An environmentally friendly method for the determination of triazine herbicides in estuarine seawater samples by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction
A fast, simple, sensitive and green chemistry method using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) for the simultaneous determination of seven triazine herbicides (ametryn, atrazine, cyanazine, propazine, simazine, simetryn and terbuthylazine) in estuarine seawater samples has been develope...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental science and pollution research international 2015-01, Vol.22 (1), p.618-626 |
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| creator | Rodríguez-González, N. Beceiro-González, E. González-Castro, M. J. Muniategui-Lorenzo, S. |
| description | A fast, simple, sensitive and green chemistry method using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) for the simultaneous determination of seven triazine herbicides (ametryn, atrazine, cyanazine, propazine, simazine, simetryn and terbuthylazine) in estuarine seawater samples has been developed. DLLME was carried out using a small volume of seawater (25 mL) and 300 μL of 1-octanol. Herbicide concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography-diode array detection, and results were confirmed by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation tandem spectrometry analysis. The analytical features of the proposed method were satisfactory with repeatability < ±5 % and intermediate precision < ±10 %, and recoveries ranged from 81–102 % for all compounds. All the triazines exhibited linear matrix calibration curves with coefficients of determination >0.999 for all the analytes except for simazine (0.9975). Limits of quantification ranged between 0.19 and 1.12 μg L
−1
. The method was applied to the analysis of seawater samples from ten points susceptible to contamination by triazines from estuary of A Coruña (Galicia, NW of Spain). The levels of the seven triazines were below the LODs in the analysed samples. Use of proposed method will allow for monitoring of triazines at levels below the regulatory limits set by the European Directive 2008/105/EC of 2 and 4 μg L
−1
for atrazine and simazine, respectively. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11356-014-3383-9 |
| format | Article |
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−1
. The method was applied to the analysis of seawater samples from ten points susceptible to contamination by triazines from estuary of A Coruña (Galicia, NW of Spain). The levels of the seven triazines were below the LODs in the analysed samples. Use of proposed method will allow for monitoring of triazines at levels below the regulatory limits set by the European Directive 2008/105/EC of 2 and 4 μg L
−1
for atrazine and simazine, respectively.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0944-1344</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1614-7499</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3383-9</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25096490</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>1-Octanol ; Agriculture ; Aquatic Pollution ; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; Atrazine ; Atrazine - analysis ; Chemical analysis ; Chromatography ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Councils ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Ecotoxicology ; Environment ; Environmental Chemistry ; Environmental Health ; Environmental science ; Estuaries ; Gardens & gardening ; Green chemistry ; Herbicides ; Herbicides - analysis ; Liquid chromatography ; Liquid Phase Microextraction - methods ; Neighborhoods ; Pesticides ; Pollutants ; Research Article ; Rivers ; Scientific imaging ; Seawater ; Seawater - analysis ; Simazine ; Simazine - analysis ; Solvents ; Spain ; Spectrometry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Studies ; Triazines - analysis ; Waste Water Technology ; Water analysis ; Water Management ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis ; Water Pollution Control</subject><ispartof>Environmental science and pollution research international, 2015-01, Vol.22 (1), p.618-626</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014</rights><rights>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c582t-e7a9f8aa680c119374f39324822c303d78cd5c964b07f00f48358102b9a31ff33</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c582t-e7a9f8aa680c119374f39324822c303d78cd5c964b07f00f48358102b9a31ff33</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11356-014-3383-9$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11356-014-3383-9$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25096490$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Rodríguez-González, N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beceiro-González, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>González-Castro, M. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Muniategui-Lorenzo, S.</creatorcontrib><title>An environmentally friendly method for the determination of triazine herbicides in estuarine seawater samples by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction</title><title>Environmental science and pollution research international</title><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</addtitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><description>A fast, simple, sensitive and green chemistry method using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) for the simultaneous determination of seven triazine herbicides (ametryn, atrazine, cyanazine, propazine, simazine, simetryn and terbuthylazine) in estuarine seawater samples has been developed. DLLME was carried out using a small volume of seawater (25 mL) and 300 μL of 1-octanol. Herbicide concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography-diode array detection, and results were confirmed by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation tandem spectrometry analysis. The analytical features of the proposed method were satisfactory with repeatability < ±5 % and intermediate precision < ±10 %, and recoveries ranged from 81–102 % for all compounds. All the triazines exhibited linear matrix calibration curves with coefficients of determination >0.999 for all the analytes except for simazine (0.9975). Limits of quantification ranged between 0.19 and 1.12 μg L
−1
. The method was applied to the analysis of seawater samples from ten points susceptible to contamination by triazines from estuary of A Coruña (Galicia, NW of Spain). The levels of the seven triazines were below the LODs in the analysed samples. Use of proposed method will allow for monitoring of triazines at levels below the regulatory limits set by the European Directive 2008/105/EC of 2 and 4 μg L
−1
for atrazine and simazine, respectively.</description><subject>1-Octanol</subject><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>Aquatic Pollution</subject><subject>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</subject><subject>Atrazine</subject><subject>Atrazine - analysis</subject><subject>Chemical analysis</subject><subject>Chromatography</subject><subject>Chromatography, Liquid</subject><subject>Councils</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Chemistry</subject><subject>Environmental Health</subject><subject>Environmental science</subject><subject>Estuaries</subject><subject>Gardens & gardening</subject><subject>Green chemistry</subject><subject>Herbicides</subject><subject>Herbicides - analysis</subject><subject>Liquid chromatography</subject><subject>Liquid Phase Microextraction - methods</subject><subject>Neighborhoods</subject><subject>Pesticides</subject><subject>Pollutants</subject><subject>Research Article</subject><subject>Rivers</subject><subject>Scientific imaging</subject><subject>Seawater</subject><subject>Seawater - analysis</subject><subject>Simazine</subject><subject>Simazine - analysis</subject><subject>Solvents</subject><subject>Spain</subject><subject>Spectrometry</subject><subject>Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Triazines - analysis</subject><subject>Waste Water Technology</subject><subject>Water analysis</subject><subject>Water Management</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis</subject><subject>Water Pollution Control</subject><issn>0944-1344</issn><issn>1614-7499</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kctu1TAQhi0EoofCA7BBlth0E5ixnYuXVcVNqsQG1paTjDmuEufUTkoPK96hS96OJ8FRCkJIrDye-eafGf2MPUd4hQD164Qoy6oAVIWUjSz0A7bDKv9qpfVDtgOtVIFSqRP2JKUrAAFa1I_ZiShBV0rDjv04D5zCjY9TGCnMdhiO3EVPoc_BSPN-6rmbIp_3xHuaKY4-2NlPgU-Oz9Hbbz4Q31Nsfed7StxnvTQvNq75RParzU082fEw5Gp75L1PB4rJ3xAf_PXi-5_f77aAj76LE93O0XbriKfskbNDomf37yn7_PbNp4v3xeXHdx8uzi-LrmzEXFBttWusrRroELWslZNaCtUI0UmQfd10fdnle1uoHYBTjSwbBNFqK9E5KU_Z2aZ7iNP1krc3o08dDYMNNC3JYKVqQIElZvTlP-jVtMSQt1spgQpKVJnCjcrnpBTJmUP0o41Hg2BW58zmnMnOmdU5o3PPi3vlpR2p_9Px26oMiA1IuRS-UPxr9H9VfwGkhqe-</recordid><startdate>20150101</startdate><enddate>20150101</enddate><creator>Rodríguez-González, N.</creator><creator>Beceiro-González, E.</creator><creator>González-Castro, M. 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J.</au><au>Muniategui-Lorenzo, S.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>An environmentally friendly method for the determination of triazine herbicides in estuarine seawater samples by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction</atitle><jtitle>Environmental science and pollution research international</jtitle><stitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</stitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><date>2015-01-01</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>22</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>618</spage><epage>626</epage><pages>618-626</pages><issn>0944-1344</issn><eissn>1614-7499</eissn><abstract>A fast, simple, sensitive and green chemistry method using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) for the simultaneous determination of seven triazine herbicides (ametryn, atrazine, cyanazine, propazine, simazine, simetryn and terbuthylazine) in estuarine seawater samples has been developed. DLLME was carried out using a small volume of seawater (25 mL) and 300 μL of 1-octanol. Herbicide concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography-diode array detection, and results were confirmed by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation tandem spectrometry analysis. The analytical features of the proposed method were satisfactory with repeatability < ±5 % and intermediate precision < ±10 %, and recoveries ranged from 81–102 % for all compounds. All the triazines exhibited linear matrix calibration curves with coefficients of determination >0.999 for all the analytes except for simazine (0.9975). Limits of quantification ranged between 0.19 and 1.12 μg L
−1
. The method was applied to the analysis of seawater samples from ten points susceptible to contamination by triazines from estuary of A Coruña (Galicia, NW of Spain). The levels of the seven triazines were below the LODs in the analysed samples. Use of proposed method will allow for monitoring of triazines at levels below the regulatory limits set by the European Directive 2008/105/EC of 2 and 4 μg L
−1
for atrazine and simazine, respectively.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>25096490</pmid><doi>10.1007/s11356-014-3383-9</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | 1-Octanol Agriculture Aquatic Pollution Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Atrazine Atrazine - analysis Chemical analysis Chromatography Chromatography, Liquid Councils Earth and Environmental Science Ecotoxicology Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental Health Environmental science Estuaries Gardens & gardening Green chemistry Herbicides Herbicides - analysis Liquid chromatography Liquid Phase Microextraction - methods Neighborhoods Pesticides Pollutants Research Article Rivers Scientific imaging Seawater Seawater - analysis Simazine Simazine - analysis Solvents Spain Spectrometry Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization Studies Triazines - analysis Waste Water Technology Water analysis Water Management Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis Water Pollution Control |
| title | An environmentally friendly method for the determination of triazine herbicides in estuarine seawater samples by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction |
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