Delta and Kappa Opioid Receptor Subtypes and Ingestion: Antagonist and Glucoprivic Effects

Delta and kappa opioid receptors have been differentiated into further subtypes based upon both biochemical and pharmacological analgesic assays. Whereas hyperphagia elicited by the kappa1 receptor agonist, U50488H is blocked by general and kappa1 opioid antagonists, hyperphagia elicited by the kapp...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Pharmacology, biochemistry and behavior biochemistry and behavior, 1997-03, Vol.56 (3), p.353-361
Hauptverfasser: Yu, Wei-Zhen, Ruegg, Hildegard, Bodnar, Richard J
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
container_end_page 361
container_issue 3
container_start_page 353
container_title Pharmacology, biochemistry and behavior
container_volume 56
creator Yu, Wei-Zhen
Ruegg, Hildegard
Bodnar, Richard J
description Delta and kappa opioid receptors have been differentiated into further subtypes based upon both biochemical and pharmacological analgesic assays. Whereas hyperphagia elicited by the kappa1 receptor agonist, U50488H is blocked by general and kappa1 opioid antagonists, hyperphagia elicited by the kappa3 receptor agonist, naloxone benzoylhydrazone (NalBzOH) is blocked by general, but not kappa1 opioid antagonists. The first study assessed the opioid antagonist profile of hyperphagia elicited by centrally administered delta1 ([D-Pen2, D-Pen5 ]-enkephalin, DPDPE: 5-50 μg) and delta2 ([D-Ala2, Glu4 ]-Deltorphin, Delt II: 5-50 μg) agonists following central pretreatment with general (naltrexone), delta1 ([D-Ala2, Leu5, Cys6 ]-enkephalin, DALCE) and delta2 (naltrindole isothiocyanate, NTII) opioid antagonists. It is also important to determine whether selective opioid receptor subtype agonists are capable of altering intake in ingestive situations other than spontaneous feeding. The second study examined whether centrally administered delta1, delta2, kappa1 or kappa3 agonists altered the pattern and magnitude of hyperphagia elicited by 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG: 50-400 mg/kg, IP). DPDPE-induced hyperphagia was significantly reduced by naltrexone and NTII, but not DALCE. Delt II-induced hyperphagia was significantly reduced by DALCE and NTII, but not naltrexone. Pairing Delt II (5 μg) with low (100-200 mg/kg) 2DG doses significantly enhanced intake, producing a leftward (3-fold) shift in 2DG's hyperphagic dose-response curve. In contrast, DPDPE failed to alter 2DG-induced hyperphagia, and kappa1 and kappa3 opioid agonists each produced small, but significant increases in 2DG-induced hyperphagia. The antagonist data suggest the possibility of physiological and pharmacological interactions between delta receptor subtypes in mediating food intake, and it would appear that delta2 opioid receptors exert facilitatory effects upon glucoprivic hyperphagia.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/S0091-3057(96)00220-1
format Article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_16461594</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>S0091305796002201</els_id><sourcerecordid>16461594</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c420t-6cbd4bde41973f3dc0b31a1b65abeb4b933527a900a0b89dc85259a3f56263853</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkE1P3DAQhq2qFV2gPwEpB1TBIWUcx3bMBSG-BRJSaS-9WP6YIFfZONgJEv-esLvaK6c5vM_MvHoIOaDwiwIVJ08AipYMuDxS4higqqCkX8iCNpKVnEr5lSy2yHeym_N_AKgrIXfIjgIpuVAL8u8Su9EUpvfFvRkGUzwOIQZf_EaHwxhT8TTZ8W3AvELu-mfMY4j9aXHej-Y59iGPq-Smm1wcUngNrrhqW3Rj3iffWtNl_LGZe-Tv9dWfi9vy4fHm7uL8oXR1BWMpnPW19VhTJVnLvAPLqKFWcGPR1lYxxitpFIAB2yjvGl5xZVjLRSVYw9ke-bm-O6T4Ms399DJkh11neoxT1lTUgnJVzyBfgy7FnBO2ei68NOlNU9AfTvXKqf4QppXQK6eaznsHmweTXaLfbm0kzvnhJjfZma5Npnchb7FK8LqRMGNnawxnGa8Bk84uYO_QhzT70j6GT4q8A6aBko0</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>16461594</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Delta and Kappa Opioid Receptor Subtypes and Ingestion: Antagonist and Glucoprivic Effects</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>ScienceDirect Journals (5 years ago - present)</source><creator>Yu, Wei-Zhen ; Ruegg, Hildegard ; Bodnar, Richard J</creator><creatorcontrib>Yu, Wei-Zhen ; Ruegg, Hildegard ; Bodnar, Richard J</creatorcontrib><description>Delta and kappa opioid receptors have been differentiated into further subtypes based upon both biochemical and pharmacological analgesic assays. Whereas hyperphagia elicited by the kappa1 receptor agonist, U50488H is blocked by general and kappa1 opioid antagonists, hyperphagia elicited by the kappa3 receptor agonist, naloxone benzoylhydrazone (NalBzOH) is blocked by general, but not kappa1 opioid antagonists. The first study assessed the opioid antagonist profile of hyperphagia elicited by centrally administered delta1 ([D-Pen2, D-Pen5 ]-enkephalin, DPDPE: 5-50 μg) and delta2 ([D-Ala2, Glu4 ]-Deltorphin, Delt II: 5-50 μg) agonists following central pretreatment with general (naltrexone), delta1 ([D-Ala2, Leu5, Cys6 ]-enkephalin, DALCE) and delta2 (naltrindole isothiocyanate, NTII) opioid antagonists. It is also important to determine whether selective opioid receptor subtype agonists are capable of altering intake in ingestive situations other than spontaneous feeding. The second study examined whether centrally administered delta1, delta2, kappa1 or kappa3 agonists altered the pattern and magnitude of hyperphagia elicited by 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG: 50-400 mg/kg, IP). DPDPE-induced hyperphagia was significantly reduced by naltrexone and NTII, but not DALCE. Delt II-induced hyperphagia was significantly reduced by DALCE and NTII, but not naltrexone. Pairing Delt II (5 μg) with low (100-200 mg/kg) 2DG doses significantly enhanced intake, producing a leftward (3-fold) shift in 2DG's hyperphagic dose-response curve. In contrast, DPDPE failed to alter 2DG-induced hyperphagia, and kappa1 and kappa3 opioid agonists each produced small, but significant increases in 2DG-induced hyperphagia. The antagonist data suggest the possibility of physiological and pharmacological interactions between delta receptor subtypes in mediating food intake, and it would appear that delta2 opioid receptors exert facilitatory effects upon glucoprivic hyperphagia.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0091-3057</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-5177</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/S0091-3057(96)00220-1</identifier><identifier>PMID: 9077569</identifier><identifier>CODEN: PBBHAU</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York, NY: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer ; Animals ; Behavioral psychophysiology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cerebral Ventricles ; Delta1 receptor ; Delta2 receptor ; Deoxyglucose - pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Synergism ; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5) ; Enkephalins - pharmacology ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Glucoprivation ; Hyperphagia - chemically induced ; Hyperphagia - physiopathology ; Infusions, Parenteral ; Kappa1 receptor ; Kappa3 receptor ; Male ; Naloxone - analogs &amp; derivatives ; Naloxone - pharmacology ; Neurotransmission and behavior ; Opioids Food intake ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychology. Psychophysiology ; Pyrrolidines - pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Opioid, delta - drug effects ; Receptors, Opioid, delta - physiology ; Receptors, Opioid, kappa - drug effects ; Receptors, Opioid, kappa - physiology ; Regression Analysis</subject><ispartof>Pharmacology, biochemistry and behavior, 1997-03, Vol.56 (3), p.353-361</ispartof><rights>1997 Elsevier Science Inc.</rights><rights>1997 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c420t-6cbd4bde41973f3dc0b31a1b65abeb4b933527a900a0b89dc85259a3f56263853</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c420t-6cbd4bde41973f3dc0b31a1b65abeb4b933527a900a0b89dc85259a3f56263853</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0091-3057(96)00220-1$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3548,27923,27924,45994</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&amp;idt=2654870$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9077569$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Yu, Wei-Zhen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ruegg, Hildegard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bodnar, Richard J</creatorcontrib><title>Delta and Kappa Opioid Receptor Subtypes and Ingestion: Antagonist and Glucoprivic Effects</title><title>Pharmacology, biochemistry and behavior</title><addtitle>Pharmacol Biochem Behav</addtitle><description>Delta and kappa opioid receptors have been differentiated into further subtypes based upon both biochemical and pharmacological analgesic assays. Whereas hyperphagia elicited by the kappa1 receptor agonist, U50488H is blocked by general and kappa1 opioid antagonists, hyperphagia elicited by the kappa3 receptor agonist, naloxone benzoylhydrazone (NalBzOH) is blocked by general, but not kappa1 opioid antagonists. The first study assessed the opioid antagonist profile of hyperphagia elicited by centrally administered delta1 ([D-Pen2, D-Pen5 ]-enkephalin, DPDPE: 5-50 μg) and delta2 ([D-Ala2, Glu4 ]-Deltorphin, Delt II: 5-50 μg) agonists following central pretreatment with general (naltrexone), delta1 ([D-Ala2, Leu5, Cys6 ]-enkephalin, DALCE) and delta2 (naltrindole isothiocyanate, NTII) opioid antagonists. It is also important to determine whether selective opioid receptor subtype agonists are capable of altering intake in ingestive situations other than spontaneous feeding. The second study examined whether centrally administered delta1, delta2, kappa1 or kappa3 agonists altered the pattern and magnitude of hyperphagia elicited by 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG: 50-400 mg/kg, IP). DPDPE-induced hyperphagia was significantly reduced by naltrexone and NTII, but not DALCE. Delt II-induced hyperphagia was significantly reduced by DALCE and NTII, but not naltrexone. Pairing Delt II (5 μg) with low (100-200 mg/kg) 2DG doses significantly enhanced intake, producing a leftward (3-fold) shift in 2DG's hyperphagic dose-response curve. In contrast, DPDPE failed to alter 2DG-induced hyperphagia, and kappa1 and kappa3 opioid agonists each produced small, but significant increases in 2DG-induced hyperphagia. The antagonist data suggest the possibility of physiological and pharmacological interactions between delta receptor subtypes in mediating food intake, and it would appear that delta2 opioid receptors exert facilitatory effects upon glucoprivic hyperphagia.</description><subject>3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Behavioral psychophysiology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cerebral Ventricles</subject><subject>Delta1 receptor</subject><subject>Delta2 receptor</subject><subject>Deoxyglucose - pharmacology</subject><subject>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</subject><subject>Drug Synergism</subject><subject>Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)</subject><subject>Enkephalins - pharmacology</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Glucoprivation</subject><subject>Hyperphagia - chemically induced</subject><subject>Hyperphagia - physiopathology</subject><subject>Infusions, Parenteral</subject><subject>Kappa1 receptor</subject><subject>Kappa3 receptor</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Naloxone - analogs &amp; derivatives</subject><subject>Naloxone - pharmacology</subject><subject>Neurotransmission and behavior</subject><subject>Opioids Food intake</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychophysiology</subject><subject>Pyrrolidines - pharmacology</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</subject><subject>Receptors, Opioid, delta - drug effects</subject><subject>Receptors, Opioid, delta - physiology</subject><subject>Receptors, Opioid, kappa - drug effects</subject><subject>Receptors, Opioid, kappa - physiology</subject><subject>Regression Analysis</subject><issn>0091-3057</issn><issn>1873-5177</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1997</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkE1P3DAQhq2qFV2gPwEpB1TBIWUcx3bMBSG-BRJSaS-9WP6YIFfZONgJEv-esLvaK6c5vM_MvHoIOaDwiwIVJ08AipYMuDxS4higqqCkX8iCNpKVnEr5lSy2yHeym_N_AKgrIXfIjgIpuVAL8u8Su9EUpvfFvRkGUzwOIQZf_EaHwxhT8TTZ8W3AvELu-mfMY4j9aXHej-Y59iGPq-Smm1wcUngNrrhqW3Rj3iffWtNl_LGZe-Tv9dWfi9vy4fHm7uL8oXR1BWMpnPW19VhTJVnLvAPLqKFWcGPR1lYxxitpFIAB2yjvGl5xZVjLRSVYw9ke-bm-O6T4Ms399DJkh11neoxT1lTUgnJVzyBfgy7FnBO2ei68NOlNU9AfTvXKqf4QppXQK6eaznsHmweTXaLfbm0kzvnhJjfZma5Npnchb7FK8LqRMGNnawxnGa8Bk84uYO_QhzT70j6GT4q8A6aBko0</recordid><startdate>19970301</startdate><enddate>19970301</enddate><creator>Yu, Wei-Zhen</creator><creator>Ruegg, Hildegard</creator><creator>Bodnar, Richard J</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Elsevier Science</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19970301</creationdate><title>Delta and Kappa Opioid Receptor Subtypes and Ingestion: Antagonist and Glucoprivic Effects</title><author>Yu, Wei-Zhen ; Ruegg, Hildegard ; Bodnar, Richard J</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c420t-6cbd4bde41973f3dc0b31a1b65abeb4b933527a900a0b89dc85259a3f56263853</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1997</creationdate><topic>3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Behavioral psychophysiology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cerebral Ventricles</topic><topic>Delta1 receptor</topic><topic>Delta2 receptor</topic><topic>Deoxyglucose - pharmacology</topic><topic>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</topic><topic>Drug Synergism</topic><topic>Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)</topic><topic>Enkephalins - pharmacology</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Glucoprivation</topic><topic>Hyperphagia - chemically induced</topic><topic>Hyperphagia - physiopathology</topic><topic>Infusions, Parenteral</topic><topic>Kappa1 receptor</topic><topic>Kappa3 receptor</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Naloxone - analogs &amp; derivatives</topic><topic>Naloxone - pharmacology</topic><topic>Neurotransmission and behavior</topic><topic>Opioids Food intake</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychophysiology</topic><topic>Pyrrolidines - pharmacology</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</topic><topic>Receptors, Opioid, delta - drug effects</topic><topic>Receptors, Opioid, delta - physiology</topic><topic>Receptors, Opioid, kappa - drug effects</topic><topic>Receptors, Opioid, kappa - physiology</topic><topic>Regression Analysis</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Yu, Wei-Zhen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ruegg, Hildegard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bodnar, Richard J</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Pharmacology, biochemistry and behavior</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Yu, Wei-Zhen</au><au>Ruegg, Hildegard</au><au>Bodnar, Richard J</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Delta and Kappa Opioid Receptor Subtypes and Ingestion: Antagonist and Glucoprivic Effects</atitle><jtitle>Pharmacology, biochemistry and behavior</jtitle><addtitle>Pharmacol Biochem Behav</addtitle><date>1997-03-01</date><risdate>1997</risdate><volume>56</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>353</spage><epage>361</epage><pages>353-361</pages><issn>0091-3057</issn><eissn>1873-5177</eissn><coden>PBBHAU</coden><abstract>Delta and kappa opioid receptors have been differentiated into further subtypes based upon both biochemical and pharmacological analgesic assays. Whereas hyperphagia elicited by the kappa1 receptor agonist, U50488H is blocked by general and kappa1 opioid antagonists, hyperphagia elicited by the kappa3 receptor agonist, naloxone benzoylhydrazone (NalBzOH) is blocked by general, but not kappa1 opioid antagonists. The first study assessed the opioid antagonist profile of hyperphagia elicited by centrally administered delta1 ([D-Pen2, D-Pen5 ]-enkephalin, DPDPE: 5-50 μg) and delta2 ([D-Ala2, Glu4 ]-Deltorphin, Delt II: 5-50 μg) agonists following central pretreatment with general (naltrexone), delta1 ([D-Ala2, Leu5, Cys6 ]-enkephalin, DALCE) and delta2 (naltrindole isothiocyanate, NTII) opioid antagonists. It is also important to determine whether selective opioid receptor subtype agonists are capable of altering intake in ingestive situations other than spontaneous feeding. The second study examined whether centrally administered delta1, delta2, kappa1 or kappa3 agonists altered the pattern and magnitude of hyperphagia elicited by 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG: 50-400 mg/kg, IP). DPDPE-induced hyperphagia was significantly reduced by naltrexone and NTII, but not DALCE. Delt II-induced hyperphagia was significantly reduced by DALCE and NTII, but not naltrexone. Pairing Delt II (5 μg) with low (100-200 mg/kg) 2DG doses significantly enhanced intake, producing a leftward (3-fold) shift in 2DG's hyperphagic dose-response curve. In contrast, DPDPE failed to alter 2DG-induced hyperphagia, and kappa1 and kappa3 opioid agonists each produced small, but significant increases in 2DG-induced hyperphagia. The antagonist data suggest the possibility of physiological and pharmacological interactions between delta receptor subtypes in mediating food intake, and it would appear that delta2 opioid receptors exert facilitatory effects upon glucoprivic hyperphagia.</abstract><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>9077569</pmid><doi>10.1016/S0091-3057(96)00220-1</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 0091-3057
ispartof Pharmacology, biochemistry and behavior, 1997-03, Vol.56 (3), p.353-361
issn 0091-3057
1873-5177
language eng
recordid cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_16461594
source MEDLINE; ScienceDirect Journals (5 years ago - present)
subjects 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer
Animals
Behavioral psychophysiology
Biological and medical sciences
Cerebral Ventricles
Delta1 receptor
Delta2 receptor
Deoxyglucose - pharmacology
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Drug Synergism
Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)
Enkephalins - pharmacology
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Glucoprivation
Hyperphagia - chemically induced
Hyperphagia - physiopathology
Infusions, Parenteral
Kappa1 receptor
Kappa3 receptor
Male
Naloxone - analogs & derivatives
Naloxone - pharmacology
Neurotransmission and behavior
Opioids Food intake
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychology. Psychophysiology
Pyrrolidines - pharmacology
Rats
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Receptors, Opioid, delta - drug effects
Receptors, Opioid, delta - physiology
Receptors, Opioid, kappa - drug effects
Receptors, Opioid, kappa - physiology
Regression Analysis
title Delta and Kappa Opioid Receptor Subtypes and Ingestion: Antagonist and Glucoprivic Effects
url https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-12T17%3A05%3A02IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Delta%20and%20Kappa%20Opioid%20Receptor%20Subtypes%20and%20Ingestion:%20Antagonist%20and%20Glucoprivic%20Effects&rft.jtitle=Pharmacology,%20biochemistry%20and%20behavior&rft.au=Yu,%20Wei-Zhen&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=353&rft.epage=361&rft.pages=353-361&rft.issn=0091-3057&rft.eissn=1873-5177&rft.coden=PBBHAU&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/S0091-3057(96)00220-1&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E16461594%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=16461594&rft_id=info:pmid/9077569&rft_els_id=S0091305796002201&rfr_iscdi=true