Combined anodizing and picosecond laser treatment to control the corrosion rate of biodegradable magnesium alloy AZ31

The corrosion rate of magnesium alloys is generally too high for biodegradable implant applications. This work explored combinations of anodizing and picosecond laser surface treatments to modify the corrosion response of magnesium alloy AZ31. Anodizing of the AZ31 in NaOH solutions produced porous oxide layer structures. Shallow laser treatment of these anodized surfaces, using low pulse powers, resulted mainly in oxide ablation and impaired corrosion resistance. Higher pulse power, resulting in rapid melting and resolidification into the substrate, provided an improved corrosion response. The refined grain structure produced is approximately only 5 µm deep and therefore has minimal influence on bulk mechanical properties. It is therefore a suitable process for surface modifications on small medical device structures. Controlling the initial point of degradation has been demonstrated by the use of selective laser treatment of the AZ31 surface.