Optimization of Lead and Silver Extraction from Zinc Plant Residues in the Presence of Calcium Hypochlorite Using Statistical Design of Experiments
In this work, a chloride/hypochlorite leaching process was performed for zinc plant residues. Sodium chloride and calcium hypochlorite were used as leaching and oxidizing agents, respectively. Fractional factorial method has been used to test main effects, and interactions among factors were investi...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Metallurgical and materials transactions. B, Process metallurgy and materials processing science Process metallurgy and materials processing science, 2014-12, Vol.45 (6), p.2018-2026 |
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| creator | Behnajady, Bahram Moghaddam, Javad |
| description | In this work, a chloride/hypochlorite leaching process was performed for zinc plant residues. Sodium chloride and calcium hypochlorite were used as leaching and oxidizing agents, respectively. Fractional factorial method has been used to test main effects, and interactions among factors were investigated. The statistical software named Design-Expert 7 has been utilized to design experiments and subsequent analysis. Parameters and their levels were reaction time (
t
= 16 and 120 minutes), reaction temperature [
T
= 303 K and 343 K (30 °C and 70 °C)], solid-to-liquid ratio (
S
/
L
=
1/6 and 1/38), pH (pH = 0.5 and 2), and Ca(OCl)
2
concentration (
C
= 0.6 and 3 g/L). Analysis of variance was also employed to determine the relationship between experimental conditions and yield levels. Results showed that reaction temperature and pH were significant parameters for both lead and silver extractions but solid-to-liquid ratio had significant effect only on lead extraction. Increasing pH reduced leaching efficiency of lead and silver. However, increasing reaction temperature promoted the extraction of lead and silver. Ultimate optimum conditions from this study were
t
1
: 16 min,
T
2
: 343 K (70 °C), (
S
/
L
)
2
: 1/38, pH
1
: 0.5, and
C
1
: 0.6 g/L. Under these conditions, extractions of lead and silver were 93.60 and 49.21 pct, respectively. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11663-014-0130-z |
| format | Article |
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t
= 16 and 120 minutes), reaction temperature [
T
= 303 K and 343 K (30 °C and 70 °C)], solid-to-liquid ratio (
S
/
L
=
1/6 and 1/38), pH (pH = 0.5 and 2), and Ca(OCl)
2
concentration (
C
= 0.6 and 3 g/L). Analysis of variance was also employed to determine the relationship between experimental conditions and yield levels. Results showed that reaction temperature and pH were significant parameters for both lead and silver extractions but solid-to-liquid ratio had significant effect only on lead extraction. Increasing pH reduced leaching efficiency of lead and silver. However, increasing reaction temperature promoted the extraction of lead and silver. Ultimate optimum conditions from this study were
t
1
: 16 min,
T
2
: 343 K (70 °C), (
S
/
L
)
2
: 1/38, pH
1
: 0.5, and
C
1
: 0.6 g/L. Under these conditions, extractions of lead and silver were 93.60 and 49.21 pct, respectively.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1073-5615</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1543-1916</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11663-014-0130-z</identifier><identifier>CODEN: MTTBCR</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Boston: Springer US</publisher><subject>Applied sciences ; Calcium ; Calcium hypochlorite ; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials ; Chemistry and Materials Science ; Exact sciences and technology ; Extraction ; Extraction processes ; Flowers & plants ; Leaching ; Lead ; Materials Science ; Metallic Materials ; Metals. Metallurgy ; Nanotechnology ; Optimization ; Optimization techniques ; Production of metals ; Residues ; Silver ; Statistical analysis ; Structural Materials ; Surfaces and Interfaces ; Thin Films ; Zinc</subject><ispartof>Metallurgical and materials transactions. B, Process metallurgy and materials processing science, 2014-12, Vol.45 (6), p.2018-2026</ispartof><rights>The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International 2014</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c416t-9d31ec5e4995e5b040629d77354dddb17263bf93023b75da44d6a40e8f5d1d133</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c416t-9d31ec5e4995e5b040629d77354dddb17263bf93023b75da44d6a40e8f5d1d133</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11663-014-0130-z$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11663-014-0130-z$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,27928,27929,41492,42561,51323</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=29022915$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Behnajady, Bahram</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moghaddam, Javad</creatorcontrib><title>Optimization of Lead and Silver Extraction from Zinc Plant Residues in the Presence of Calcium Hypochlorite Using Statistical Design of Experiments</title><title>Metallurgical and materials transactions. B, Process metallurgy and materials processing science</title><addtitle>Metall Mater Trans B</addtitle><description>In this work, a chloride/hypochlorite leaching process was performed for zinc plant residues. Sodium chloride and calcium hypochlorite were used as leaching and oxidizing agents, respectively. Fractional factorial method has been used to test main effects, and interactions among factors were investigated. The statistical software named Design-Expert 7 has been utilized to design experiments and subsequent analysis. Parameters and their levels were reaction time (
t
= 16 and 120 minutes), reaction temperature [
T
= 303 K and 343 K (30 °C and 70 °C)], solid-to-liquid ratio (
S
/
L
=
1/6 and 1/38), pH (pH = 0.5 and 2), and Ca(OCl)
2
concentration (
C
= 0.6 and 3 g/L). Analysis of variance was also employed to determine the relationship between experimental conditions and yield levels. Results showed that reaction temperature and pH were significant parameters for both lead and silver extractions but solid-to-liquid ratio had significant effect only on lead extraction. Increasing pH reduced leaching efficiency of lead and silver. However, increasing reaction temperature promoted the extraction of lead and silver. Ultimate optimum conditions from this study were
t
1
: 16 min,
T
2
: 343 K (70 °C), (
S
/
L
)
2
: 1/38, pH
1
: 0.5, and
C
1
: 0.6 g/L. Under these conditions, extractions of lead and silver were 93.60 and 49.21 pct, respectively.</description><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Calcium</subject><subject>Calcium hypochlorite</subject><subject>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</subject><subject>Chemistry and Materials Science</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Extraction</subject><subject>Extraction processes</subject><subject>Flowers & plants</subject><subject>Leaching</subject><subject>Lead</subject><subject>Materials Science</subject><subject>Metallic Materials</subject><subject>Metals. Metallurgy</subject><subject>Nanotechnology</subject><subject>Optimization</subject><subject>Optimization techniques</subject><subject>Production of metals</subject><subject>Residues</subject><subject>Silver</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Structural Materials</subject><subject>Surfaces and Interfaces</subject><subject>Thin Films</subject><subject>Zinc</subject><issn>1073-5615</issn><issn>1543-1916</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kd9qFDEUxgdRsFYfwLuACN6Mzcm_aS5lXa2w0GLtjTchm5zZpsxkxiRb2n0NX9hstxQRvAgJnN_5zvnyNc1boB-B0u4kAyjFWwqiHk7b3bPmCKTgLWhQz-ubdryVCuTL5lXON5RSpTU_an6fzyWMYWdLmCKZerJC64mNnlyG4RYTWd6VZN1DtU_TSH6G6MjFYGMh3zEHv8VMQiTlGslFwozR4V5mYQcXtiM5u58ndz1MKRQkVznEDbksdVguwdmBfK4Sm4e5y7sZUxgxlvy6edHbIeObx_u4ufqy_LE4a1fnX78tPq1aJ0CVVnsO6CQKrSXKNRVUMe27jkvhvV9DxxRf95pTxted9FYIr6ygeNpLDx44P24-HHTnNP2qPooZQ3Y4VHM4bbMBJUEw0FRX9N0_6M20TbFuVynGqT7thKwUHCiXppwT9maulmy6N0DNPiZziMnUmMw-JrOrPe8flW2uP9InG13IT41MU8Y07LXZgcu1FDeY_trgv-J_AFqNo6M</recordid><startdate>20141201</startdate><enddate>20141201</enddate><creator>Behnajady, Bahram</creator><creator>Moghaddam, Javad</creator><general>Springer US</general><general>Springer</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>4T-</scope><scope>4U-</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AF</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>S0X</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20141201</creationdate><title>Optimization of Lead and Silver Extraction from Zinc Plant Residues in the Presence of Calcium Hypochlorite Using Statistical Design of Experiments</title><author>Behnajady, Bahram ; Moghaddam, Javad</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c416t-9d31ec5e4995e5b040629d77354dddb17263bf93023b75da44d6a40e8f5d1d133</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Calcium</topic><topic>Calcium hypochlorite</topic><topic>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</topic><topic>Chemistry and Materials Science</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Extraction</topic><topic>Extraction processes</topic><topic>Flowers & plants</topic><topic>Leaching</topic><topic>Lead</topic><topic>Materials Science</topic><topic>Metallic Materials</topic><topic>Metals. Metallurgy</topic><topic>Nanotechnology</topic><topic>Optimization</topic><topic>Optimization techniques</topic><topic>Production of metals</topic><topic>Residues</topic><topic>Silver</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Structural Materials</topic><topic>Surfaces and Interfaces</topic><topic>Thin Films</topic><topic>Zinc</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Behnajady, Bahram</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moghaddam, Javad</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Docstoc</collection><collection>University Readers</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>STEM Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>SIRS Editorial</collection><jtitle>Metallurgical and materials transactions. B, Process metallurgy and materials processing science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Behnajady, Bahram</au><au>Moghaddam, Javad</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Optimization of Lead and Silver Extraction from Zinc Plant Residues in the Presence of Calcium Hypochlorite Using Statistical Design of Experiments</atitle><jtitle>Metallurgical and materials transactions. B, Process metallurgy and materials processing science</jtitle><stitle>Metall Mater Trans B</stitle><date>2014-12-01</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>45</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>2018</spage><epage>2026</epage><pages>2018-2026</pages><issn>1073-5615</issn><eissn>1543-1916</eissn><coden>MTTBCR</coden><abstract>In this work, a chloride/hypochlorite leaching process was performed for zinc plant residues. Sodium chloride and calcium hypochlorite were used as leaching and oxidizing agents, respectively. Fractional factorial method has been used to test main effects, and interactions among factors were investigated. The statistical software named Design-Expert 7 has been utilized to design experiments and subsequent analysis. Parameters and their levels were reaction time (
t
= 16 and 120 minutes), reaction temperature [
T
= 303 K and 343 K (30 °C and 70 °C)], solid-to-liquid ratio (
S
/
L
=
1/6 and 1/38), pH (pH = 0.5 and 2), and Ca(OCl)
2
concentration (
C
= 0.6 and 3 g/L). Analysis of variance was also employed to determine the relationship between experimental conditions and yield levels. Results showed that reaction temperature and pH were significant parameters for both lead and silver extractions but solid-to-liquid ratio had significant effect only on lead extraction. Increasing pH reduced leaching efficiency of lead and silver. However, increasing reaction temperature promoted the extraction of lead and silver. Ultimate optimum conditions from this study were
t
1
: 16 min,
T
2
: 343 K (70 °C), (
S
/
L
)
2
: 1/38, pH
1
: 0.5, and
C
1
: 0.6 g/L. Under these conditions, extractions of lead and silver were 93.60 and 49.21 pct, respectively.</abstract><cop>Boston</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><doi>10.1007/s11663-014-0130-z</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1073-5615 |
| ispartof | Metallurgical and materials transactions. B, Process metallurgy and materials processing science, 2014-12, Vol.45 (6), p.2018-2026 |
| issn | 1073-5615 1543-1916 |
| language | eng |
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| source | SpringerNature Journals |
| subjects | Applied sciences Calcium Calcium hypochlorite Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Chemistry and Materials Science Exact sciences and technology Extraction Extraction processes Flowers & plants Leaching Lead Materials Science Metallic Materials Metals. Metallurgy Nanotechnology Optimization Optimization techniques Production of metals Residues Silver Statistical analysis Structural Materials Surfaces and Interfaces Thin Films Zinc |
| title | Optimization of Lead and Silver Extraction from Zinc Plant Residues in the Presence of Calcium Hypochlorite Using Statistical Design of Experiments |
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