Identification and characterization by LC-UV-MS/MS of melanotan II skin-tanning products sold illegally on the Internet
New methods were developed and validated to determine the identity, contents, and purity of samples of melanotan II, a synthetic melanocortin receptor agonist, sold in vials as injectable skin‐tanning products that were purchased from three online shops. Methods were based on liquid chromatography w...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Drug testing and analysis 2015-02, Vol.7 (2), p.164-172 |
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| creator | Breindahl, Torben Evans-Brown, Michael Hindersson, Peter McVeigh, Jim Bellis, Mark Stensballe, Allan Kimergård, Andreas |
| description | New methods were developed and validated to determine the identity, contents, and purity of samples of melanotan II, a synthetic melanocortin receptor agonist, sold in vials as injectable skin‐tanning products that were purchased from three online shops. Methods were based on liquid chromatography with ultra‐violet detection (LC‐UV) at wavelength 218 nm, and tandem mass spectrometric detection (MS/MS) after collision‐induced fragmentation of the double charged [M+2H]2+ precursor ion (m/z 513). Identification of melanotan II was verified by correct chromatographic retention time, and relative abundance ratios of five qualifying fragment ions. LC‐UV was used to quantify melanotan II as well as impurities. Method validation was performed with reference to guidelines for assessing active substances in authorized medicinal products to reach acceptable accuracy and precision. Vials from two shops contained unknown impurities ranging from 4.1 to 5.9%; impurities from one shop were below the quantification limit. The total amount of melanotan II in vials ranged between 4.32 and 8.84 mg, although each shop claimed that vials contained 10 mg melanotan II. A broad range of drugs used for enhancement purposes can be obtained from the illicit market. However, users of these drugs may be exposed to a range of potential harms, as shown in this study, given that these products are manufactured, distributed and supplied from an illicit market. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New methods were developed and validated to determine the identity, contents, and purity of samples of melanotan II sold illegally as injectable skin‐tanning products that were purchased from three online shops. The total amount of melanotan II in vials was different than claimed by the shops and vials from two shops contained unknown impurities. Drugs used for human enhancement purposes are widely available from the illicit market and expose users to potential harms. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/dta.1655 |
| format | Article |
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New methods were developed and validated to determine the identity, contents, and purity of samples of melanotan II sold illegally as injectable skin‐tanning products that were purchased from three online shops. The total amount of melanotan II in vials was different than claimed by the shops and vials from two shops contained unknown impurities. Drugs used for human enhancement purposes are widely available from the illicit market and expose users to potential harms.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1942-7603</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1942-7611</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/dta.1655</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24771717</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>alpha-MSH - analogs & derivatives ; alpha-MSH - analysis ; assay ; Chromatography, Liquid - methods ; identification ; impurities ; Internet ; Limit of Detection ; liquid chromatography ; melanotan II ; Peptides, Cyclic - analysis ; Street Drugs - analysis ; tandem mass spectrometry ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry - methods</subject><ispartof>Drug testing and analysis, 2015-02, Vol.7 (2), p.164-172</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4915-ddeba3e39a11ab83db3b4b40622c38d526b136b0a68f24b5767e1ea9f99e223</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4915-ddeba3e39a11ab83db3b4b40622c38d526b136b0a68f24b5767e1ea9f99e223</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fdta.1655$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fdta.1655$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24771717$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Breindahl, Torben</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Evans-Brown, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hindersson, Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McVeigh, Jim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bellis, Mark</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stensballe, Allan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kimergård, Andreas</creatorcontrib><title>Identification and characterization by LC-UV-MS/MS of melanotan II skin-tanning products sold illegally on the Internet</title><title>Drug testing and analysis</title><addtitle>Drug Test. Analysis</addtitle><description>New methods were developed and validated to determine the identity, contents, and purity of samples of melanotan II, a synthetic melanocortin receptor agonist, sold in vials as injectable skin‐tanning products that were purchased from three online shops. Methods were based on liquid chromatography with ultra‐violet detection (LC‐UV) at wavelength 218 nm, and tandem mass spectrometric detection (MS/MS) after collision‐induced fragmentation of the double charged [M+2H]2+ precursor ion (m/z 513). Identification of melanotan II was verified by correct chromatographic retention time, and relative abundance ratios of five qualifying fragment ions. LC‐UV was used to quantify melanotan II as well as impurities. Method validation was performed with reference to guidelines for assessing active substances in authorized medicinal products to reach acceptable accuracy and precision. Vials from two shops contained unknown impurities ranging from 4.1 to 5.9%; impurities from one shop were below the quantification limit. The total amount of melanotan II in vials ranged between 4.32 and 8.84 mg, although each shop claimed that vials contained 10 mg melanotan II. A broad range of drugs used for enhancement purposes can be obtained from the illicit market. However, users of these drugs may be exposed to a range of potential harms, as shown in this study, given that these products are manufactured, distributed and supplied from an illicit market. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New methods were developed and validated to determine the identity, contents, and purity of samples of melanotan II sold illegally as injectable skin‐tanning products that were purchased from three online shops. The total amount of melanotan II in vials was different than claimed by the shops and vials from two shops contained unknown impurities. Drugs used for human enhancement purposes are widely available from the illicit market and expose users to potential harms.</description><subject>alpha-MSH - analogs & derivatives</subject><subject>alpha-MSH - analysis</subject><subject>assay</subject><subject>Chromatography, Liquid - methods</subject><subject>identification</subject><subject>impurities</subject><subject>Internet</subject><subject>Limit of Detection</subject><subject>liquid chromatography</subject><subject>melanotan II</subject><subject>Peptides, Cyclic - analysis</subject><subject>Street Drugs - analysis</subject><subject>tandem mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Tandem Mass Spectrometry - methods</subject><issn>1942-7603</issn><issn>1942-7611</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kU1vEzEQhi0Eoh8g8QuQJS5ctvXnOnssaVOWpiCRAEfLXs-2bjfesvaqhF-Po6RBQkJz8Mh65tGrGYTeUHJCCWGnLpkTWkr5DB3SSrBClZQ-3_eEH6CjGO8IKQXj8iU6YEIpmusQPdYOQvKtb0zyfcAmONzcmsE0CQb_e_tp13g-Lb59L64Xp9cL3Ld4BZ0JfTIB1zWO9z4UuQ8-3OCHoXdjkyKOfeew7zq4MV23xlmTbgHXIXsDpFfoRWu6CK937zFazC6W04_F_MtlPT2bF42oqCycA2s48MpQauyEO8utsIKUjDV84iQrLeWlJaactExYqUoFFEzVVhUwxo_R-601p_o5Qkx65WMDXQ4P_Rh13hkTQkmqMvruH_SuH4eQs20oQiaiVPyvsBn6GAdo9cPgV2ZYa0r05hQ6n2IzIDP6dicc7QrcHnzafQaKLfDoO1j_V6TPl2c74Y73McGvPW-Ge52jKal_fL7UVx_Ol59mX2d6wf8AXAihPQ</recordid><startdate>201502</startdate><enddate>201502</enddate><creator>Breindahl, Torben</creator><creator>Evans-Brown, Michael</creator><creator>Hindersson, Peter</creator><creator>McVeigh, Jim</creator><creator>Bellis, Mark</creator><creator>Stensballe, Allan</creator><creator>Kimergård, Andreas</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201502</creationdate><title>Identification and characterization by LC-UV-MS/MS of melanotan II skin-tanning products sold illegally on the Internet</title><author>Breindahl, Torben ; Evans-Brown, Michael ; Hindersson, Peter ; McVeigh, Jim ; Bellis, Mark ; Stensballe, Allan ; Kimergård, Andreas</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4915-ddeba3e39a11ab83db3b4b40622c38d526b136b0a68f24b5767e1ea9f99e223</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>alpha-MSH - analogs & derivatives</topic><topic>alpha-MSH - analysis</topic><topic>assay</topic><topic>Chromatography, Liquid - methods</topic><topic>identification</topic><topic>impurities</topic><topic>Internet</topic><topic>Limit of Detection</topic><topic>liquid chromatography</topic><topic>melanotan II</topic><topic>Peptides, Cyclic - analysis</topic><topic>Street Drugs - analysis</topic><topic>tandem mass spectrometry</topic><topic>Tandem Mass Spectrometry - methods</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Breindahl, Torben</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Evans-Brown, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hindersson, Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McVeigh, Jim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bellis, Mark</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stensballe, Allan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kimergård, Andreas</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Drug testing and analysis</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Breindahl, Torben</au><au>Evans-Brown, Michael</au><au>Hindersson, Peter</au><au>McVeigh, Jim</au><au>Bellis, Mark</au><au>Stensballe, Allan</au><au>Kimergård, Andreas</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Identification and characterization by LC-UV-MS/MS of melanotan II skin-tanning products sold illegally on the Internet</atitle><jtitle>Drug testing and analysis</jtitle><addtitle>Drug Test. Analysis</addtitle><date>2015-02</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>7</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>164</spage><epage>172</epage><pages>164-172</pages><issn>1942-7603</issn><eissn>1942-7611</eissn><abstract>New methods were developed and validated to determine the identity, contents, and purity of samples of melanotan II, a synthetic melanocortin receptor agonist, sold in vials as injectable skin‐tanning products that were purchased from three online shops. Methods were based on liquid chromatography with ultra‐violet detection (LC‐UV) at wavelength 218 nm, and tandem mass spectrometric detection (MS/MS) after collision‐induced fragmentation of the double charged [M+2H]2+ precursor ion (m/z 513). Identification of melanotan II was verified by correct chromatographic retention time, and relative abundance ratios of five qualifying fragment ions. LC‐UV was used to quantify melanotan II as well as impurities. Method validation was performed with reference to guidelines for assessing active substances in authorized medicinal products to reach acceptable accuracy and precision. Vials from two shops contained unknown impurities ranging from 4.1 to 5.9%; impurities from one shop were below the quantification limit. The total amount of melanotan II in vials ranged between 4.32 and 8.84 mg, although each shop claimed that vials contained 10 mg melanotan II. A broad range of drugs used for enhancement purposes can be obtained from the illicit market. However, users of these drugs may be exposed to a range of potential harms, as shown in this study, given that these products are manufactured, distributed and supplied from an illicit market. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New methods were developed and validated to determine the identity, contents, and purity of samples of melanotan II sold illegally as injectable skin‐tanning products that were purchased from three online shops. The total amount of melanotan II in vials was different than claimed by the shops and vials from two shops contained unknown impurities. Drugs used for human enhancement purposes are widely available from the illicit market and expose users to potential harms.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>24771717</pmid><doi>10.1002/dta.1655</doi><tpages>9</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Drug testing and analysis, 2015-02, Vol.7 (2), p.164-172 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete |
| subjects | alpha-MSH - analogs & derivatives alpha-MSH - analysis assay Chromatography, Liquid - methods identification impurities Internet Limit of Detection liquid chromatography melanotan II Peptides, Cyclic - analysis Street Drugs - analysis tandem mass spectrometry Tandem Mass Spectrometry - methods |
| title | Identification and characterization by LC-UV-MS/MS of melanotan II skin-tanning products sold illegally on the Internet |
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