8bdc689b721e395f5dcf003</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Affect - physiology</topic><topic>amino acids</topic><topic>Amino Acids - blood</topic><topic>body mass index</topic><topic>Caloric Restriction - methods</topic><topic>carbohydrate intake</topic><topic>carbohydrates</topic><topic>Cognition</topic><topic>Cognition - physiology</topic><topic>Dietary Carbohydrates - administration & dosage</topic><topic>dietary fat</topic><topic>Dietary Proteins - administration & dosage</topic><topic>emotions</topic><topic>energy intake</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Macronutrient composition</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Neurotransmitter precursor</topic><topic>Overweight - diet therapy</topic><topic>Overweight - physiopathology</topic><topic>Overweight - psychology</topic><topic>protein intake</topic><topic>proteins</topic><topic>Psychiatry</topic><topic>Recommended dietary allowance</topic><topic>Self Report</topic><topic>Sleep</topic><topic>Sleep - physiology</topic><topic>Weight loss</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><topic>young adults</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Karl, J. 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Philip</au><au>Thompson, Lauren A</au><au>Niro, Philip J</au><au>Margolis, Lee M</au><au>McClung, James P</au><au>Cao, Jay J</au><au>Whigham, Leah D</au><au>Combs, Gerald F</au><au>Young, Andrew J</au><au>Lieberman, Harris R</au><au>Pasiakos, Stefan M</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Transient decrements in mood during energy deficit are independent of dietary protein-to-carbohydrate ratio</atitle><jtitle>Physiology & behavior</jtitle><addtitle>Physiol Behav</addtitle><date>2015-02-01</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>139</volume><spage>524</spage><epage>531</epage><pages>524-531</pages><issn>0031-9384</issn><eissn>1873-507X</eissn><abstract>Abstract Energy deficit and dietary macronutrient intake are thought to independently modulate cognition, mood and sleep. To what extent manipulating the dietary ratio of protein-to-carbohydrate affects mood, cognition and sleep during short-term energy deficit is undetermined. Using a randomized, block design, 39 non-obese young adults (21 ± 1 years, BMI 25 ± 1 kg/m2 ) consumed diets containing 0.8 g, 1.6 g or 2.4 g protein per kg body weight per day for 31 days. Carbohydrate intake was reduced to accommodate higher protein intakes while dietary fat was maintained at 30% of total energy intake. Cognitive performance, mood, self-reported sleep quality, and plasma amino acid concentrations were periodically assessed during a 10-day energy balance period and a subsequent 21 -day, 40% energy deficit period. Anger, tension and total mood disturbance increased during the initial ten days of energy deficit (P < 0.05), but by the end of the energy deficit returned to levels not different from those measured during energy balance. No effects of dietary protein-to-carbohydrate ratio on cognitive performance, mood or self-reported sleep quality were observed during energy balance or energy deficit. Thus, high-protein, low-carbohydrate, moderate-fat diets do not appear to benefit or impair cognition, mood or sleep in non-obese adults during energy deficit. These findings suggest that energy deficit may initially be psychologically difficult for non-obese individuals attempting to lose weight, but that these changes are transient. Employing strategies that alleviate decrements in mood during this initial period of adaptation may help sustain weight loss efforts.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>25479571</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.11.068</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Affect - physiology amino acids Amino Acids - blood body mass index Caloric Restriction - methods carbohydrate intake carbohydrates Cognition Cognition - physiology Dietary Carbohydrates - administration & dosage dietary fat Dietary Proteins - administration & dosage emotions energy intake Female Humans Macronutrient composition Male Neurotransmitter precursor Overweight - diet therapy Overweight - physiopathology Overweight - psychology protein intake proteins Psychiatry Recommended dietary allowance Self Report Sleep Sleep - physiology Weight loss Young Adult young adults |
title | Transient decrements in mood during energy deficit are independent of dietary protein-to-carbohydrate ratio |
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