High-capacity thermo-responsive magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers for selective extraction of curcuminoids

•Novel TMMIPs with high capacity and selectivity were prepared.•Ethanol solution increased the binding capaction of TMMIPs.•NIPAm as thermo-responsive monomer and functional co-monomer.•Adsorption capacity of curcumin on TMMIPs was higher than that on MMIPs.•Group selectivity of TMMIPs was studied b...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Journal of Chromatography A 2014-08, Vol.1354, p.1-8
Hauptverfasser: You, Qingping, Zhang, Yuping, Zhang, Qingwen, Guo, Junfang, Huang, Weihua, Shi, Shuyun, Chen, Xiaoqin
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
container_end_page 8
container_issue
container_start_page 1
container_title Journal of Chromatography A
container_volume 1354
creator You, Qingping
Zhang, Yuping
Zhang, Qingwen
Guo, Junfang
Huang, Weihua
Shi, Shuyun
Chen, Xiaoqin
description •Novel TMMIPs with high capacity and selectivity were prepared.•Ethanol solution increased the binding capaction of TMMIPs.•NIPAm as thermo-responsive monomer and functional co-monomer.•Adsorption capacity of curcumin on TMMIPs was higher than that on MMIPs.•Group selectivity of TMMIPs was studied by the binding of curcumonoids. Thermo-responsive magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (TMMIPs) for selective recognition of curcuminoids with high capacity and selectivity have firstly been developed. The resulting TMMIPs were characterized by TEM, FT-IR, TGA, VSM and UV, which indicated that TMMIPs showed thermo-responsiveness [lower critical solution temperature (LCST) at 33.71°C] and rapid magnetic separation (5s). The polymerization, adsorption and release conditions were optimized in detail to obtain the highest binding capacity, selectivity and release ratio. We found that the adopted thermo-responsive monomer [N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm)] could be considered not only as inert polymer backbone for thermo-responsiveness but also as functional co-monomers combination with basic monomer (4-VP) for more specific binding sites when ethanol was added in binding solution. The maximum adsorption capacity with highest selectivity of curcumin was 440.3μg/g (1.93 times that on MMIPs with no thermosensitivity) at 45°C (above LCST) in 20% (v/v) ethanol solution on shrunk TMMIPs, and the maximum release proportion was about 98% at 20°C (below LCST) in methanol–acetic acid (9/1, v/v) solution on swelled TMMIPs. The adsorption process between curcumin and TMMIPs followed Langumuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. The prepared TMMIPs also showed high reproducibility (RSD
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.05.040
format Article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1642320243</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>S0021967314007900</els_id><sourcerecordid>1559683405</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c557t-5114ea6d62962ac7450f36a2e84ac20bf76228db6e7b5f731187255ce43b01cd3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkc1u1DAURi1ERYfCGyCUDRKbpP53ZoOEKqBIlbopa8u5uel4FMfBTqrO2-PRDLCDlb0437Xvdwh5x2jDKNPX-wZ2KQbXcMpkQ1VDJX1BNqw1ohbGtC_JhlLO6q024pK8znlPKTPU8FfkksutNG2rNmS-9Y-7GtzswC-HatlhCrFOmOc4Zf-EVXCPEy4eqhBHhHV0aTxUPszJTwv21RzHQ8CUqyGmKmNBlmMKn5fkyjVOVRwqWBOswU_R9_kNuRjcmPHt-bwiP75-ebi5re_uv32_-XxXg1JmqRVjEp3uNd9q7sBIRQehHcdWOuC0G4zmvO07jaZTgxGs7M2VApSiowx6cUU-nubOKf5cMS82-Aw4jm7CuGbLtOSCUy7F_1GltroVkqqCyhMKKeaccLCliODSwTJqj1rs3p602KMWS5UtWkrs_fmFtQvY_wn99lCAD2fAZXDjkNwEPv_lWlWMsuOgTycOS3VPHpPN4HEC7H0q1ds--n__5BeIIK8X</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1559683405</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>High-capacity thermo-responsive magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers for selective extraction of curcuminoids</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals</source><creator>You, Qingping ; Zhang, Yuping ; Zhang, Qingwen ; Guo, Junfang ; Huang, Weihua ; Shi, Shuyun ; Chen, Xiaoqin</creator><creatorcontrib>You, Qingping ; Zhang, Yuping ; Zhang, Qingwen ; Guo, Junfang ; Huang, Weihua ; Shi, Shuyun ; Chen, Xiaoqin</creatorcontrib><description>•Novel TMMIPs with high capacity and selectivity were prepared.•Ethanol solution increased the binding capaction of TMMIPs.•NIPAm as thermo-responsive monomer and functional co-monomer.•Adsorption capacity of curcumin on TMMIPs was higher than that on MMIPs.•Group selectivity of TMMIPs was studied by the binding of curcumonoids. Thermo-responsive magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (TMMIPs) for selective recognition of curcuminoids with high capacity and selectivity have firstly been developed. The resulting TMMIPs were characterized by TEM, FT-IR, TGA, VSM and UV, which indicated that TMMIPs showed thermo-responsiveness [lower critical solution temperature (LCST) at 33.71°C] and rapid magnetic separation (5s). The polymerization, adsorption and release conditions were optimized in detail to obtain the highest binding capacity, selectivity and release ratio. We found that the adopted thermo-responsive monomer [N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm)] could be considered not only as inert polymer backbone for thermo-responsiveness but also as functional co-monomers combination with basic monomer (4-VP) for more specific binding sites when ethanol was added in binding solution. The maximum adsorption capacity with highest selectivity of curcumin was 440.3μg/g (1.93 times that on MMIPs with no thermosensitivity) at 45°C (above LCST) in 20% (v/v) ethanol solution on shrunk TMMIPs, and the maximum release proportion was about 98% at 20°C (below LCST) in methanol–acetic acid (9/1, v/v) solution on swelled TMMIPs. The adsorption process between curcumin and TMMIPs followed Langumuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. The prepared TMMIPs also showed high reproducibility (RSD&lt;6% for batch-to-batch evaluation) and stability (only 7% decrease after five cycles). Subsequently, the TMMIPs were successfully applied for selective extraction of curcuminoids from complex natural product, Curcuma longa.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-9673</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-3778</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.05.040</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24947885</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JOCRAM</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Amsterdam: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Adsorption ; Analytical chemistry ; Benzoates - chemistry ; Benzoates - isolation &amp; purification ; Binding ; Biological and medical sciences ; Chemistry ; Chromatographic methods and physical methods associated with chromatography ; Curcuma - chemistry ; Curcuminoid ; Ethanol ; Ethyl alcohol ; Exact sciences and technology ; Extraction ; General pharmacology ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Imprinted polymers ; Magnetic Fields ; Magnetic separation ; Medical sciences ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Molecular Imprinting - methods ; Molecularly imprinted polymers ; Monomers ; Natural product ; Other chromatographic methods ; Pharmacognosy. Homeopathy. Health food ; Pharmacology. Drug treatments ; Polymers - chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results ; Selectivity ; Temperature ; Thermo-responsiveness</subject><ispartof>Journal of Chromatography A, 2014-08, Vol.1354, p.1-8</ispartof><rights>2014 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c557t-5114ea6d62962ac7450f36a2e84ac20bf76228db6e7b5f731187255ce43b01cd3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c557t-5114ea6d62962ac7450f36a2e84ac20bf76228db6e7b5f731187255ce43b01cd3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021967314007900$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&amp;idt=28577810$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24947885$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>You, Qingping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yuping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Qingwen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guo, Junfang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Weihua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shi, Shuyun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Xiaoqin</creatorcontrib><title>High-capacity thermo-responsive magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers for selective extraction of curcuminoids</title><title>Journal of Chromatography A</title><addtitle>J Chromatogr A</addtitle><description>•Novel TMMIPs with high capacity and selectivity were prepared.•Ethanol solution increased the binding capaction of TMMIPs.•NIPAm as thermo-responsive monomer and functional co-monomer.•Adsorption capacity of curcumin on TMMIPs was higher than that on MMIPs.•Group selectivity of TMMIPs was studied by the binding of curcumonoids. Thermo-responsive magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (TMMIPs) for selective recognition of curcuminoids with high capacity and selectivity have firstly been developed. The resulting TMMIPs were characterized by TEM, FT-IR, TGA, VSM and UV, which indicated that TMMIPs showed thermo-responsiveness [lower critical solution temperature (LCST) at 33.71°C] and rapid magnetic separation (5s). The polymerization, adsorption and release conditions were optimized in detail to obtain the highest binding capacity, selectivity and release ratio. We found that the adopted thermo-responsive monomer [N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm)] could be considered not only as inert polymer backbone for thermo-responsiveness but also as functional co-monomers combination with basic monomer (4-VP) for more specific binding sites when ethanol was added in binding solution. The maximum adsorption capacity with highest selectivity of curcumin was 440.3μg/g (1.93 times that on MMIPs with no thermosensitivity) at 45°C (above LCST) in 20% (v/v) ethanol solution on shrunk TMMIPs, and the maximum release proportion was about 98% at 20°C (below LCST) in methanol–acetic acid (9/1, v/v) solution on swelled TMMIPs. The adsorption process between curcumin and TMMIPs followed Langumuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. The prepared TMMIPs also showed high reproducibility (RSD&lt;6% for batch-to-batch evaluation) and stability (only 7% decrease after five cycles). Subsequently, the TMMIPs were successfully applied for selective extraction of curcuminoids from complex natural product, Curcuma longa.</description><subject>Adsorption</subject><subject>Analytical chemistry</subject><subject>Benzoates - chemistry</subject><subject>Benzoates - isolation &amp; purification</subject><subject>Binding</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Chemistry</subject><subject>Chromatographic methods and physical methods associated with chromatography</subject><subject>Curcuma - chemistry</subject><subject>Curcuminoid</subject><subject>Ethanol</subject><subject>Ethyl alcohol</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Extraction</subject><subject>General pharmacology</subject><subject>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</subject><subject>Imprinted polymers</subject><subject>Magnetic Fields</subject><subject>Magnetic separation</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Microscopy, Electron, Transmission</subject><subject>Molecular Imprinting - methods</subject><subject>Molecularly imprinted polymers</subject><subject>Monomers</subject><subject>Natural product</subject><subject>Other chromatographic methods</subject><subject>Pharmacognosy. Homeopathy. Health food</subject><subject>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</subject><subject>Polymers - chemistry</subject><subject>Reproducibility of Results</subject><subject>Selectivity</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><subject>Thermo-responsiveness</subject><issn>0021-9673</issn><issn>1873-3778</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkc1u1DAURi1ERYfCGyCUDRKbpP53ZoOEKqBIlbopa8u5uel4FMfBTqrO2-PRDLCDlb0437Xvdwh5x2jDKNPX-wZ2KQbXcMpkQ1VDJX1BNqw1ohbGtC_JhlLO6q024pK8znlPKTPU8FfkksutNG2rNmS-9Y-7GtzswC-HatlhCrFOmOc4Zf-EVXCPEy4eqhBHhHV0aTxUPszJTwv21RzHQ8CUqyGmKmNBlmMKn5fkyjVOVRwqWBOswU_R9_kNuRjcmPHt-bwiP75-ebi5re_uv32_-XxXg1JmqRVjEp3uNd9q7sBIRQehHcdWOuC0G4zmvO07jaZTgxGs7M2VApSiowx6cUU-nubOKf5cMS82-Aw4jm7CuGbLtOSCUy7F_1GltroVkqqCyhMKKeaccLCliODSwTJqj1rs3p602KMWS5UtWkrs_fmFtQvY_wn99lCAD2fAZXDjkNwEPv_lWlWMsuOgTycOS3VPHpPN4HEC7H0q1ds--n__5BeIIK8X</recordid><startdate>20140808</startdate><enddate>20140808</enddate><creator>You, Qingping</creator><creator>Zhang, Yuping</creator><creator>Zhang, Qingwen</creator><creator>Guo, Junfang</creator><creator>Huang, Weihua</creator><creator>Shi, Shuyun</creator><creator>Chen, Xiaoqin</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>L7M</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20140808</creationdate><title>High-capacity thermo-responsive magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers for selective extraction of curcuminoids</title><author>You, Qingping ; Zhang, Yuping ; Zhang, Qingwen ; Guo, Junfang ; Huang, Weihua ; Shi, Shuyun ; Chen, Xiaoqin</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c557t-5114ea6d62962ac7450f36a2e84ac20bf76228db6e7b5f731187255ce43b01cd3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Adsorption</topic><topic>Analytical chemistry</topic><topic>Benzoates - chemistry</topic><topic>Benzoates - isolation &amp; purification</topic><topic>Binding</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Chemistry</topic><topic>Chromatographic methods and physical methods associated with chromatography</topic><topic>Curcuma - chemistry</topic><topic>Curcuminoid</topic><topic>Ethanol</topic><topic>Ethyl alcohol</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Extraction</topic><topic>General pharmacology</topic><topic>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</topic><topic>Imprinted polymers</topic><topic>Magnetic Fields</topic><topic>Magnetic separation</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Microscopy, Electron, Transmission</topic><topic>Molecular Imprinting - methods</topic><topic>Molecularly imprinted polymers</topic><topic>Monomers</topic><topic>Natural product</topic><topic>Other chromatographic methods</topic><topic>Pharmacognosy. Homeopathy. Health food</topic><topic>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</topic><topic>Polymers - chemistry</topic><topic>Reproducibility of Results</topic><topic>Selectivity</topic><topic>Temperature</topic><topic>Thermo-responsiveness</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>You, Qingping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yuping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Qingwen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guo, Junfang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Weihua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shi, Shuyun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Xiaoqin</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science &amp; Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution &amp; Environmental Quality</collection><collection>Aquatic Science &amp; Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>Journal of Chromatography A</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>You, Qingping</au><au>Zhang, Yuping</au><au>Zhang, Qingwen</au><au>Guo, Junfang</au><au>Huang, Weihua</au><au>Shi, Shuyun</au><au>Chen, Xiaoqin</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>High-capacity thermo-responsive magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers for selective extraction of curcuminoids</atitle><jtitle>Journal of Chromatography A</jtitle><addtitle>J Chromatogr A</addtitle><date>2014-08-08</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>1354</volume><spage>1</spage><epage>8</epage><pages>1-8</pages><issn>0021-9673</issn><eissn>1873-3778</eissn><coden>JOCRAM</coden><abstract>•Novel TMMIPs with high capacity and selectivity were prepared.•Ethanol solution increased the binding capaction of TMMIPs.•NIPAm as thermo-responsive monomer and functional co-monomer.•Adsorption capacity of curcumin on TMMIPs was higher than that on MMIPs.•Group selectivity of TMMIPs was studied by the binding of curcumonoids. Thermo-responsive magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (TMMIPs) for selective recognition of curcuminoids with high capacity and selectivity have firstly been developed. The resulting TMMIPs were characterized by TEM, FT-IR, TGA, VSM and UV, which indicated that TMMIPs showed thermo-responsiveness [lower critical solution temperature (LCST) at 33.71°C] and rapid magnetic separation (5s). The polymerization, adsorption and release conditions were optimized in detail to obtain the highest binding capacity, selectivity and release ratio. We found that the adopted thermo-responsive monomer [N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm)] could be considered not only as inert polymer backbone for thermo-responsiveness but also as functional co-monomers combination with basic monomer (4-VP) for more specific binding sites when ethanol was added in binding solution. The maximum adsorption capacity with highest selectivity of curcumin was 440.3μg/g (1.93 times that on MMIPs with no thermosensitivity) at 45°C (above LCST) in 20% (v/v) ethanol solution on shrunk TMMIPs, and the maximum release proportion was about 98% at 20°C (below LCST) in methanol–acetic acid (9/1, v/v) solution on swelled TMMIPs. The adsorption process between curcumin and TMMIPs followed Langumuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. The prepared TMMIPs also showed high reproducibility (RSD&lt;6% for batch-to-batch evaluation) and stability (only 7% decrease after five cycles). Subsequently, the TMMIPs were successfully applied for selective extraction of curcuminoids from complex natural product, Curcuma longa.</abstract><cop>Amsterdam</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>24947885</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.chroma.2014.05.040</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 0021-9673
ispartof Journal of Chromatography A, 2014-08, Vol.1354, p.1-8
issn 0021-9673
1873-3778
language eng
recordid cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1642320243
source MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals
subjects Adsorption
Analytical chemistry
Benzoates - chemistry
Benzoates - isolation & purification
Binding
Biological and medical sciences
Chemistry
Chromatographic methods and physical methods associated with chromatography
Curcuma - chemistry
Curcuminoid
Ethanol
Ethyl alcohol
Exact sciences and technology
Extraction
General pharmacology
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Imprinted polymers
Magnetic Fields
Magnetic separation
Medical sciences
Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
Molecular Imprinting - methods
Molecularly imprinted polymers
Monomers
Natural product
Other chromatographic methods
Pharmacognosy. Homeopathy. Health food
Pharmacology. Drug treatments
Polymers - chemistry
Reproducibility of Results
Selectivity
Temperature
Thermo-responsiveness
title High-capacity thermo-responsive magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers for selective extraction of curcuminoids
url https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-01T20%3A39%3A54IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=High-capacity%20thermo-responsive%20magnetic%20molecularly%20imprinted%20polymers%20for%20selective%20extraction%20of%20curcuminoids&rft.jtitle=Journal%20of%20Chromatography%20A&rft.au=You,%20Qingping&rft.date=2014-08-08&rft.volume=1354&rft.spage=1&rft.epage=8&rft.pages=1-8&rft.issn=0021-9673&rft.eissn=1873-3778&rft.coden=JOCRAM&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/j.chroma.2014.05.040&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E1559683405%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1559683405&rft_id=info:pmid/24947885&rft_els_id=S0021967314007900&rfr_iscdi=true