Controllable color display induced by excitation-intensity-dependent competition between second and third harmonic generation in ZnO nanorods

We investigated the second and third harmonic generation (SHG and THG) in ZnO nanorods (NRs) by using a femtosecond laser (optical parametric amplifier with tunable wavelengths) with a long excitation wavelength of 1350 nm and a low repetition rate of 1 kHz. The damage threshold for ZnO NRs in this case was sufficiently large, enabling us to observe the competition between SHG and THG. The transition from red to blue emission and the mixing of red and blue light with different ratios were successfully demonstrated by simply varying excitation intensity, implying the potential applications of ZnO NRs in all-optical display.