Association of anti-Mullerian hormone and small-dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with hepatosteatosis in young lean women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome

Abstract Objective To study the association of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and small-dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sd-LDL) with hepatosteatosis among young, lean, polycystic ovary patients. Study design A prospective, case control study was carried out including 79 young lean women. Fifty-eight women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and 21 age-and BMI-matched healthy controls were recruited. Anthropometric variables, biochemical and hormonal parameters, insulin-resistance indices, lipid profiles including sd-LDL levels and serum AMH levels were determined. Hepatic lipid content was evaluated by abdominal ultrasonography (USG). Determining the best predictor(s) which discriminate normal USG and hepatosteatosis was analyzed by multiple logistic regression analyses. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were also calculated. Results PCOS patients had an increased prevalence of hepatosteatosis by 41.4% ( P = 0.006) and they had significantly higher levels of sd-LDL and AMH when compared with the control group ( P < 0.001). AMH and sd-LDL levels were positively and significantly associated with hepatosteatosis in young lean women with and without PCOS (OR: 2.877, 95%CI: 1.453–5.699, P : 0.02 and OR: 1.336, 95%CI: 1.083–1.648, P : 0.007, respectively). AMH and sd-LDL levels were positively correlated in PCOS patients ( r = 0.626, P < 0.001). Both sd-LDL and AMH levels were the most predictive parameters for the determination of hepatosteatosis within the PCOS group. (OR: 3.347, 95%CI: 1.348–8.313, P = 0.009 and OR: 1.375, 95%CI: 1.072–1.764, P = 0.012, respectively). Statistically significant higher levels of AMH were associated with hepatosteatosis both in insulin resistance (IR) positive and IR negative PCOS patients ( P < 0.001). Conclusion Hepatosteatosis is common in young lean PCOS patients. Increased AMH and sd-LDL levels may independently predict hepatosteatosis in young lean women with and without PCOS.