Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus: Prevalence and risk factors among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in an Urban District of Karachi, Pakistan
Abstract Aims This study aimed to explore the prevalence of, and factors associated with, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (UDM) in a community setting in Pakistan. Methodology A single-center, cross-sectional study, conducted in a community-based specialized care center (SCC) for diabetes in District...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Diabetes research and clinical practice 2015-01, Vol.107 (1), p.148-156 |
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| container_title | Diabetes research and clinical practice |
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| creator | Siddiqui, Fahad Javaid Avan, Bilal Iqbal Mahmud, Sadia Nanan, Debra J Jabbar, Abdul Assam, Pryseley Nkouibert |
| description | Abstract Aims This study aimed to explore the prevalence of, and factors associated with, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (UDM) in a community setting in Pakistan. Methodology A single-center, cross-sectional study, conducted in a community-based specialized care center (SCC) for diabetes in District Central Karachi, in 2003, registered 452 type 2 DM participants, tested for HbA1c and interviewed face-to-face for other information. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with UDM. Results Prevalence of UDM among diabetes patients was found to be 38.9% (95% CI: 34.4–43.4%). Multivariable logistic regression model analysis indicated that age |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.diabres.2014.09.025 |
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Methodology A single-center, cross-sectional study, conducted in a community-based specialized care center (SCC) for diabetes in District Central Karachi, in 2003, registered 452 type 2 DM participants, tested for HbA1c and interviewed face-to-face for other information. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with UDM. Results Prevalence of UDM among diabetes patients was found to be 38.9% (95% CI: 34.4–43.4%). Multivariable logistic regression model analysis indicated that age <50 years (OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.2–2.9), being diagnosed in a hospital (vs. a clinic) (OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1–2.8), diabetes information from a doctor or nurse only (vs. multiple sources) (OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.2–2.9), higher monthly treatment cost (OR: 1.3; 95% CI: 1.1–1.6; for every extra 500 PKR), and higher consumption of tea (OR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.0–2.2; for every 2 extra cups) were independently associated with UDM. Conclusion The prevalence of UDM was approximately 39% among persons with type 2 diabetes visiting a community based SCC for diabetes. Modifiable risk factors such as sources of diabetes information and black tea consumption can be considered as potential targets of interventions in Karachi.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0168-8227</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1872-8227</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2014.09.025</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25451895</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Ireland: Elsevier Ireland Ltd</publisher><subject>Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asia ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - complications ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology ; Diabetes mellitusType 2 ; Endocrinology & Metabolism ; Female ; Glycated Hemoglobin A - metabolism ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia - epidemiology ; Hyperglycemia - etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pakistan - epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Tea ; Uncontrolled ; Urban Population - statistics & numerical data</subject><ispartof>Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2015-01, Vol.107 (1), p.148-156</ispartof><rights>Elsevier Ireland Ltd</rights><rights>2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c420t-3269a24ec3a2014221af1de40641d0a70761df0c7a5dad296f6cbcf3bd27f9233</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c420t-3269a24ec3a2014221af1de40641d0a70761df0c7a5dad296f6cbcf3bd27f9233</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-9046-5105</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168822714004252$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25451895$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Siddiqui, Fahad Javaid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Avan, Bilal Iqbal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mahmud, Sadia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nanan, Debra J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jabbar, Abdul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Assam, Pryseley Nkouibert</creatorcontrib><title>Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus: Prevalence and risk factors among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in an Urban District of Karachi, Pakistan</title><title>Diabetes research and clinical practice</title><addtitle>Diabetes Res Clin Pract</addtitle><description>Abstract Aims This study aimed to explore the prevalence of, and factors associated with, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (UDM) in a community setting in Pakistan. Methodology A single-center, cross-sectional study, conducted in a community-based specialized care center (SCC) for diabetes in District Central Karachi, in 2003, registered 452 type 2 DM participants, tested for HbA1c and interviewed face-to-face for other information. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with UDM. Results Prevalence of UDM among diabetes patients was found to be 38.9% (95% CI: 34.4–43.4%). Multivariable logistic regression model analysis indicated that age <50 years (OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.2–2.9), being diagnosed in a hospital (vs. a clinic) (OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1–2.8), diabetes information from a doctor or nurse only (vs. multiple sources) (OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.2–2.9), higher monthly treatment cost (OR: 1.3; 95% CI: 1.1–1.6; for every extra 500 PKR), and higher consumption of tea (OR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.0–2.2; for every 2 extra cups) were independently associated with UDM. Conclusion The prevalence of UDM was approximately 39% among persons with type 2 diabetes visiting a community based SCC for diabetes. Modifiable risk factors such as sources of diabetes information and black tea consumption can be considered as potential targets of interventions in Karachi.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Asia</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - complications</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology</subject><subject>Diabetes mellitusType 2</subject><subject>Endocrinology & Metabolism</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Glycated Hemoglobin A - metabolism</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hyperglycemia - epidemiology</subject><subject>Hyperglycemia - etiology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Pakistan - epidemiology</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Tea</subject><subject>Uncontrolled</subject><subject>Urban Population - statistics & numerical data</subject><issn>0168-8227</issn><issn>1872-8227</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFUstuFDEQtBARWQKfAPKRAzuxe94cQCg8gohEJNiz5bF7iHdn7IntCdq_yCfjYRcOcOBiW1ZVdXdVE_KMs4wzXp1vM21k5zFkwHiRsTZjUD4gK97UsG4A6odklXDNr_cpeRzCljFW5UX5iJxCWZS8acsVud9Y5Wz0bhhQ00USIwY64jCYOIdX9NrjnRzQKqTSaupN2NFequh8oHJ09jud0E0D0h8m3tC4n5DCvzrU2ESnG9-l850J0RsVqevpZ-mlujEv6bXcpW9pn5CTXg4Bnx7vM7L58P7bxeX66svHTxdvr9aqABbXOVSthAJVLpf5AbjsucaCVQXXTNasrrjumaplqaWGtuor1ak-7zTUfQt5fkZeHHQn725nDFGMJqjUrrTo5iB4VULeNDWDBC0PUOVdCB57MXkzSr8XnIklDLEVxzDE0oxgrUhhJN7zY4m5G1H_Yf12PwHeHACYBr0z6EVQZrFaG48qCu3Mf0u8_ktBDcYaJYcd7jFs3extclFwEUAw8XXZiGUheMFYAWnCn5nWtGY</recordid><startdate>20150101</startdate><enddate>20150101</enddate><creator>Siddiqui, Fahad Javaid</creator><creator>Avan, Bilal Iqbal</creator><creator>Mahmud, Sadia</creator><creator>Nanan, Debra J</creator><creator>Jabbar, Abdul</creator><creator>Assam, Pryseley Nkouibert</creator><general>Elsevier Ireland Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9046-5105</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20150101</creationdate><title>Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus: Prevalence and risk factors among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in an Urban District of Karachi, Pakistan</title><author>Siddiqui, Fahad Javaid ; Avan, Bilal Iqbal ; Mahmud, Sadia ; Nanan, Debra J ; Jabbar, Abdul ; Assam, Pryseley Nkouibert</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c420t-3269a24ec3a2014221af1de40641d0a70761df0c7a5dad296f6cbcf3bd27f9233</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Asia</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - complications</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology</topic><topic>Diabetes mellitusType 2</topic><topic>Endocrinology & Metabolism</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Glycated Hemoglobin A - metabolism</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hyperglycemia - epidemiology</topic><topic>Hyperglycemia - etiology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Pakistan - epidemiology</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Tea</topic><topic>Uncontrolled</topic><topic>Urban Population - statistics & numerical data</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Siddiqui, Fahad Javaid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Avan, Bilal Iqbal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mahmud, Sadia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nanan, Debra J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jabbar, Abdul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Assam, Pryseley Nkouibert</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Diabetes research and clinical practice</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Siddiqui, Fahad Javaid</au><au>Avan, Bilal Iqbal</au><au>Mahmud, Sadia</au><au>Nanan, Debra J</au><au>Jabbar, Abdul</au><au>Assam, Pryseley Nkouibert</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus: Prevalence and risk factors among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in an Urban District of Karachi, Pakistan</atitle><jtitle>Diabetes research and clinical practice</jtitle><addtitle>Diabetes Res Clin Pract</addtitle><date>2015-01-01</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>107</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>148</spage><epage>156</epage><pages>148-156</pages><issn>0168-8227</issn><eissn>1872-8227</eissn><abstract>Abstract Aims This study aimed to explore the prevalence of, and factors associated with, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (UDM) in a community setting in Pakistan. Methodology A single-center, cross-sectional study, conducted in a community-based specialized care center (SCC) for diabetes in District Central Karachi, in 2003, registered 452 type 2 DM participants, tested for HbA1c and interviewed face-to-face for other information. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with UDM. Results Prevalence of UDM among diabetes patients was found to be 38.9% (95% CI: 34.4–43.4%). Multivariable logistic regression model analysis indicated that age <50 years (OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.2–2.9), being diagnosed in a hospital (vs. a clinic) (OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1–2.8), diabetes information from a doctor or nurse only (vs. multiple sources) (OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.2–2.9), higher monthly treatment cost (OR: 1.3; 95% CI: 1.1–1.6; for every extra 500 PKR), and higher consumption of tea (OR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.0–2.2; for every 2 extra cups) were independently associated with UDM. Conclusion The prevalence of UDM was approximately 39% among persons with type 2 diabetes visiting a community based SCC for diabetes. Modifiable risk factors such as sources of diabetes information and black tea consumption can be considered as potential targets of interventions in Karachi.</abstract><cop>Ireland</cop><pub>Elsevier Ireland Ltd</pub><pmid>25451895</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.diabres.2014.09.025</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9046-5105</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Asia Cross-Sectional Studies Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - complications Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology Diabetes mellitusType 2 Endocrinology & Metabolism Female Glycated Hemoglobin A - metabolism Humans Hyperglycemia - epidemiology Hyperglycemia - etiology Male Middle Aged Pakistan - epidemiology Prevalence Risk Factors Tea Uncontrolled Urban Population - statistics & numerical data |
| title | Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus: Prevalence and risk factors among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in an Urban District of Karachi, Pakistan |
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