Extranuclear Steroid Receptors Are Essential for Steroid Hormone Actions
Steroid hormones are produced throughout the phylogenetic tree, from plants to mammals. In the past 40 years, steroid receptors localized to the nucleus have been recognized as being important to mediating steroid action in many organs. This action mainly arises from the regulation of key genes that...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Annual review of medicine 2015-01, Vol.66 (1), p.271-280 |
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| container_title | Annual review of medicine |
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| creator | Levin, Ellis R |
| description | Steroid hormones are produced throughout the phylogenetic tree, from plants to mammals. In the past 40 years, steroid receptors localized to the nucleus have been recognized as being important to mediating steroid action in many organs. This action mainly arises from the regulation of key genes that are important for organ development and function. These include but are not limited to genes influencing the reproductive tract, mammary glands, bone, brain, fat differentiation, pituitary hormone regulation, and metabolic effects in many organs. Unfortunately, steroids also promote the development of hormone-responsive cancers, including breast, uterus, and prostate cancer. It has also been shown that steroid receptors exist outside the nucleus in many organs and cells, with unclear impact for normal development, health, and disease. This review describes the evidence from many laboratories that these receptors exist and function with nuclear receptors to provide the full impact of all steroid hormones. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1146/annurev-med-050913-021703 |
| format | Article |
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In the past 40 years, steroid receptors localized to the nucleus have been recognized as being important to mediating steroid action in many organs. This action mainly arises from the regulation of key genes that are important for organ development and function. These include but are not limited to genes influencing the reproductive tract, mammary glands, bone, brain, fat differentiation, pituitary hormone regulation, and metabolic effects in many organs. Unfortunately, steroids also promote the development of hormone-responsive cancers, including breast, uterus, and prostate cancer. It has also been shown that steroid receptors exist outside the nucleus in many organs and cells, with unclear impact for normal development, health, and disease. This review describes the evidence from many laboratories that these receptors exist and function with nuclear receptors to provide the full impact of all steroid hormones.</description><subject>Breast Neoplasms - metabolism</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>cardiac fibrosis</subject><subject>cardiac hypertrophy</subject><subject>Cell Membrane - metabolism</subject><subject>Cell Nucleus - metabolism</subject><subject>Developmental biology</subject><subject>estrogen</subject><subject>Estrogens - metabolism</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Gonadal Steroid Hormones - metabolism</subject><subject>hormone-responsive cancer</subject><subject>Hormones</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>hypertension</subject><subject>membrane</subject><subject>mitochondria</subject><subject>Mitochondria - metabolism</subject><subject>Phylogenetics</subject><subject>Receptors, Estrogen - metabolism</subject><subject>Receptors, Steroid - metabolism</subject><subject>Signal Transduction</subject><subject>Steroids</subject><issn>0066-4219</issn><issn>1545-326X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqVkMFq3DAQhkVoSTabvEJw6SUXpzOSLNuXwhI22UCg0DaQm5ClMTh4rY1kJ83bV4s3FHrLRXPQN__MfIx9QbhClOqbGYYp0Eu-JZdDATWKHDiWII7YAgtZ5IKrx09sAaBULjnWJ-w0xicAqIWojtkJL4qqVAVfsM36zxjMMNmeTMh-jRR857KfZGk3-hCzVaBsHSMNY2f6rPX_mI0PWz9QtrJj54d4xj63po90fqhL9nCz_n29ye9_3N5dr-5zU2A55i02jqs6LShQOcRKSusa13DFpeHACckqgoIj1rK2FbSirNFZZyoDjQOxZJdz7i7454niqLddtNT3ZiA_RY3pLIlif-mSff0PffJTGNJ2iZJlCWV6ElXPlA0-xkCt3oVua8KbRtB73fqgWyfdetatZ92p9-IwYWr2v--d734T8H0G9hmmTykdvcYPTPgL4a2S3Q</recordid><startdate>20150114</startdate><enddate>20150114</enddate><creator>Levin, Ellis R</creator><general>Annual Reviews</general><general>Annual Reviews, Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150114</creationdate><title>Extranuclear Steroid Receptors Are Essential for Steroid Hormone Actions</title><author>Levin, Ellis R</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a517t-f1bd269326316d11844cdbdb2624a202e1ec6e05211949c80f3791dcda8a0bd03</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Breast Neoplasms - 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| identifier | ISSN: 0066-4219 |
| ispartof | Annual review of medicine, 2015-01, Vol.66 (1), p.271-280 |
| issn | 0066-4219 1545-326X |
| language | eng |
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| source | Annual Reviews Complete A-Z List; MEDLINE |
| subjects | Breast Neoplasms - metabolism Cancer cardiac fibrosis cardiac hypertrophy Cell Membrane - metabolism Cell Nucleus - metabolism Developmental biology estrogen Estrogens - metabolism Female Genes Gonadal Steroid Hormones - metabolism hormone-responsive cancer Hormones Humans hypertension membrane mitochondria Mitochondria - metabolism Phylogenetics Receptors, Estrogen - metabolism Receptors, Steroid - metabolism Signal Transduction Steroids |
| title | Extranuclear Steroid Receptors Are Essential for Steroid Hormone Actions |
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