Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Testicular Cells of Male Wistar Rat
Serious concerns have been expressed about potential risks of engineered nanoparticles. Regulatory health risk assessment of such particles has become mandatory for the safe use in consumer products and medicines; also, the potential effects on reproduction and fertility are relevant for this risk e...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Applied biochemistry and biotechnology 2015-01, Vol.175 (2), p.825-840 |
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| description | Serious concerns have been expressed about potential risks of engineered nanoparticles. Regulatory health risk assessment of such particles has become mandatory for the safe use in consumer products and medicines; also, the potential effects on reproduction and fertility are relevant for this risk evaluation. In the present study, we examined the effects of intravenously injected titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂-NPs; 21 nm), with special emphasis on reproductive system. Antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase showed a significant decrease, while significant increase in lipid peroxidase was observed. Our results confirmed the bioaccumulation of TiO₂-NPs in testicular cells. In TiO₂-NPs-treated animals, various functional and pathological disorders, such as reduced sperm count, increase in caspase-3 (a biomarker of apoptosis), creatine kinase activity, DNA damage, and cell apoptosis were observed. Moreover, the testosterone activity was decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner in the animals treated with TiO₂-NPs as compared with control group animals. It is concluded that TiO₂-NPs induce oxidative stress, which produce cytotoxic and genotoxic changes in sperms which may affect the fertilizing potential of spermatozoa. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s12010-014-1299-y |
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Regulatory health risk assessment of such particles has become mandatory for the safe use in consumer products and medicines; also, the potential effects on reproduction and fertility are relevant for this risk evaluation. In the present study, we examined the effects of intravenously injected titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂-NPs; 21 nm), with special emphasis on reproductive system. Antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase showed a significant decrease, while significant increase in lipid peroxidase was observed. Our results confirmed the bioaccumulation of TiO₂-NPs in testicular cells. In TiO₂-NPs-treated animals, various functional and pathological disorders, such as reduced sperm count, increase in caspase-3 (a biomarker of apoptosis), creatine kinase activity, DNA damage, and cell apoptosis were observed. Moreover, the testosterone activity was decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner in the animals treated with TiO₂-NPs as compared with control group animals. It is concluded that TiO₂-NPs induce oxidative stress, which produce cytotoxic and genotoxic changes in sperms which may affect the fertilizing potential of spermatozoa.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0273-2289</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1559-0291</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1299-y</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25344432</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Boston: Springer-Verlag</publisher><subject>Animals ; antioxidants ; Apoptosis ; Bioaccumulation ; Biochemistry ; Bioengineering ; biomarkers ; Biotechnology ; Caspase 3 - metabolism ; caspase-3 ; catalase ; Catalase - metabolism ; Chemistry ; Chemistry and Materials Science ; Consumer products ; creatine kinase ; Creatine Kinase - metabolism ; Cytotoxicity ; Cytotoxins - toxicity ; DNA damage ; DNA Fragmentation - drug effects ; dose response ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Fertility ; Genetics ; genotoxicity ; glutathione peroxidase ; Glutathione Peroxidase - metabolism ; Health risks ; Injections, Intravenous ; intravenous injection ; Lipid Peroxidation - drug effects ; Male ; Nanoparticles ; Nanoparticles - toxicity ; Oligospermia - chemically induced ; Oligospermia - enzymology ; Oligospermia - pathology ; Oxidative Stress ; peroxidase ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; reproduction ; Reproductive system ; risk ; Risk assessment ; Rodents ; Sperm ; spermatozoa ; Spermatozoa - drug effects ; Spermatozoa - enzymology ; Spermatozoa - pathology ; superoxide dismutase ; Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism ; Testis - drug effects ; Testis - enzymology ; Testis - pathology ; testosterone ; Testosterone - blood ; Titanium - toxicity ; Titanium dioxide</subject><ispartof>Applied biochemistry and biotechnology, 2015-01, Vol.175 (2), p.825-840</ispartof><rights>Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014</rights><rights>Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c495t-900e154ba42d5a111c6c931e2f108d9ef7dfadea8bc23699cb6c56dc73d770c33</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c495t-900e154ba42d5a111c6c931e2f108d9ef7dfadea8bc23699cb6c56dc73d770c33</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12010-014-1299-y$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12010-014-1299-y$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25344432$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Meena, Ramovatar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kajal, Kumari</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>R., Paulraj</creatorcontrib><title>Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Testicular Cells of Male Wistar Rat</title><title>Applied biochemistry and biotechnology</title><addtitle>Appl Biochem Biotechnol</addtitle><addtitle>Appl Biochem Biotechnol</addtitle><description>Serious concerns have been expressed about potential risks of engineered nanoparticles. Regulatory health risk assessment of such particles has become mandatory for the safe use in consumer products and medicines; also, the potential effects on reproduction and fertility are relevant for this risk evaluation. In the present study, we examined the effects of intravenously injected titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂-NPs; 21 nm), with special emphasis on reproductive system. Antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase showed a significant decrease, while significant increase in lipid peroxidase was observed. Our results confirmed the bioaccumulation of TiO₂-NPs in testicular cells. In TiO₂-NPs-treated animals, various functional and pathological disorders, such as reduced sperm count, increase in caspase-3 (a biomarker of apoptosis), creatine kinase activity, DNA damage, and cell apoptosis were observed. Moreover, the testosterone activity was decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner in the animals treated with TiO₂-NPs as compared with control group animals. It is concluded that TiO₂-NPs induce oxidative stress, which produce cytotoxic and genotoxic changes in sperms which may affect the fertilizing potential of spermatozoa.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>antioxidants</subject><subject>Apoptosis</subject><subject>Bioaccumulation</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Bioengineering</subject><subject>biomarkers</subject><subject>Biotechnology</subject><subject>Caspase 3 - metabolism</subject><subject>caspase-3</subject><subject>catalase</subject><subject>Catalase - metabolism</subject><subject>Chemistry</subject><subject>Chemistry and Materials Science</subject><subject>Consumer products</subject><subject>creatine kinase</subject><subject>Creatine Kinase - metabolism</subject><subject>Cytotoxicity</subject><subject>Cytotoxins - toxicity</subject><subject>DNA damage</subject><subject>DNA Fragmentation - drug effects</subject><subject>dose response</subject><subject>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</subject><subject>Fertility</subject><subject>Genetics</subject><subject>genotoxicity</subject><subject>glutathione peroxidase</subject><subject>Glutathione Peroxidase - metabolism</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Injections, Intravenous</subject><subject>intravenous injection</subject><subject>Lipid Peroxidation - drug effects</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Nanoparticles</subject><subject>Nanoparticles - toxicity</subject><subject>Oligospermia - chemically induced</subject><subject>Oligospermia - enzymology</subject><subject>Oligospermia - pathology</subject><subject>Oxidative Stress</subject><subject>peroxidase</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Wistar</subject><subject>reproduction</subject><subject>Reproductive system</subject><subject>risk</subject><subject>Risk assessment</subject><subject>Rodents</subject><subject>Sperm</subject><subject>spermatozoa</subject><subject>Spermatozoa - drug effects</subject><subject>Spermatozoa - enzymology</subject><subject>Spermatozoa - pathology</subject><subject>superoxide dismutase</subject><subject>Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism</subject><subject>Testis - drug effects</subject><subject>Testis - enzymology</subject><subject>Testis - pathology</subject><subject>testosterone</subject><subject>Testosterone - blood</subject><subject>Titanium - toxicity</subject><subject>Titanium dioxide</subject><issn>0273-2289</issn><issn>1559-0291</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkk1v1DAQhq0K1G4LP6AXaokLl4DHH3F8RNtSkApIsBVHy-uP4iobb-1EYv89brNFqAeED7bG87wzY71G6BTIWyBEvitACZCGAG-AKtXsDtAChFANoQqeoQWhkjWUduoIHZdySwjQTshDdEQF45wzukA_l7sxjelXtNgMDl_6YR9dhODtWHAKeBVHM8Rpg89jTTmPv5ghbU0eo-19wXHAK19qMPUm46Xv-wfVZ9N7_COWsV5-M-ML9DyYvviX-_MEXX-4WC0_NldfLz8t3181lisxNooQD4KvDadOGACwrVUMPA1AOqd8kC4Y5023tpS1Stl1a0XrrGROSmIZO0Fv5rrbnO6mOpfexGLrUGbwaSoaWsHbru7qf1DKOkUlrejrJ-htmvJQH1Ip3gJ0lMtKwUzZnErJPuhtjhuTdxqIvndMz47p6pi-d0zvqubVvvK03nj3R_FoUQXoDJSaGm58_qv1P6qezaJgkjY3ORZ9_b1Cov6Bti7BfgMxsKn7</recordid><startdate>20150101</startdate><enddate>20150101</enddate><creator>Meena, Ramovatar</creator><creator>Kajal, Kumari</creator><creator>R., Paulraj</creator><general>Springer-Verlag</general><general>Springer US</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7QO</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150101</creationdate><title>Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Testicular Cells of Male Wistar Rat</title><author>Meena, Ramovatar ; Kajal, Kumari ; R., Paulraj</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c495t-900e154ba42d5a111c6c931e2f108d9ef7dfadea8bc23699cb6c56dc73d770c33</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>antioxidants</topic><topic>Apoptosis</topic><topic>Bioaccumulation</topic><topic>Biochemistry</topic><topic>Bioengineering</topic><topic>biomarkers</topic><topic>Biotechnology</topic><topic>Caspase 3 - metabolism</topic><topic>caspase-3</topic><topic>catalase</topic><topic>Catalase - metabolism</topic><topic>Chemistry</topic><topic>Chemistry and Materials Science</topic><topic>Consumer products</topic><topic>creatine kinase</topic><topic>Creatine Kinase - metabolism</topic><topic>Cytotoxicity</topic><topic>Cytotoxins - toxicity</topic><topic>DNA damage</topic><topic>DNA Fragmentation - drug effects</topic><topic>dose response</topic><topic>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</topic><topic>Fertility</topic><topic>Genetics</topic><topic>genotoxicity</topic><topic>glutathione peroxidase</topic><topic>Glutathione Peroxidase - metabolism</topic><topic>Health risks</topic><topic>Injections, Intravenous</topic><topic>intravenous injection</topic><topic>Lipid Peroxidation - drug effects</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Nanoparticles</topic><topic>Nanoparticles - toxicity</topic><topic>Oligospermia - chemically induced</topic><topic>Oligospermia - enzymology</topic><topic>Oligospermia - pathology</topic><topic>Oxidative Stress</topic><topic>peroxidase</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rats, Wistar</topic><topic>reproduction</topic><topic>Reproductive system</topic><topic>risk</topic><topic>Risk assessment</topic><topic>Rodents</topic><topic>Sperm</topic><topic>spermatozoa</topic><topic>Spermatozoa - drug effects</topic><topic>Spermatozoa - enzymology</topic><topic>Spermatozoa - pathology</topic><topic>superoxide dismutase</topic><topic>Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism</topic><topic>Testis - drug effects</topic><topic>Testis - enzymology</topic><topic>Testis - pathology</topic><topic>testosterone</topic><topic>Testosterone - blood</topic><topic>Titanium - toxicity</topic><topic>Titanium dioxide</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Meena, Ramovatar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kajal, Kumari</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>R., Paulraj</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Biology Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Applied biochemistry and biotechnology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Meena, Ramovatar</au><au>Kajal, Kumari</au><au>R., Paulraj</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Testicular Cells of Male Wistar Rat</atitle><jtitle>Applied biochemistry and biotechnology</jtitle><stitle>Appl Biochem Biotechnol</stitle><addtitle>Appl Biochem Biotechnol</addtitle><date>2015-01-01</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>175</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>825</spage><epage>840</epage><pages>825-840</pages><issn>0273-2289</issn><eissn>1559-0291</eissn><abstract>Serious concerns have been expressed about potential risks of engineered nanoparticles. Regulatory health risk assessment of such particles has become mandatory for the safe use in consumer products and medicines; also, the potential effects on reproduction and fertility are relevant for this risk evaluation. In the present study, we examined the effects of intravenously injected titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂-NPs; 21 nm), with special emphasis on reproductive system. Antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase showed a significant decrease, while significant increase in lipid peroxidase was observed. Our results confirmed the bioaccumulation of TiO₂-NPs in testicular cells. In TiO₂-NPs-treated animals, various functional and pathological disorders, such as reduced sperm count, increase in caspase-3 (a biomarker of apoptosis), creatine kinase activity, DNA damage, and cell apoptosis were observed. Moreover, the testosterone activity was decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner in the animals treated with TiO₂-NPs as compared with control group animals. It is concluded that TiO₂-NPs induce oxidative stress, which produce cytotoxic and genotoxic changes in sperms which may affect the fertilizing potential of spermatozoa.</abstract><cop>Boston</cop><pub>Springer-Verlag</pub><pmid>25344432</pmid><doi>10.1007/s12010-014-1299-y</doi><tpages>16</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animals antioxidants Apoptosis Bioaccumulation Biochemistry Bioengineering biomarkers Biotechnology Caspase 3 - metabolism caspase-3 catalase Catalase - metabolism Chemistry Chemistry and Materials Science Consumer products creatine kinase Creatine Kinase - metabolism Cytotoxicity Cytotoxins - toxicity DNA damage DNA Fragmentation - drug effects dose response Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Fertility Genetics genotoxicity glutathione peroxidase Glutathione Peroxidase - metabolism Health risks Injections, Intravenous intravenous injection Lipid Peroxidation - drug effects Male Nanoparticles Nanoparticles - toxicity Oligospermia - chemically induced Oligospermia - enzymology Oligospermia - pathology Oxidative Stress peroxidase Rats Rats, Wistar reproduction Reproductive system risk Risk assessment Rodents Sperm spermatozoa Spermatozoa - drug effects Spermatozoa - enzymology Spermatozoa - pathology superoxide dismutase Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism Testis - drug effects Testis - enzymology Testis - pathology testosterone Testosterone - blood Titanium - toxicity Titanium dioxide |
| title | Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Testicular Cells of Male Wistar Rat |
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