Comparative LCA of treatment options for US scrap tires: material recycling and tire-derived fuel combustion
PURPOSE: This life cycle assessment (LCA) study compares two prevalent end-of-life (EOL) treatment methods for scrap tires: material recycling and energy recovery. The primary intended use of the study results is to inform stakeholders of the relative environmental burdens and trade-offs associated...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The international journal of life cycle assessment 2013-03, Vol.18 (3), p.613-625 |
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| creator | Feraldi, Rebe Cashman, Sarah Huff, Melissa Raahauge, Lars |
| description | PURPOSE: This life cycle assessment (LCA) study compares two prevalent end-of-life (EOL) treatment methods for scrap tires: material recycling and energy recovery. The primary intended use of the study results is to inform stakeholders of the relative environmental burdens and trade-offs associated with these two EOL vehicle tire treatment methods. The study supports prioritization of the waste treatment hierarchy for this material stream in the US. METHODS: This LCA compares (1) material recycling through ambient-temperature mechanical processing and (2) energy recovery through co-incineration of both whole and preprocessed scrap tires at a cement kiln. The avoided burden recycling methodology reflects the substitution of virgin synthetic rubber used in asphalt modification with the ground tire rubber from material recycling and the substitution of conventional kiln fuels with the tire-derived fuel (TDF). Both attributional (ALCA) and consequential (CLCA) methodologies are used: the ALCA assesses the environmental profiles of the treatment methods and the CLCA examines the potential effects of shifting more scrap tires to material recycling. The attributional portion of the LCA study was conducted in accordance with ISO standards 14044 series. RESULTS: The results in both methodological approaches indicate that the material recycling scenario provides greater impact reductions than the energy recovery scenario in terms of the examined environmental impact potentials: energy demand, iron ore consumption, global warming potential, acidification, eutrophication, smog formation, and respiratory effects. The additional impact reductions from material recycling are significant, and the establishment of new infrastructure required for a shift to material recycling incurs relatively insignificant burdens. Sensitivity analyses indicate that this conclusion does not change for (1) a range of TDF heating values, (2) a decrease in the mixed scrap tire rubber-to-steel composition ratio, (3) two alternative electricity grid fuel mixes with higher and lower carbon dioxide emission rankings than that of the baseline scenario, or (4) a comparison of material recycling to energy recovery when TDF is used in pulp and paper mills instead of cement kilns. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide a basis for more informed decision-making when prioritizing scrap tire waste treatment hierarchy. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11367-012-0514-8 |
| format | Article |
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The primary intended use of the study results is to inform stakeholders of the relative environmental burdens and trade-offs associated with these two EOL vehicle tire treatment methods. The study supports prioritization of the waste treatment hierarchy for this material stream in the US. METHODS: This LCA compares (1) material recycling through ambient-temperature mechanical processing and (2) energy recovery through co-incineration of both whole and preprocessed scrap tires at a cement kiln. The avoided burden recycling methodology reflects the substitution of virgin synthetic rubber used in asphalt modification with the ground tire rubber from material recycling and the substitution of conventional kiln fuels with the tire-derived fuel (TDF). Both attributional (ALCA) and consequential (CLCA) methodologies are used: the ALCA assesses the environmental profiles of the treatment methods and the CLCA examines the potential effects of shifting more scrap tires to material recycling. The attributional portion of the LCA study was conducted in accordance with ISO standards 14044 series. RESULTS: The results in both methodological approaches indicate that the material recycling scenario provides greater impact reductions than the energy recovery scenario in terms of the examined environmental impact potentials: energy demand, iron ore consumption, global warming potential, acidification, eutrophication, smog formation, and respiratory effects. The additional impact reductions from material recycling are significant, and the establishment of new infrastructure required for a shift to material recycling incurs relatively insignificant burdens. Sensitivity analyses indicate that this conclusion does not change for (1) a range of TDF heating values, (2) a decrease in the mixed scrap tire rubber-to-steel composition ratio, (3) two alternative electricity grid fuel mixes with higher and lower carbon dioxide emission rankings than that of the baseline scenario, or (4) a comparison of material recycling to energy recovery when TDF is used in pulp and paper mills instead of cement kilns. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide a basis for more informed decision-making when prioritizing scrap tire waste treatment hierarchy.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0948-3349</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1614-7502</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11367-012-0514-8</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag</publisher><subject>Acidification ; ambient temperature ; Asphalt ; Automotive components ; Carbon dioxide ; Carbon dioxide emissions ; Cement ; Chloride channels (calcium-gated) ; Climate change ; combustion ; Decision making ; Earth and Environmental Science ; electricity ; energy ; Energy demand ; Energy recovery ; Environment ; Environmental assessment ; Environmental Chemistry ; Environmental Economics ; Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology ; Environmental impact ; Eutrophication ; fuels ; Global warming ; heat ; Incineration ; infrastructure ; Iron ores ; ISO standards ; kilns ; Lca of Waste Management Systems ; Life cycle analysis ; Life cycle assessment ; Life cycle engineering ; prioritization ; Product life cycle ; Pulp & paper mills ; pulp and paper mills ; Recycling ; Rubber ; Scrap ; Sensitivity analysis ; Smog ; stakeholders ; synthetic rubber ; TDF ; Tires ; Waste treatment</subject><ispartof>The international journal of life cycle assessment, 2013-03, Vol.18 (3), p.613-625</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012</rights><rights>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c447t-b7ac2d187f6c7b5326934bcc3424720b730d42c087ccbb6efe4b44569f5ae3913</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c447t-b7ac2d187f6c7b5326934bcc3424720b730d42c087ccbb6efe4b44569f5ae3913</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11367-012-0514-8$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11367-012-0514-8$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Feraldi, Rebe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cashman, Sarah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huff, Melissa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Raahauge, Lars</creatorcontrib><title>Comparative LCA of treatment options for US scrap tires: material recycling and tire-derived fuel combustion</title><title>The international journal of life cycle assessment</title><addtitle>Int J Life Cycle Assess</addtitle><description>PURPOSE: This life cycle assessment (LCA) study compares two prevalent end-of-life (EOL) treatment methods for scrap tires: material recycling and energy recovery. The primary intended use of the study results is to inform stakeholders of the relative environmental burdens and trade-offs associated with these two EOL vehicle tire treatment methods. The study supports prioritization of the waste treatment hierarchy for this material stream in the US. METHODS: This LCA compares (1) material recycling through ambient-temperature mechanical processing and (2) energy recovery through co-incineration of both whole and preprocessed scrap tires at a cement kiln. The avoided burden recycling methodology reflects the substitution of virgin synthetic rubber used in asphalt modification with the ground tire rubber from material recycling and the substitution of conventional kiln fuels with the tire-derived fuel (TDF). Both attributional (ALCA) and consequential (CLCA) methodologies are used: the ALCA assesses the environmental profiles of the treatment methods and the CLCA examines the potential effects of shifting more scrap tires to material recycling. The attributional portion of the LCA study was conducted in accordance with ISO standards 14044 series. RESULTS: The results in both methodological approaches indicate that the material recycling scenario provides greater impact reductions than the energy recovery scenario in terms of the examined environmental impact potentials: energy demand, iron ore consumption, global warming potential, acidification, eutrophication, smog formation, and respiratory effects. The additional impact reductions from material recycling are significant, and the establishment of new infrastructure required for a shift to material recycling incurs relatively insignificant burdens. Sensitivity analyses indicate that this conclusion does not change for (1) a range of TDF heating values, (2) a decrease in the mixed scrap tire rubber-to-steel composition ratio, (3) two alternative electricity grid fuel mixes with higher and lower carbon dioxide emission rankings than that of the baseline scenario, or (4) a comparison of material recycling to energy recovery when TDF is used in pulp and paper mills instead of cement kilns. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide a basis for more informed decision-making when prioritizing scrap tire waste treatment hierarchy.</description><subject>Acidification</subject><subject>ambient temperature</subject><subject>Asphalt</subject><subject>Automotive components</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide emissions</subject><subject>Cement</subject><subject>Chloride channels (calcium-gated)</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>combustion</subject><subject>Decision making</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>electricity</subject><subject>energy</subject><subject>Energy demand</subject><subject>Energy recovery</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental assessment</subject><subject>Environmental Chemistry</subject><subject>Environmental Economics</subject><subject>Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology</subject><subject>Environmental impact</subject><subject>Eutrophication</subject><subject>fuels</subject><subject>Global warming</subject><subject>heat</subject><subject>Incineration</subject><subject>infrastructure</subject><subject>Iron ores</subject><subject>ISO standards</subject><subject>kilns</subject><subject>Lca of Waste Management Systems</subject><subject>Life cycle analysis</subject><subject>Life cycle assessment</subject><subject>Life cycle engineering</subject><subject>prioritization</subject><subject>Product life cycle</subject><subject>Pulp & paper mills</subject><subject>pulp and paper mills</subject><subject>Recycling</subject><subject>Rubber</subject><subject>Scrap</subject><subject>Sensitivity analysis</subject><subject>Smog</subject><subject>stakeholders</subject><subject>synthetic rubber</subject><subject>TDF</subject><subject>Tires</subject><subject>Waste 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Assess</stitle><date>2013-03-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>18</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>613</spage><epage>625</epage><pages>613-625</pages><issn>0948-3349</issn><eissn>1614-7502</eissn><abstract>PURPOSE: This life cycle assessment (LCA) study compares two prevalent end-of-life (EOL) treatment methods for scrap tires: material recycling and energy recovery. The primary intended use of the study results is to inform stakeholders of the relative environmental burdens and trade-offs associated with these two EOL vehicle tire treatment methods. The study supports prioritization of the waste treatment hierarchy for this material stream in the US. METHODS: This LCA compares (1) material recycling through ambient-temperature mechanical processing and (2) energy recovery through co-incineration of both whole and preprocessed scrap tires at a cement kiln. The avoided burden recycling methodology reflects the substitution of virgin synthetic rubber used in asphalt modification with the ground tire rubber from material recycling and the substitution of conventional kiln fuels with the tire-derived fuel (TDF). Both attributional (ALCA) and consequential (CLCA) methodologies are used: the ALCA assesses the environmental profiles of the treatment methods and the CLCA examines the potential effects of shifting more scrap tires to material recycling. The attributional portion of the LCA study was conducted in accordance with ISO standards 14044 series. RESULTS: The results in both methodological approaches indicate that the material recycling scenario provides greater impact reductions than the energy recovery scenario in terms of the examined environmental impact potentials: energy demand, iron ore consumption, global warming potential, acidification, eutrophication, smog formation, and respiratory effects. The additional impact reductions from material recycling are significant, and the establishment of new infrastructure required for a shift to material recycling incurs relatively insignificant burdens. Sensitivity analyses indicate that this conclusion does not change for (1) a range of TDF heating values, (2) a decrease in the mixed scrap tire rubber-to-steel composition ratio, (3) two alternative electricity grid fuel mixes with higher and lower carbon dioxide emission rankings than that of the baseline scenario, or (4) a comparison of material recycling to energy recovery when TDF is used in pulp and paper mills instead of cement kilns. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide a basis for more informed decision-making when prioritizing scrap tire waste treatment hierarchy.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer-Verlag</pub><doi>10.1007/s11367-012-0514-8</doi><tpages>13</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Acidification ambient temperature Asphalt Automotive components Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide emissions Cement Chloride channels (calcium-gated) Climate change combustion Decision making Earth and Environmental Science electricity energy Energy demand Energy recovery Environment Environmental assessment Environmental Chemistry Environmental Economics Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology Environmental impact Eutrophication fuels Global warming heat Incineration infrastructure Iron ores ISO standards kilns Lca of Waste Management Systems Life cycle analysis Life cycle assessment Life cycle engineering prioritization Product life cycle Pulp & paper mills pulp and paper mills Recycling Rubber Scrap Sensitivity analysis Smog stakeholders synthetic rubber TDF Tires Waste treatment |
| title | Comparative LCA of treatment options for US scrap tires: material recycling and tire-derived fuel combustion |
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