A multimodal assessment of melanin and melanocyte activity in abnormally pigmented hypertrophic scar

Using a validated swine model of human scar formation, hyperpigmented and hypopigmented scar samples were examined for their histological and optical properties to help elucidate the mechanisms and characteristics of dyspigmentation. Full-thickness wounds were created on the flanks of red Duroc pigs...

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal of burn care & research 2015-01, Vol.36 (1), p.77-86
Hauptverfasser: Travis, Taryn E, Ghassemi, Pejhman, Ramella-Roman, Jessica C, Prindeze, Nicholas J, Paul, Dereck W, Moffatt, Lauren T, Jordan, Marion H, Shupp, Jeffrey W
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container_end_page 86
container_issue 1
container_start_page 77
container_title Journal of burn care & research
container_volume 36
creator Travis, Taryn E
Ghassemi, Pejhman
Ramella-Roman, Jessica C
Prindeze, Nicholas J
Paul, Dereck W
Moffatt, Lauren T
Jordan, Marion H
Shupp, Jeffrey W
description Using a validated swine model of human scar formation, hyperpigmented and hypopigmented scar samples were examined for their histological and optical properties to help elucidate the mechanisms and characteristics of dyspigmentation. Full-thickness wounds were created on the flanks of red Duroc pigs and allowed to heal. Biopsies from areas of hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation, and uninjured tissue were fixed and embedded for histological examination using Azure B and primary antibodies to S100B, HMB45, and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). Spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) was then used to examine the optical properties of scars. Hyperpigmentation was first noticeable in healing wounds around weeks 2 to 3, gradually becoming darker. There was no significant difference in S100B staining for the presence of melanocytes between hyperpigmented and hypopigmented scar samples. Azure B staining of melanin was significantly greater in histological sections from hyperpigmented areas than in sections from both uninjured skin and hypopigmented scar (P < .0001). There was significantly greater staining for α-MSH in hyperpigmented samples compared with hypopigmented samples (P = .0121), and HMB45 staining was positive for melanocytes in hyperpigmented scar. SFDI at a wavelength of 632 nm resulted in an absorption coefficient map correlating with visibly hyperpigmented areas of scars. In a red Duroc model of hypertrophic scar formation, melanocyte number is similar in hyperpigmented and hypopigmented tissues. Hyperpigmented tissues, however, show a greater amount of melanin and α-MSH, along with immunohistochemical evidence of stimulated melanocytes. These observations encourage further investigation of melanocyte stimulation and the inflammatory environment within a wound that may influence melanocyte activity. Additionally, SFDI can be used to identify areas of melanin content in mature, pigmented scars, which may lead to its usefulness in wounds at earlier time points before markedly apparent pigmentation abnormalities.
doi_str_mv 10.1097/BCR.0000000000000154
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Full-thickness wounds were created on the flanks of red Duroc pigs and allowed to heal. Biopsies from areas of hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation, and uninjured tissue were fixed and embedded for histological examination using Azure B and primary antibodies to S100B, HMB45, and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). Spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) was then used to examine the optical properties of scars. Hyperpigmentation was first noticeable in healing wounds around weeks 2 to 3, gradually becoming darker. There was no significant difference in S100B staining for the presence of melanocytes between hyperpigmented and hypopigmented scar samples. Azure B staining of melanin was significantly greater in histological sections from hyperpigmented areas than in sections from both uninjured skin and hypopigmented scar (P &lt; .0001). There was significantly greater staining for α-MSH in hyperpigmented samples compared with hypopigmented samples (P = .0121), and HMB45 staining was positive for melanocytes in hyperpigmented scar. SFDI at a wavelength of 632 nm resulted in an absorption coefficient map correlating with visibly hyperpigmented areas of scars. In a red Duroc model of hypertrophic scar formation, melanocyte number is similar in hyperpigmented and hypopigmented tissues. Hyperpigmented tissues, however, show a greater amount of melanin and α-MSH, along with immunohistochemical evidence of stimulated melanocytes. These observations encourage further investigation of melanocyte stimulation and the inflammatory environment within a wound that may influence melanocyte activity. 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subjects alpha-MSH - metabolism
Animals
Cicatrix, Hypertrophic - etiology
Cicatrix, Hypertrophic - metabolism
Cicatrix, Hypertrophic - pathology
Disease Models, Animal
Hyperpigmentation - etiology
Hyperpigmentation - metabolism
Hyperpigmentation - pathology
Hypopigmentation - etiology
Hypopigmentation - metabolism
Hypopigmentation - pathology
Male
Melanins - metabolism
Melanocytes - physiology
Swine
Wound Healing - physiology
title A multimodal assessment of melanin and melanocyte activity in abnormally pigmented hypertrophic scar
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