The effect of aluminium in soft water at low pH and different temperatures on mortality, ventilation frequency and water balance in smoltifying Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar

Salmon smolts were exposed to acidic aluminum-rich water at varying temperatures to assess the effects on mortality, ventilation frequency, and water balance. Water temperature, conductivity, pH, and the quantities of inorganic and organic Al species were monitored daily throughout the experiment. A...

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