Ginkgo Biloba Extract (EGb 761) Promotes Peripheral Nerve Regeneration and Neovascularization After Acellular Nerve Allografts in a Rat Model
This study aimed to investigate whether or not ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) enhances peripheral nerve regeneration and vascularization after repair using acellular nerve allografts (ANA). Seventy-two Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups: a unilateral 15-mm scia...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Cellular and molecular neurobiology 2015-03, Vol.35 (2), p.273-282 |
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| container_title | Cellular and molecular neurobiology |
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| creator | Zhu, Zhaowei Zhou, Xiang He, Bo Dai, Ting Zheng, Canbin Yang, Chuang Zhu, Shuang Zhu, Jiakai Zhu, Qingtang Liu, Xiaolin |
| description | This study aimed to investigate whether or not ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) enhances peripheral nerve regeneration and vascularization after repair using acellular nerve allografts (ANA). Seventy-two Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups: a unilateral 15-mm sciatic nerve defect was created and repaired with an autologous graft (autograft group); the same defect was repaired with an 18 mm ANA with an i.p. injection of normal saline for 10 days (saline group); and in the final group, the same defect was repaired with an 18 mm ANA with an i.p. injection of EGb 761 for 10 days (EGb 761 group). Axon outgrowth and vascularization were evaluated by immunocytochemistry 14 days post-implantation. The expression of genes associated with angiogenesis was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) seven days post-implantation. Compared with the saline group, rats in the EGb 761 group significantly increased the number of myelinated fibers and the average diameter of the nerves within the graft. There is no significant difference between the EGb 761 group and the autograft group. The expression of CD34 and NF200 was significantly higher in the EGb 761 group than in the saline group. Additionally, EGb 761 treatment increased the expression of several angiogenesis-related genes, including Vegf, SOX18, Prom 1, and IL-6. In conclusion, ANA repair with EGb 761 treatment demonstrates effects on peripheral nerve regeneration and vascularization that are equal to those of autologous graft repair, and that are superior to ANA repair alone. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10571-014-0122-1 |
| format | Article |
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Seventy-two Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups: a unilateral 15-mm sciatic nerve defect was created and repaired with an autologous graft (autograft group); the same defect was repaired with an 18 mm ANA with an i.p. injection of normal saline for 10 days (saline group); and in the final group, the same defect was repaired with an 18 mm ANA with an i.p. injection of EGb 761 for 10 days (EGb 761 group). Axon outgrowth and vascularization were evaluated by immunocytochemistry 14 days post-implantation. The expression of genes associated with angiogenesis was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) seven days post-implantation. Compared with the saline group, rats in the EGb 761 group significantly increased the number of myelinated fibers and the average diameter of the nerves within the graft. There is no significant difference between the EGb 761 group and the autograft group. The expression of CD34 and NF200 was significantly higher in the EGb 761 group than in the saline group. Additionally, EGb 761 treatment increased the expression of several angiogenesis-related genes, including Vegf, SOX18, Prom 1, and IL-6. In conclusion, ANA repair with EGb 761 treatment demonstrates effects on peripheral nerve regeneration and vascularization that are equal to those of autologous graft repair, and that are superior to ANA repair alone.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0272-4340</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1573-6830</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-6830</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0122-1</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25319407</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Boston: Springer US</publisher><subject>Allografts - blood supply ; Allografts - drug effects ; Animals ; Antigens, CD34 - metabolism ; Axons - drug effects ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biomedicine ; Cell Biology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Ginkgo biloba ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Muscles - drug effects ; Myelin Sheath - drug effects ; Myelin Sheath - ultrastructure ; Neovascularization, Physiologic - drug effects ; Nerve Regeneration - drug effects ; Neurobiology ; Neurosciences ; Organ Size - drug effects ; Original Research ; Plant Extracts - pharmacology ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sciatic Nerve - drug effects ; Sciatic Nerve - pathology ; Sciatic Nerve - transplantation ; Sciatic Nerve - ultrastructure</subject><ispartof>Cellular and molecular neurobiology, 2015-03, Vol.35 (2), p.273-282</ispartof><rights>Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c414t-56ffddc4fa470c1c21988913460c559159a4b32831ed520161619c0c01c0fd673</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c414t-56ffddc4fa470c1c21988913460c559159a4b32831ed520161619c0c01c0fd673</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10571-014-0122-1$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10571-014-0122-1$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25319407$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Zhaowei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Xiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>He, Bo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dai, Ting</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zheng, Canbin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Chuang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Shuang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Jiakai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Qingtang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Xiaolin</creatorcontrib><title>Ginkgo Biloba Extract (EGb 761) Promotes Peripheral Nerve Regeneration and Neovascularization After Acellular Nerve Allografts in a Rat Model</title><title>Cellular and molecular neurobiology</title><addtitle>Cell Mol Neurobiol</addtitle><addtitle>Cell Mol Neurobiol</addtitle><description>This study aimed to investigate whether or not ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) enhances peripheral nerve regeneration and vascularization after repair using acellular nerve allografts (ANA). Seventy-two Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups: a unilateral 15-mm sciatic nerve defect was created and repaired with an autologous graft (autograft group); the same defect was repaired with an 18 mm ANA with an i.p. injection of normal saline for 10 days (saline group); and in the final group, the same defect was repaired with an 18 mm ANA with an i.p. injection of EGb 761 for 10 days (EGb 761 group). Axon outgrowth and vascularization were evaluated by immunocytochemistry 14 days post-implantation. The expression of genes associated with angiogenesis was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) seven days post-implantation. Compared with the saline group, rats in the EGb 761 group significantly increased the number of myelinated fibers and the average diameter of the nerves within the graft. There is no significant difference between the EGb 761 group and the autograft group. The expression of CD34 and NF200 was significantly higher in the EGb 761 group than in the saline group. Additionally, EGb 761 treatment increased the expression of several angiogenesis-related genes, including Vegf, SOX18, Prom 1, and IL-6. In conclusion, ANA repair with EGb 761 treatment demonstrates effects on peripheral nerve regeneration and vascularization that are equal to those of autologous graft repair, and that are superior to ANA repair alone.</description><subject>Allografts - blood supply</subject><subject>Allografts - drug effects</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antigens, CD34 - metabolism</subject><subject>Axons - drug effects</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomedicine</subject><subject>Cell Biology</subject><subject>Disease Models, Animal</subject><subject>Ginkgo biloba</subject><subject>Immunohistochemistry</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Muscles - drug effects</subject><subject>Myelin Sheath - drug effects</subject><subject>Myelin Sheath - ultrastructure</subject><subject>Neovascularization, Physiologic - drug effects</subject><subject>Nerve Regeneration - drug effects</subject><subject>Neurobiology</subject><subject>Neurosciences</subject><subject>Organ Size - drug effects</subject><subject>Original Research</subject><subject>Plant Extracts - pharmacology</subject><subject>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</subject><subject>Sciatic Nerve - drug effects</subject><subject>Sciatic Nerve - pathology</subject><subject>Sciatic Nerve - transplantation</subject><subject>Sciatic Nerve - ultrastructure</subject><issn>0272-4340</issn><issn>1573-6830</issn><issn>1573-6830</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9UU1vEzEQtRCIpoUfwAX5WA5LZ7z2fhxDFVKkllYVnC3HOxu2OOtgeyvgP_Q_42gDR2SNLL9578kzj7E3CO8RoL6ICKrGAlDmEqLAZ2yBqi6LqinhOVuAqEUhSwkn7DTGBwBoAdRLdiJUia2EesGe1sP4fev5h8H5jeGrnykYm_j5ar3hdYXv-F3wO58o8jsKw_4bBeP4ZwqPxO9pS2N-p8GP3Ixdhv2jiXZyJgy_Z3jZJwp8acm5A3xULp3z22D6FPmQpfzeJH7jO3Kv2IveuEivj_cZ-_px9eXyqri-XX-6XF4XVqJMhar6vuus7I2swaIV2DZNi6WswCrVomqN3JSiKZE6JQCrfFoLFtBC31V1ecbOZ9998D8miknvhnj4pBnJT1FjpRqJqmkhU3Gm2uBjDNTrfRh2JvzSCPqQgp5T0DkFfUhBY9a8PdpPmx11_xR_154JYibE3Bq3FPSDn8KYR_6P6x9Q-pFg</recordid><startdate>20150301</startdate><enddate>20150301</enddate><creator>Zhu, Zhaowei</creator><creator>Zhou, Xiang</creator><creator>He, Bo</creator><creator>Dai, Ting</creator><creator>Zheng, Canbin</creator><creator>Yang, Chuang</creator><creator>Zhu, Shuang</creator><creator>Zhu, Jiakai</creator><creator>Zhu, Qingtang</creator><creator>Liu, Xiaolin</creator><general>Springer US</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150301</creationdate><title>Ginkgo Biloba Extract (EGb 761) Promotes Peripheral Nerve Regeneration and Neovascularization After Acellular Nerve Allografts in a Rat Model</title><author>Zhu, Zhaowei ; Zhou, Xiang ; He, Bo ; Dai, Ting ; Zheng, Canbin ; Yang, Chuang ; Zhu, Shuang ; Zhu, Jiakai ; Zhu, Qingtang ; Liu, Xiaolin</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c414t-56ffddc4fa470c1c21988913460c559159a4b32831ed520161619c0c01c0fd673</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Allografts - blood supply</topic><topic>Allografts - drug effects</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antigens, CD34 - metabolism</topic><topic>Axons - drug effects</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biomedicine</topic><topic>Cell Biology</topic><topic>Disease Models, Animal</topic><topic>Ginkgo biloba</topic><topic>Immunohistochemistry</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Muscles - drug effects</topic><topic>Myelin Sheath - drug effects</topic><topic>Myelin Sheath - ultrastructure</topic><topic>Neovascularization, Physiologic - drug effects</topic><topic>Nerve Regeneration - drug effects</topic><topic>Neurobiology</topic><topic>Neurosciences</topic><topic>Organ Size - drug effects</topic><topic>Original Research</topic><topic>Plant Extracts - pharmacology</topic><topic>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</topic><topic>Sciatic Nerve - drug effects</topic><topic>Sciatic Nerve - pathology</topic><topic>Sciatic Nerve - transplantation</topic><topic>Sciatic Nerve - ultrastructure</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Zhaowei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Xiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>He, Bo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dai, Ting</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zheng, Canbin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Chuang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Shuang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Jiakai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Qingtang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Xiaolin</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Cellular and molecular neurobiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Zhu, Zhaowei</au><au>Zhou, Xiang</au><au>He, Bo</au><au>Dai, Ting</au><au>Zheng, Canbin</au><au>Yang, Chuang</au><au>Zhu, Shuang</au><au>Zhu, Jiakai</au><au>Zhu, Qingtang</au><au>Liu, Xiaolin</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Ginkgo Biloba Extract (EGb 761) Promotes Peripheral Nerve Regeneration and Neovascularization After Acellular Nerve Allografts in a Rat Model</atitle><jtitle>Cellular and molecular neurobiology</jtitle><stitle>Cell Mol Neurobiol</stitle><addtitle>Cell Mol Neurobiol</addtitle><date>2015-03-01</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>35</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>273</spage><epage>282</epage><pages>273-282</pages><issn>0272-4340</issn><issn>1573-6830</issn><eissn>1573-6830</eissn><abstract>This study aimed to investigate whether or not ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) enhances peripheral nerve regeneration and vascularization after repair using acellular nerve allografts (ANA). Seventy-two Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups: a unilateral 15-mm sciatic nerve defect was created and repaired with an autologous graft (autograft group); the same defect was repaired with an 18 mm ANA with an i.p. injection of normal saline for 10 days (saline group); and in the final group, the same defect was repaired with an 18 mm ANA with an i.p. injection of EGb 761 for 10 days (EGb 761 group). Axon outgrowth and vascularization were evaluated by immunocytochemistry 14 days post-implantation. The expression of genes associated with angiogenesis was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) seven days post-implantation. Compared with the saline group, rats in the EGb 761 group significantly increased the number of myelinated fibers and the average diameter of the nerves within the graft. There is no significant difference between the EGb 761 group and the autograft group. The expression of CD34 and NF200 was significantly higher in the EGb 761 group than in the saline group. Additionally, EGb 761 treatment increased the expression of several angiogenesis-related genes, including Vegf, SOX18, Prom 1, and IL-6. In conclusion, ANA repair with EGb 761 treatment demonstrates effects on peripheral nerve regeneration and vascularization that are equal to those of autologous graft repair, and that are superior to ANA repair alone.</abstract><cop>Boston</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><pmid>25319407</pmid><doi>10.1007/s10571-014-0122-1</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Allografts - blood supply Allografts - drug effects Animals Antigens, CD34 - metabolism Axons - drug effects Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Cell Biology Disease Models, Animal Ginkgo biloba Immunohistochemistry Male Muscles - drug effects Myelin Sheath - drug effects Myelin Sheath - ultrastructure Neovascularization, Physiologic - drug effects Nerve Regeneration - drug effects Neurobiology Neurosciences Organ Size - drug effects Original Research Plant Extracts - pharmacology Rats, Sprague-Dawley Sciatic Nerve - drug effects Sciatic Nerve - pathology Sciatic Nerve - transplantation Sciatic Nerve - ultrastructure |
| title | Ginkgo Biloba Extract (EGb 761) Promotes Peripheral Nerve Regeneration and Neovascularization After Acellular Nerve Allografts in a Rat Model |
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