Mortality among capacitor workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a long-term update
Purpose Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous in the environment. Concerns have been raised about cancer and other disease risks. This follow-up mortality study of PCB workers addresses some of these concerns. Methods Mortality among 7,061 PCB capacitor workers was updated through 2008 (28...
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Veröffentlicht in: | International archives of occupational and environmental health 2015-01, Vol.88 (1), p.85-101 |
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creator | Kimbrough, Renate D. Krouskas, Constantine A. Xu, Wenjing Shields, Peter G. |
description | Purpose
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous in the environment. Concerns have been raised about cancer and other disease risks. This follow-up mortality study of PCB workers addresses some of these concerns.
Methods
Mortality among 7,061 PCB capacitor workers was updated through 2008 (287,712 person-years; mean follow-up 41 years). Adjusted standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for USA and New York State referent rates. Standardized rate ratios (SRRs) were calculated based on employment duration and latency.
Results
Standardized mortality ratios for all causes of death were statistically significantly lower in the total cohort (SMR 92; 95 % CI 89–96) and in males (SMR 88; 95 % CI 83–92), but not in females (SMR 100; 95 % CI 94–106). For all cancers combined, SMRs for the total cohort (SMR 103; 95 % CI 96–111) and for males (SMR 96; 95 % CI 87–105) did not differ from the expected rates, in contrast to females (SMR 114; 95 % CI 103–126). Buccal cavity and pharyngeal cancers were statistically increased in the combined cohort (SMR 169; 95 % CI 108–251) and in females (SMR 273; 95 % CI 131–502). Respiratory system malignancies were statistically lower in males (SMR 83; 95 % CI 70–97), while they were increased in females (SMR 143; 95 % CI 118–172). Melanomas were statistically significantly increased in male salaried workers only. No positive trends (SRRs) with increasing length of employment and increasing latency were found.
Conclusions
The positive results lacking exposure–response relationships are subject to confounding and probably do not represent causal associations. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00420-014-0940-y |
format | Article |
fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1654679395</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>3549939131</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c475t-b52e4a8f49d41dc977e044f4a33d62ea47e435318e6227586036c9af07ce46693</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kE1r3DAQhkVIaTbb_oBcgiCXBOJWH2NpfUyWfMGW9tCehVYe7zq1LVeySfzvq2XTEAI9Dcw8887wEHLC2RfOmP4aGQPBMsYhYwWwbDogMw5SZFyAOiQzJmE3lfyIHMf4yBjXSsuP5EiAzsVCqRmx33wYbFMPE7Wt7zbU2d66evCBPvnwG0Ok-Nz7iCUdPO19M7lt40Pd2SG11nW_xW5qIj3_sbyOF5fU0ialZAOGlo59mahP5ENlm4ifX-qc_Lq9-bm8z1bf7x6WV6vMpWeGbJ0LBLuooCiBl67QGhlABVbKUgm0oBFkLvkClRA6XygmlStsxbRDUKqQc3K-z-2D_zNiHExbR4dNYzv0YzRc5aB0IYs8oWfv0Ec_hi59lyiQya1UPFF8T7ngYwxYmT7UrQ2T4czs_Ju9f5P8m51_M6Wd05fkcd1i-brxT3gCxB6IadRtMLw5_d_Uv4zQj8U</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1643100361</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Mortality among capacitor workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a long-term update</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Springer Online Journals Complete</source><creator>Kimbrough, Renate D. ; Krouskas, Constantine A. ; Xu, Wenjing ; Shields, Peter G.</creator><creatorcontrib>Kimbrough, Renate D. ; Krouskas, Constantine A. ; Xu, Wenjing ; Shields, Peter G.</creatorcontrib><description>Purpose
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous in the environment. Concerns have been raised about cancer and other disease risks. This follow-up mortality study of PCB workers addresses some of these concerns.
Methods
Mortality among 7,061 PCB capacitor workers was updated through 2008 (287,712 person-years; mean follow-up 41 years). Adjusted standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for USA and New York State referent rates. Standardized rate ratios (SRRs) were calculated based on employment duration and latency.
Results
Standardized mortality ratios for all causes of death were statistically significantly lower in the total cohort (SMR 92; 95 % CI 89–96) and in males (SMR 88; 95 % CI 83–92), but not in females (SMR 100; 95 % CI 94–106). For all cancers combined, SMRs for the total cohort (SMR 103; 95 % CI 96–111) and for males (SMR 96; 95 % CI 87–105) did not differ from the expected rates, in contrast to females (SMR 114; 95 % CI 103–126). Buccal cavity and pharyngeal cancers were statistically increased in the combined cohort (SMR 169; 95 % CI 108–251) and in females (SMR 273; 95 % CI 131–502). Respiratory system malignancies were statistically lower in males (SMR 83; 95 % CI 70–97), while they were increased in females (SMR 143; 95 % CI 118–172). Melanomas were statistically significantly increased in male salaried workers only. No positive trends (SRRs) with increasing length of employment and increasing latency were found.
Conclusions
The positive results lacking exposure–response relationships are subject to confounding and probably do not represent causal associations.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0340-0131</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-1246</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00420-014-0940-y</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24752866</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cause of Death ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Electricity ; Environment ; Environmental Health ; Environmental Pollutants - toxicity ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Health risks ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mortality ; Neoplasms - chemically induced ; Neoplasms - etiology ; Neoplasms - mortality ; New York - epidemiology ; Occupational Diseases - chemically induced ; Occupational Diseases - mortality ; Occupational exposure ; Occupational Exposure - adverse effects ; Occupational hazards ; Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine ; Occupations ; Original Article ; PCB ; Polychlorinated biphenyls ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls - toxicity ; Rehabilitation ; Respiratory system ; Workers</subject><ispartof>International archives of occupational and environmental health, 2015-01, Vol.88 (1), p.85-101</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014</rights><rights>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c475t-b52e4a8f49d41dc977e044f4a33d62ea47e435318e6227586036c9af07ce46693</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c475t-b52e4a8f49d41dc977e044f4a33d62ea47e435318e6227586036c9af07ce46693</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00420-014-0940-y$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00420-014-0940-y$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,27929,27930,41493,42562,51324</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24752866$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kimbrough, Renate D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Krouskas, Constantine A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Wenjing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shields, Peter G.</creatorcontrib><title>Mortality among capacitor workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a long-term update</title><title>International archives of occupational and environmental health</title><addtitle>Int Arch Occup Environ Health</addtitle><addtitle>Int Arch Occup Environ Health</addtitle><description>Purpose
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous in the environment. Concerns have been raised about cancer and other disease risks. This follow-up mortality study of PCB workers addresses some of these concerns.
Methods
Mortality among 7,061 PCB capacitor workers was updated through 2008 (287,712 person-years; mean follow-up 41 years). Adjusted standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for USA and New York State referent rates. Standardized rate ratios (SRRs) were calculated based on employment duration and latency.
Results
Standardized mortality ratios for all causes of death were statistically significantly lower in the total cohort (SMR 92; 95 % CI 89–96) and in males (SMR 88; 95 % CI 83–92), but not in females (SMR 100; 95 % CI 94–106). For all cancers combined, SMRs for the total cohort (SMR 103; 95 % CI 96–111) and for males (SMR 96; 95 % CI 87–105) did not differ from the expected rates, in contrast to females (SMR 114; 95 % CI 103–126). Buccal cavity and pharyngeal cancers were statistically increased in the combined cohort (SMR 169; 95 % CI 108–251) and in females (SMR 273; 95 % CI 131–502). Respiratory system malignancies were statistically lower in males (SMR 83; 95 % CI 70–97), while they were increased in females (SMR 143; 95 % CI 118–172). Melanomas were statistically significantly increased in male salaried workers only. No positive trends (SRRs) with increasing length of employment and increasing latency were found.
Conclusions
The positive results lacking exposure–response relationships are subject to confounding and probably do not represent causal associations.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Cause of Death</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Electricity</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Health</subject><subject>Environmental Pollutants - toxicity</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Follow-Up Studies</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Neoplasms - chemically induced</subject><subject>Neoplasms - etiology</subject><subject>Neoplasms - mortality</subject><subject>New York - epidemiology</subject><subject>Occupational Diseases - chemically induced</subject><subject>Occupational Diseases - mortality</subject><subject>Occupational exposure</subject><subject>Occupational Exposure - adverse effects</subject><subject>Occupational hazards</subject><subject>Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine</subject><subject>Occupations</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>PCB</subject><subject>Polychlorinated biphenyls</subject><subject>Polychlorinated Biphenyls - toxicity</subject><subject>Rehabilitation</subject><subject>Respiratory system</subject><subject>Workers</subject><issn>0340-0131</issn><issn>1432-1246</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kE1r3DAQhkVIaTbb_oBcgiCXBOJWH2NpfUyWfMGW9tCehVYe7zq1LVeySfzvq2XTEAI9Dcw8887wEHLC2RfOmP4aGQPBMsYhYwWwbDogMw5SZFyAOiQzJmE3lfyIHMf4yBjXSsuP5EiAzsVCqRmx33wYbFMPE7Wt7zbU2d66evCBPvnwG0Ok-Nz7iCUdPO19M7lt40Pd2SG11nW_xW5qIj3_sbyOF5fU0ialZAOGlo59mahP5ENlm4ifX-qc_Lq9-bm8z1bf7x6WV6vMpWeGbJ0LBLuooCiBl67QGhlABVbKUgm0oBFkLvkClRA6XygmlStsxbRDUKqQc3K-z-2D_zNiHExbR4dNYzv0YzRc5aB0IYs8oWfv0Ec_hi59lyiQya1UPFF8T7ngYwxYmT7UrQ2T4czs_Ju9f5P8m51_M6Wd05fkcd1i-brxT3gCxB6IadRtMLw5_d_Uv4zQj8U</recordid><startdate>20150101</startdate><enddate>20150101</enddate><creator>Kimbrough, Renate D.</creator><creator>Krouskas, Constantine A.</creator><creator>Xu, Wenjing</creator><creator>Shields, Peter G.</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7U1</scope><scope>7U2</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150101</creationdate><title>Mortality among capacitor workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a long-term update</title><author>Kimbrough, Renate D. ; Krouskas, Constantine A. ; Xu, Wenjing ; Shields, Peter G.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c475t-b52e4a8f49d41dc977e044f4a33d62ea47e435318e6227586036c9af07ce46693</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Cause of Death</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Electricity</topic><topic>Environment</topic><topic>Environmental Health</topic><topic>Environmental Pollutants - toxicity</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Follow-Up Studies</topic><topic>Health risks</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Neoplasms - chemically induced</topic><topic>Neoplasms - etiology</topic><topic>Neoplasms - mortality</topic><topic>New York - epidemiology</topic><topic>Occupational Diseases - chemically induced</topic><topic>Occupational Diseases - mortality</topic><topic>Occupational exposure</topic><topic>Occupational Exposure - adverse effects</topic><topic>Occupational hazards</topic><topic>Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine</topic><topic>Occupations</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>PCB</topic><topic>Polychlorinated biphenyls</topic><topic>Polychlorinated Biphenyls - toxicity</topic><topic>Rehabilitation</topic><topic>Respiratory system</topic><topic>Workers</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kimbrough, Renate D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Krouskas, Constantine A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Wenjing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shields, Peter G.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Risk Abstracts</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><jtitle>International archives of occupational and environmental health</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kimbrough, Renate D.</au><au>Krouskas, Constantine A.</au><au>Xu, Wenjing</au><au>Shields, Peter G.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Mortality among capacitor workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a long-term update</atitle><jtitle>International archives of occupational and environmental health</jtitle><stitle>Int Arch Occup Environ Health</stitle><addtitle>Int Arch Occup Environ Health</addtitle><date>2015-01-01</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>88</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>85</spage><epage>101</epage><pages>85-101</pages><issn>0340-0131</issn><eissn>1432-1246</eissn><abstract>Purpose
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous in the environment. Concerns have been raised about cancer and other disease risks. This follow-up mortality study of PCB workers addresses some of these concerns.
Methods
Mortality among 7,061 PCB capacitor workers was updated through 2008 (287,712 person-years; mean follow-up 41 years). Adjusted standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for USA and New York State referent rates. Standardized rate ratios (SRRs) were calculated based on employment duration and latency.
Results
Standardized mortality ratios for all causes of death were statistically significantly lower in the total cohort (SMR 92; 95 % CI 89–96) and in males (SMR 88; 95 % CI 83–92), but not in females (SMR 100; 95 % CI 94–106). For all cancers combined, SMRs for the total cohort (SMR 103; 95 % CI 96–111) and for males (SMR 96; 95 % CI 87–105) did not differ from the expected rates, in contrast to females (SMR 114; 95 % CI 103–126). Buccal cavity and pharyngeal cancers were statistically increased in the combined cohort (SMR 169; 95 % CI 108–251) and in females (SMR 273; 95 % CI 131–502). Respiratory system malignancies were statistically lower in males (SMR 83; 95 % CI 70–97), while they were increased in females (SMR 143; 95 % CI 118–172). Melanomas were statistically significantly increased in male salaried workers only. No positive trends (SRRs) with increasing length of employment and increasing latency were found.
Conclusions
The positive results lacking exposure–response relationships are subject to confounding and probably do not represent causal associations.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>24752866</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00420-014-0940-y</doi><tpages>17</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Cause of Death Earth and Environmental Science Electricity Environment Environmental Health Environmental Pollutants - toxicity Female Follow-Up Studies Health risks Humans Male Middle Aged Mortality Neoplasms - chemically induced Neoplasms - etiology Neoplasms - mortality New York - epidemiology Occupational Diseases - chemically induced Occupational Diseases - mortality Occupational exposure Occupational Exposure - adverse effects Occupational hazards Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine Occupations Original Article PCB Polychlorinated biphenyls Polychlorinated Biphenyls - toxicity Rehabilitation Respiratory system Workers |
title | Mortality among capacitor workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a long-term update |
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