HPLC-SPE-NMR Characterization of Major Metabolites in Salvia fruticosa Mill. Extract with Antifungal Potential: Relevance of Carnosic Acid, Carnosol, and Hispidulin
Plant pathogenic fungi are considered of significant economic importance for adversely affecting both quantitatively and qualitatively fresh and processed produce. Extracts of Salvia fruticosa were initially screened for their antifungal activity, and the ethyl acetate fraction, being the most activ...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2015-01, Vol.63 (2), p.457-463 |
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| creator | Exarchou, Vassiliki Kanetis, Loukas Charalambous, Zenovia Apers, Sandra Pieters, Luc Gekas, Vassilis Goulas, Vlasios |
| description | Plant pathogenic fungi are considered of significant economic importance for adversely affecting both quantitatively and qualitatively fresh and processed produce. Extracts of Salvia fruticosa were initially screened for their antifungal activity, and the ethyl acetate fraction, being the most active, was further analyzed using HPLC-SPE-NMR hyphenation. The methoxylated flavones hispidulin, salvigenin, and cirsimaritin and the diterpenes carnosic acid, carnosol, and 12-methoxycarnosic acid were identified as the major components of the extract. In addition, the concentration levels of all identified components were determined using q-NMR. The antifungal activity of the crude extract and selected phytochemicals was estimated against the fungal species Aspergillus tubingensis, Botrytis cinerea, and Penicillium digitatum. The estimated MIC and MFC values of the ethyl acetate extract of S. fruticosa, as well as three of its major constituents, carnosic acid, carnosol, and hispidulin, support their antifungal activity, especially against B. cinerea and P. digitatum, suggesting their potential use in food and agricultural systems. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1021/jf5050734 |
| format | Article |
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The methoxylated flavones hispidulin, salvigenin, and cirsimaritin and the diterpenes carnosic acid, carnosol, and 12-methoxycarnosic acid were identified as the major components of the extract. In addition, the concentration levels of all identified components were determined using q-NMR. The antifungal activity of the crude extract and selected phytochemicals was estimated against the fungal species Aspergillus tubingensis, Botrytis cinerea, and Penicillium digitatum. The estimated MIC and MFC values of the ethyl acetate extract of S. fruticosa, as well as three of its major constituents, carnosic acid, carnosol, and hispidulin, support their antifungal activity, especially against B. cinerea and P. digitatum, suggesting their potential use in food and agricultural systems.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-8561</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-5118</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1021/jf5050734</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25537192</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Chemical Society</publisher><subject>Antifungal Agents - chemistry ; Antifungal Agents - isolation & purification ; Antifungal Agents - metabolism ; Antifungal Agents - pharmacology ; antifungal properties ; Aspergillus tubingensis ; Botrytis cinerea ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Diterpenes, Abietane - chemistry ; Diterpenes, Abietane - isolation & purification ; Diterpenes, Abietane - metabolism ; Diterpenes, Abietane - pharmacology ; diterpenoids ; ethyl acetate ; flavones ; Flavones - chemistry ; Flavones - isolation & purification ; Flavones - metabolism ; Flavones - pharmacology ; Fungi - drug effects ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; metabolites ; Penicillium digitatum ; phytopharmaceuticals ; Plant Extracts - chemistry ; Plant Extracts - isolation & purification ; Plant Extracts - metabolism ; Plant Extracts - pharmacology ; plant pathogenic fungi ; Salvia - chemistry ; Salvia - metabolism ; Salvia fruticosa</subject><ispartof>Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2015-01, Vol.63 (2), p.457-463</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2014 American Chemical Society</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a374t-9392122deab570b2f71a0243c1748f52019c5c3bbe04d7943a21b73aa4fc31c13</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a374t-9392122deab570b2f71a0243c1748f52019c5c3bbe04d7943a21b73aa4fc31c13</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/jf5050734$$EPDF$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf5050734$$EHTML$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,2752,27053,27901,27902,56713,56763</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25537192$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Exarchou, Vassiliki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kanetis, Loukas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Charalambous, Zenovia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Apers, Sandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pieters, Luc</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gekas, Vassilis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goulas, Vlasios</creatorcontrib><title>HPLC-SPE-NMR Characterization of Major Metabolites in Salvia fruticosa Mill. Extract with Antifungal Potential: Relevance of Carnosic Acid, Carnosol, and Hispidulin</title><title>Journal of agricultural and food chemistry</title><addtitle>J. Agric. Food Chem</addtitle><description>Plant pathogenic fungi are considered of significant economic importance for adversely affecting both quantitatively and qualitatively fresh and processed produce. Extracts of Salvia fruticosa were initially screened for their antifungal activity, and the ethyl acetate fraction, being the most active, was further analyzed using HPLC-SPE-NMR hyphenation. The methoxylated flavones hispidulin, salvigenin, and cirsimaritin and the diterpenes carnosic acid, carnosol, and 12-methoxycarnosic acid were identified as the major components of the extract. In addition, the concentration levels of all identified components were determined using q-NMR. The antifungal activity of the crude extract and selected phytochemicals was estimated against the fungal species Aspergillus tubingensis, Botrytis cinerea, and Penicillium digitatum. The estimated MIC and MFC values of the ethyl acetate extract of S. fruticosa, as well as three of its major constituents, carnosic acid, carnosol, and hispidulin, support their antifungal activity, especially against B. cinerea and P. digitatum, suggesting their potential use in food and agricultural systems.</description><subject>Antifungal Agents - chemistry</subject><subject>Antifungal Agents - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Antifungal Agents - metabolism</subject><subject>Antifungal Agents - pharmacology</subject><subject>antifungal properties</subject><subject>Aspergillus tubingensis</subject><subject>Botrytis cinerea</subject><subject>Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid</subject><subject>Diterpenes, Abietane - chemistry</subject><subject>Diterpenes, Abietane - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Diterpenes, Abietane - metabolism</subject><subject>Diterpenes, Abietane - pharmacology</subject><subject>diterpenoids</subject><subject>ethyl acetate</subject><subject>flavones</subject><subject>Flavones - chemistry</subject><subject>Flavones - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Flavones - metabolism</subject><subject>Flavones - pharmacology</subject><subject>Fungi - drug effects</subject><subject>Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy</subject><subject>metabolites</subject><subject>Penicillium digitatum</subject><subject>phytopharmaceuticals</subject><subject>Plant Extracts - chemistry</subject><subject>Plant Extracts - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Plant Extracts - metabolism</subject><subject>Plant Extracts - pharmacology</subject><subject>plant pathogenic fungi</subject><subject>Salvia - chemistry</subject><subject>Salvia - metabolism</subject><subject>Salvia fruticosa</subject><issn>0021-8561</issn><issn>1520-5118</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNptkdtuEzEQhi1ERUPhghcA3yCB1C0-rLO73EWrQColEDX0ejXrtVtHjh1sbzk8Dw-Ko4RecTUazTf_HH6EXlFyRQmjH7ZaEEEqXj5BEyoYKQSl9VM0IblY1GJKz9HzGLeEkFpU5Bk6Z0LwijZsgv4s1su22KznxZfVDW7vIYBMKpjfkIx32Gu8gq0PeKUS9N6apCI2Dm_APhjAOozJSB8Br4y1V3j-Mx368Q-T7vHMJaNHdwcWr31SOQP7Ed8oqx7ASXXQbiE4H43EM2mGy1Pq7SUGN-CFiXszjNa4F-hMg43q5SleoNtP82_tolh-_XzdzpYF8KpMRcMbRhkbFPT5zJ7pigJhJZe0Kmud_0IbKSTve0XKoWpKDoz2FQcoteRUUn6B3h1198F_H1VM3c5EqawFp_wYOzoVrKRT1rCMvj-iMvgYg9LdPpgdhF8dJd3BlO7RlMy-PsmO_U4Nj-Q_FzLw5gho8B3cBRO7201ed0oIZaTmIhNvjwTI2G39GFz-w39G_QUPXZvF</recordid><startdate>20150121</startdate><enddate>20150121</enddate><creator>Exarchou, Vassiliki</creator><creator>Kanetis, Loukas</creator><creator>Charalambous, Zenovia</creator><creator>Apers, Sandra</creator><creator>Pieters, Luc</creator><creator>Gekas, Vassilis</creator><creator>Goulas, Vlasios</creator><general>American Chemical Society</general><general>American Chemical Society, Books and Journals Division</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150121</creationdate><title>HPLC-SPE-NMR Characterization of Major Metabolites in Salvia fruticosa Mill. Extract with Antifungal Potential: Relevance of Carnosic Acid, Carnosol, and Hispidulin</title><author>Exarchou, Vassiliki ; Kanetis, Loukas ; Charalambous, Zenovia ; Apers, Sandra ; Pieters, Luc ; Gekas, Vassilis ; Goulas, Vlasios</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a374t-9392122deab570b2f71a0243c1748f52019c5c3bbe04d7943a21b73aa4fc31c13</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Antifungal Agents - chemistry</topic><topic>Antifungal Agents - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Antifungal Agents - metabolism</topic><topic>Antifungal Agents - pharmacology</topic><topic>antifungal properties</topic><topic>Aspergillus tubingensis</topic><topic>Botrytis cinerea</topic><topic>Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid</topic><topic>Diterpenes, Abietane - chemistry</topic><topic>Diterpenes, Abietane - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Diterpenes, Abietane - metabolism</topic><topic>Diterpenes, Abietane - pharmacology</topic><topic>diterpenoids</topic><topic>ethyl acetate</topic><topic>flavones</topic><topic>Flavones - chemistry</topic><topic>Flavones - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Flavones - metabolism</topic><topic>Flavones - pharmacology</topic><topic>Fungi - drug effects</topic><topic>Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy</topic><topic>metabolites</topic><topic>Penicillium digitatum</topic><topic>phytopharmaceuticals</topic><topic>Plant Extracts - chemistry</topic><topic>Plant Extracts - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Plant Extracts - metabolism</topic><topic>Plant Extracts - pharmacology</topic><topic>plant pathogenic fungi</topic><topic>Salvia - chemistry</topic><topic>Salvia - metabolism</topic><topic>Salvia fruticosa</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Exarchou, Vassiliki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kanetis, Loukas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Charalambous, Zenovia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Apers, Sandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pieters, Luc</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gekas, Vassilis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goulas, Vlasios</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of agricultural and food chemistry</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Exarchou, Vassiliki</au><au>Kanetis, Loukas</au><au>Charalambous, Zenovia</au><au>Apers, Sandra</au><au>Pieters, Luc</au><au>Gekas, Vassilis</au><au>Goulas, Vlasios</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>HPLC-SPE-NMR Characterization of Major Metabolites in Salvia fruticosa Mill. 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In addition, the concentration levels of all identified components were determined using q-NMR. The antifungal activity of the crude extract and selected phytochemicals was estimated against the fungal species Aspergillus tubingensis, Botrytis cinerea, and Penicillium digitatum. The estimated MIC and MFC values of the ethyl acetate extract of S. fruticosa, as well as three of its major constituents, carnosic acid, carnosol, and hispidulin, support their antifungal activity, especially against B. cinerea and P. digitatum, suggesting their potential use in food and agricultural systems.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Chemical Society</pub><pmid>25537192</pmid><doi>10.1021/jf5050734</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2015-01, Vol.63 (2), p.457-463 |
| issn | 0021-8561 1520-5118 |
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| subjects | Antifungal Agents - chemistry Antifungal Agents - isolation & purification Antifungal Agents - metabolism Antifungal Agents - pharmacology antifungal properties Aspergillus tubingensis Botrytis cinerea Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid Diterpenes, Abietane - chemistry Diterpenes, Abietane - isolation & purification Diterpenes, Abietane - metabolism Diterpenes, Abietane - pharmacology diterpenoids ethyl acetate flavones Flavones - chemistry Flavones - isolation & purification Flavones - metabolism Flavones - pharmacology Fungi - drug effects Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy metabolites Penicillium digitatum phytopharmaceuticals Plant Extracts - chemistry Plant Extracts - isolation & purification Plant Extracts - metabolism Plant Extracts - pharmacology plant pathogenic fungi Salvia - chemistry Salvia - metabolism Salvia fruticosa |
| title | HPLC-SPE-NMR Characterization of Major Metabolites in Salvia fruticosa Mill. Extract with Antifungal Potential: Relevance of Carnosic Acid, Carnosol, and Hispidulin |
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