Changes of Migraine-Related White Matter Hyperintensities After 3 Years: A Longitudinal MRI Study
Objective/Background The aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate changes of migraine‐related brain white matter hyperintensities 3 years after an initial study. Baseline quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of migraine patients with hemispheric white matter hyperintensitie...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Headache 2015-01, Vol.55 (1), p.55-70 |
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| creator | Erdélyi-Bótor, Szilvia Aradi, Mihály Kamson, David Olayinka Kovács, Norbert Perlaki, Gábor Orsi, Gergely Nagy, Szilvia Anett Schwarcz, Attila Dóczi, Tamás Komoly, Sámuel Deli, Gabriella Trauninger, Anita Pfund, Zoltán |
| description | Objective/Background
The aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate changes of migraine‐related brain white matter hyperintensities 3 years after an initial study. Baseline quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of migraine patients with hemispheric white matter hyperintensities performed in 2009 demonstrated signs of tissue damage within the hyperintensities. The hyperintensities appeared most frequently in the deep white matter of the frontal lobe with a similar average hyperintensity size in all hemispheric lobes. Since in this patient group the repeated migraine attacks were the only known risk factors for the development of white matter hyperintensities, the remeasurements of migraineurs after a 3‐year long follow‐up may show changes in the status of these structural abnormalities as the effects of the repeated headaches.
Methods
The same patient group was reinvestigated in 2012 using the same MRI scanner and acquisition protocol. MR measurements were performed on a 3.0‐Tesla clinical MRI scanner. Beyond the routine T1‐, T2‐weighted, and fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery imaging, diffusion and perfusion‐weighted imaging, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and T1 and T2 relaxation time measurements were also performed. Findings of the baseline and follow‐up studies were compared with each other.
Results
The follow‐up proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of white matter hyperintensities showed significantly decreased N‐acetyl‐aspartate (median values 8.133 vs 7.153 mmol/L, P = .009) and creatine/phosphocreatine (median values 4.970 vs 4.641 mmol/L, P = .015) concentrations compared to the baseline, indicating a more severe axonal loss and glial hypocellularity with decreased intracellular energy production. The diffusion values, the T1 and T2 relaxation times, and the cerebral blood flow and volume measurements presented only mild changes between the studies. The number (median values 21 vs 25, P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/head.12459 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1654696541</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>3562155341</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4649-cc156d0e1d23bae289fa31c3236c1559ac3daf09f034bc8bac4e5c4e12271f6c3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkV-LEzEUxYMobl198QNIwBcRZs3_aXwr3bVdmCquK4tPIc3cabNOZ2qSQfvtzdjdffBBvBAuSX7nwOEg9JKSM5rn3RZsfUaZkPoRmlDJVCEUJY_RhBBaFtNSTE_QsxhvCSFCafUUnTDJqZZMT5Cdb223gYj7Bq_8JljfQXEFrU1Q45utT4BXNiUIeHnYQ_Bdgi765LNi1ozPHH8DG-J7PMNV3218Gmrf2Ravri7xl3w5PEdPGttGeHG3T9HXDxfX82VRfVpczmdV4YQSunCOSlUToDXjawtsqhvLqeOMq_wjtXW8tg3RDeFi7aZr6wTIfChjJW2U46fozdF3H_ofA8Rkdj46aFvbQT9EQ5Uc00tB_wdlXFMiVUZf_4Xe9kPIAUdKKMml1ixTb4-UC32MARqzD35nw8FQYsaOzNiR-dNRhl_dWQ7rHdQP6H0pGaBH4Kdv4fAPK7O8mJ3fmxZHjY8Jfj1obPhuVMlLaW4-LsxcV5-rBb025_w39F-pRA</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1646535992</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Changes of Migraine-Related White Matter Hyperintensities After 3 Years: A Longitudinal MRI Study</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Wiley Online Library All Journals</source><creator>Erdélyi-Bótor, Szilvia ; Aradi, Mihály ; Kamson, David Olayinka ; Kovács, Norbert ; Perlaki, Gábor ; Orsi, Gergely ; Nagy, Szilvia Anett ; Schwarcz, Attila ; Dóczi, Tamás ; Komoly, Sámuel ; Deli, Gabriella ; Trauninger, Anita ; Pfund, Zoltán</creator><creatorcontrib>Erdélyi-Bótor, Szilvia ; Aradi, Mihály ; Kamson, David Olayinka ; Kovács, Norbert ; Perlaki, Gábor ; Orsi, Gergely ; Nagy, Szilvia Anett ; Schwarcz, Attila ; Dóczi, Tamás ; Komoly, Sámuel ; Deli, Gabriella ; Trauninger, Anita ; Pfund, Zoltán</creatorcontrib><description>Objective/Background
The aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate changes of migraine‐related brain white matter hyperintensities 3 years after an initial study. Baseline quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of migraine patients with hemispheric white matter hyperintensities performed in 2009 demonstrated signs of tissue damage within the hyperintensities. The hyperintensities appeared most frequently in the deep white matter of the frontal lobe with a similar average hyperintensity size in all hemispheric lobes. Since in this patient group the repeated migraine attacks were the only known risk factors for the development of white matter hyperintensities, the remeasurements of migraineurs after a 3‐year long follow‐up may show changes in the status of these structural abnormalities as the effects of the repeated headaches.
Methods
The same patient group was reinvestigated in 2012 using the same MRI scanner and acquisition protocol. MR measurements were performed on a 3.0‐Tesla clinical MRI scanner. Beyond the routine T1‐, T2‐weighted, and fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery imaging, diffusion and perfusion‐weighted imaging, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and T1 and T2 relaxation time measurements were also performed. Findings of the baseline and follow‐up studies were compared with each other.
Results
The follow‐up proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of white matter hyperintensities showed significantly decreased N‐acetyl‐aspartate (median values 8.133 vs 7.153 mmol/L, P = .009) and creatine/phosphocreatine (median values 4.970 vs 4.641 mmol/L, P = .015) concentrations compared to the baseline, indicating a more severe axonal loss and glial hypocellularity with decreased intracellular energy production. The diffusion values, the T1 and T2 relaxation times, and the cerebral blood flow and volume measurements presented only mild changes between the studies. The number (median values 21 vs 25, P < .001) and volume (median values 0.896 vs 1.140 mL, P < .001) of hyperintensities were significantly higher in the follow‐up study. No changes were found in the hemispheric and lobar distribution of hyperintensities. An increase in the hyperintensity size of preexisting lesions was much more common than a decrease (median values 14 vs 5, P = .004). A higher number of newly developed hyperintensities were detected than disappeared ones (130 vs 22), and most of them were small (<.034 mL). Small white matter hyperintensities in patients with a low migraine attack frequency had a higher chance to disappear than large white matter hyperintensities or white matter hyperintensities in patients with a high attack frequency (coefficient: −0.517, P = .034).
Conclusions
This longitudinal MRI study found clinically silent brain white matter hyperintensities to be predominantly progressive in nature. The absence of a control group precludes definitive conclusions about the nature of these changes or if their degree is beyond normal aging.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0017-8748</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1526-4610</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/head.12459</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25319529</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Adult ; Aged ; Aspartic Acid - analogs & derivatives ; Aspartic Acid - metabolism ; Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ; brain white matter hyperintensity ; Creatine - metabolism ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Drug therapy ; Female ; Frontal Lobe - metabolism ; Frontal Lobe - pathology ; Functional Laterality ; Headaches ; Humans ; Inositol - metabolism ; Leukoencephalopathies - etiology ; Leukoencephalopathies - pathology ; longitudinal analysis ; Longitudinal Studies ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; migraine ; Migraine Disorders - complications ; NMR ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Patients ; Protons ; quantitative 3.0-Tesla MRI ; Studies ; volumetry ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Headache, 2015-01, Vol.55 (1), p.55-70</ispartof><rights>2014 American Headache Society</rights><rights>2014 American Headache Society.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2015 American Headache Society</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4649-cc156d0e1d23bae289fa31c3236c1559ac3daf09f034bc8bac4e5c4e12271f6c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4649-cc156d0e1d23bae289fa31c3236c1559ac3daf09f034bc8bac4e5c4e12271f6c3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fhead.12459$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fhead.12459$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,1418,27929,27930,45579,45580</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25319529$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Erdélyi-Bótor, Szilvia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aradi, Mihály</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kamson, David Olayinka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kovács, Norbert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Perlaki, Gábor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Orsi, Gergely</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nagy, Szilvia Anett</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schwarcz, Attila</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dóczi, Tamás</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Komoly, Sámuel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Deli, Gabriella</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trauninger, Anita</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pfund, Zoltán</creatorcontrib><title>Changes of Migraine-Related White Matter Hyperintensities After 3 Years: A Longitudinal MRI Study</title><title>Headache</title><addtitle>Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain</addtitle><description>Objective/Background
The aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate changes of migraine‐related brain white matter hyperintensities 3 years after an initial study. Baseline quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of migraine patients with hemispheric white matter hyperintensities performed in 2009 demonstrated signs of tissue damage within the hyperintensities. The hyperintensities appeared most frequently in the deep white matter of the frontal lobe with a similar average hyperintensity size in all hemispheric lobes. Since in this patient group the repeated migraine attacks were the only known risk factors for the development of white matter hyperintensities, the remeasurements of migraineurs after a 3‐year long follow‐up may show changes in the status of these structural abnormalities as the effects of the repeated headaches.
Methods
The same patient group was reinvestigated in 2012 using the same MRI scanner and acquisition protocol. MR measurements were performed on a 3.0‐Tesla clinical MRI scanner. Beyond the routine T1‐, T2‐weighted, and fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery imaging, diffusion and perfusion‐weighted imaging, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and T1 and T2 relaxation time measurements were also performed. Findings of the baseline and follow‐up studies were compared with each other.
Results
The follow‐up proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of white matter hyperintensities showed significantly decreased N‐acetyl‐aspartate (median values 8.133 vs 7.153 mmol/L, P = .009) and creatine/phosphocreatine (median values 4.970 vs 4.641 mmol/L, P = .015) concentrations compared to the baseline, indicating a more severe axonal loss and glial hypocellularity with decreased intracellular energy production. The diffusion values, the T1 and T2 relaxation times, and the cerebral blood flow and volume measurements presented only mild changes between the studies. The number (median values 21 vs 25, P < .001) and volume (median values 0.896 vs 1.140 mL, P < .001) of hyperintensities were significantly higher in the follow‐up study. No changes were found in the hemispheric and lobar distribution of hyperintensities. An increase in the hyperintensity size of preexisting lesions was much more common than a decrease (median values 14 vs 5, P = .004). A higher number of newly developed hyperintensities were detected than disappeared ones (130 vs 22), and most of them were small (<.034 mL). Small white matter hyperintensities in patients with a low migraine attack frequency had a higher chance to disappear than large white matter hyperintensities or white matter hyperintensities in patients with a high attack frequency (coefficient: −0.517, P = .034).
Conclusions
This longitudinal MRI study found clinically silent brain white matter hyperintensities to be predominantly progressive in nature. The absence of a control group precludes definitive conclusions about the nature of these changes or if their degree is beyond normal aging.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aspartic Acid - analogs & derivatives</subject><subject>Aspartic Acid - metabolism</subject><subject>Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder</subject><subject>brain white matter hyperintensity</subject><subject>Creatine - metabolism</subject><subject>Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging</subject><subject>Drug therapy</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Frontal Lobe - metabolism</subject><subject>Frontal Lobe - pathology</subject><subject>Functional Laterality</subject><subject>Headaches</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Inositol - metabolism</subject><subject>Leukoencephalopathies - etiology</subject><subject>Leukoencephalopathies - pathology</subject><subject>longitudinal analysis</subject><subject>Longitudinal Studies</subject><subject>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</subject><subject>Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>migraine</subject><subject>Migraine Disorders - complications</subject><subject>NMR</subject><subject>Nuclear magnetic resonance</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Protons</subject><subject>quantitative 3.0-Tesla MRI</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>volumetry</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0017-8748</issn><issn>1526-4610</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkV-LEzEUxYMobl198QNIwBcRZs3_aXwr3bVdmCquK4tPIc3cabNOZ2qSQfvtzdjdffBBvBAuSX7nwOEg9JKSM5rn3RZsfUaZkPoRmlDJVCEUJY_RhBBaFtNSTE_QsxhvCSFCafUUnTDJqZZMT5Cdb223gYj7Bq_8JljfQXEFrU1Q45utT4BXNiUIeHnYQ_Bdgi765LNi1ozPHH8DG-J7PMNV3218Gmrf2Ravri7xl3w5PEdPGttGeHG3T9HXDxfX82VRfVpczmdV4YQSunCOSlUToDXjawtsqhvLqeOMq_wjtXW8tg3RDeFi7aZr6wTIfChjJW2U46fozdF3H_ofA8Rkdj46aFvbQT9EQ5Uc00tB_wdlXFMiVUZf_4Xe9kPIAUdKKMml1ixTb4-UC32MARqzD35nw8FQYsaOzNiR-dNRhl_dWQ7rHdQP6H0pGaBH4Kdv4fAPK7O8mJ3fmxZHjY8Jfj1obPhuVMlLaW4-LsxcV5-rBb025_w39F-pRA</recordid><startdate>201501</startdate><enddate>201501</enddate><creator>Erdélyi-Bótor, Szilvia</creator><creator>Aradi, Mihály</creator><creator>Kamson, David Olayinka</creator><creator>Kovács, Norbert</creator><creator>Perlaki, Gábor</creator><creator>Orsi, Gergely</creator><creator>Nagy, Szilvia Anett</creator><creator>Schwarcz, Attila</creator><creator>Dóczi, Tamás</creator><creator>Komoly, Sámuel</creator><creator>Deli, Gabriella</creator><creator>Trauninger, Anita</creator><creator>Pfund, Zoltán</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201501</creationdate><title>Changes of Migraine-Related White Matter Hyperintensities After 3 Years: A Longitudinal MRI Study</title><author>Erdélyi-Bótor, Szilvia ; Aradi, Mihály ; Kamson, David Olayinka ; Kovács, Norbert ; Perlaki, Gábor ; Orsi, Gergely ; Nagy, Szilvia Anett ; Schwarcz, Attila ; Dóczi, Tamás ; Komoly, Sámuel ; Deli, Gabriella ; Trauninger, Anita ; Pfund, Zoltán</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4649-cc156d0e1d23bae289fa31c3236c1559ac3daf09f034bc8bac4e5c4e12271f6c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aspartic Acid - analogs & derivatives</topic><topic>Aspartic Acid - metabolism</topic><topic>Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder</topic><topic>brain white matter hyperintensity</topic><topic>Creatine - metabolism</topic><topic>Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging</topic><topic>Drug therapy</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Frontal Lobe - metabolism</topic><topic>Frontal Lobe - pathology</topic><topic>Functional Laterality</topic><topic>Headaches</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Inositol - metabolism</topic><topic>Leukoencephalopathies - etiology</topic><topic>Leukoencephalopathies - pathology</topic><topic>longitudinal analysis</topic><topic>Longitudinal Studies</topic><topic>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</topic><topic>Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>migraine</topic><topic>Migraine Disorders - complications</topic><topic>NMR</topic><topic>Nuclear magnetic resonance</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Protons</topic><topic>quantitative 3.0-Tesla MRI</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>volumetry</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Erdélyi-Bótor, Szilvia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aradi, Mihály</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kamson, David Olayinka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kovács, Norbert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Perlaki, Gábor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Orsi, Gergely</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nagy, Szilvia Anett</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schwarcz, Attila</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dóczi, Tamás</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Komoly, Sámuel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Deli, Gabriella</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trauninger, Anita</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pfund, Zoltán</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Headache</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Erdélyi-Bótor, Szilvia</au><au>Aradi, Mihály</au><au>Kamson, David Olayinka</au><au>Kovács, Norbert</au><au>Perlaki, Gábor</au><au>Orsi, Gergely</au><au>Nagy, Szilvia Anett</au><au>Schwarcz, Attila</au><au>Dóczi, Tamás</au><au>Komoly, Sámuel</au><au>Deli, Gabriella</au><au>Trauninger, Anita</au><au>Pfund, Zoltán</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Changes of Migraine-Related White Matter Hyperintensities After 3 Years: A Longitudinal MRI Study</atitle><jtitle>Headache</jtitle><addtitle>Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain</addtitle><date>2015-01</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>55</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>55</spage><epage>70</epage><pages>55-70</pages><issn>0017-8748</issn><eissn>1526-4610</eissn><abstract>Objective/Background
The aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate changes of migraine‐related brain white matter hyperintensities 3 years after an initial study. Baseline quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of migraine patients with hemispheric white matter hyperintensities performed in 2009 demonstrated signs of tissue damage within the hyperintensities. The hyperintensities appeared most frequently in the deep white matter of the frontal lobe with a similar average hyperintensity size in all hemispheric lobes. Since in this patient group the repeated migraine attacks were the only known risk factors for the development of white matter hyperintensities, the remeasurements of migraineurs after a 3‐year long follow‐up may show changes in the status of these structural abnormalities as the effects of the repeated headaches.
Methods
The same patient group was reinvestigated in 2012 using the same MRI scanner and acquisition protocol. MR measurements were performed on a 3.0‐Tesla clinical MRI scanner. Beyond the routine T1‐, T2‐weighted, and fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery imaging, diffusion and perfusion‐weighted imaging, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and T1 and T2 relaxation time measurements were also performed. Findings of the baseline and follow‐up studies were compared with each other.
Results
The follow‐up proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of white matter hyperintensities showed significantly decreased N‐acetyl‐aspartate (median values 8.133 vs 7.153 mmol/L, P = .009) and creatine/phosphocreatine (median values 4.970 vs 4.641 mmol/L, P = .015) concentrations compared to the baseline, indicating a more severe axonal loss and glial hypocellularity with decreased intracellular energy production. The diffusion values, the T1 and T2 relaxation times, and the cerebral blood flow and volume measurements presented only mild changes between the studies. The number (median values 21 vs 25, P < .001) and volume (median values 0.896 vs 1.140 mL, P < .001) of hyperintensities were significantly higher in the follow‐up study. No changes were found in the hemispheric and lobar distribution of hyperintensities. An increase in the hyperintensity size of preexisting lesions was much more common than a decrease (median values 14 vs 5, P = .004). A higher number of newly developed hyperintensities were detected than disappeared ones (130 vs 22), and most of them were small (<.034 mL). Small white matter hyperintensities in patients with a low migraine attack frequency had a higher chance to disappear than large white matter hyperintensities or white matter hyperintensities in patients with a high attack frequency (coefficient: −0.517, P = .034).
Conclusions
This longitudinal MRI study found clinically silent brain white matter hyperintensities to be predominantly progressive in nature. The absence of a control group precludes definitive conclusions about the nature of these changes or if their degree is beyond normal aging.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>25319529</pmid><doi>10.1111/head.12459</doi><tpages>16</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Headache, 2015-01, Vol.55 (1), p.55-70 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library All Journals |
| subjects | Adult Aged Aspartic Acid - analogs & derivatives Aspartic Acid - metabolism Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder brain white matter hyperintensity Creatine - metabolism Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Drug therapy Female Frontal Lobe - metabolism Frontal Lobe - pathology Functional Laterality Headaches Humans Inositol - metabolism Leukoencephalopathies - etiology Leukoencephalopathies - pathology longitudinal analysis Longitudinal Studies Magnetic Resonance Imaging Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Male Middle Aged migraine Migraine Disorders - complications NMR Nuclear magnetic resonance Patients Protons quantitative 3.0-Tesla MRI Studies volumetry Young Adult |
| title | Changes of Migraine-Related White Matter Hyperintensities After 3 Years: A Longitudinal MRI Study |
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