A Framework for Estimating the Adverse Health Effects of Contamination Events in Water Distribution Systems and its Application
Intentional or accidental releases of contaminants into a water distribution system (WDS) have the potential to cause significant adverse health effects among individuals consuming water from the system. A flexible analysis framework is presented here for estimating the magnitude of such potential e...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Risk Analysis 2014-03, Vol.34 (3), p.498-513 |
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| creator | Davis, Michael J. Janke, Robert Magnuson, Matthew L. |
| description | Intentional or accidental releases of contaminants into a water distribution system (WDS) have the potential to cause significant adverse health effects among individuals consuming water from the system. A flexible analysis framework is presented here for estimating the magnitude of such potential effects and is applied using network models for 12 actual WDSs of varying sizes. Upper bounds are developed for the magnitude of adverse effects of contamination events in WDSs and evaluated using results from the 12 systems. These bounds can be applied in cases in which little system‐specific information is available. The combination of a detailed, network‐specific approach and a bounding approach allows consequence assessments to be performed for systems for which varying amounts of information are available and addresses important needs of individual utilities as well as regional or national assessments. The approach used in the analysis framework allows contaminant injections at any or all network nodes and uses models that (1) account for contaminant transport in the systems, including contaminant decay, and (2) provide estimates of ingested contaminant doses for the exposed population. The approach can be easily modified as better transport or exposure models become available. The methods presented here provide the ability to quantify or bound potential adverse effects of contamination events for a wide variety of possible contaminants and WDSs, including systems without a network model. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/risa.12107 |
| format | Article |
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(ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)</creatorcontrib><description>Intentional or accidental releases of contaminants into a water distribution system (WDS) have the potential to cause significant adverse health effects among individuals consuming water from the system. A flexible analysis framework is presented here for estimating the magnitude of such potential effects and is applied using network models for 12 actual WDSs of varying sizes. Upper bounds are developed for the magnitude of adverse effects of contamination events in WDSs and evaluated using results from the 12 systems. These bounds can be applied in cases in which little system‐specific information is available. The combination of a detailed, network‐specific approach and a bounding approach allows consequence assessments to be performed for systems for which varying amounts of information are available and addresses important needs of individual utilities as well as regional or national assessments. The approach used in the analysis framework allows contaminant injections at any or all network nodes and uses models that (1) account for contaminant transport in the systems, including contaminant decay, and (2) provide estimates of ingested contaminant doses for the exposed population. The approach can be easily modified as better transport or exposure models become available. 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(ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)</creatorcontrib><title>A Framework for Estimating the Adverse Health Effects of Contamination Events in Water Distribution Systems and its Application</title><title>Risk Analysis</title><addtitle>Risk Analysis</addtitle><description>Intentional or accidental releases of contaminants into a water distribution system (WDS) have the potential to cause significant adverse health effects among individuals consuming water from the system. A flexible analysis framework is presented here for estimating the magnitude of such potential effects and is applied using network models for 12 actual WDSs of varying sizes. Upper bounds are developed for the magnitude of adverse effects of contamination events in WDSs and evaluated using results from the 12 systems. These bounds can be applied in cases in which little system‐specific information is available. The combination of a detailed, network‐specific approach and a bounding approach allows consequence assessments to be performed for systems for which varying amounts of information are available and addresses important needs of individual utilities as well as regional or national assessments. The approach used in the analysis framework allows contaminant injections at any or all network nodes and uses models that (1) account for contaminant transport in the systems, including contaminant decay, and (2) provide estimates of ingested contaminant doses for the exposed population. The approach can be easily modified as better transport or exposure models become available. 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(ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A Framework for Estimating the Adverse Health Effects of Contamination Events in Water Distribution Systems and its Application</atitle><jtitle>Risk Analysis</jtitle><addtitle>Risk Analysis</addtitle><date>2014-03</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>34</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>498</spage><epage>513</epage><pages>498-513</pages><issn>0272-4332</issn><eissn>1539-6924</eissn><abstract>Intentional or accidental releases of contaminants into a water distribution system (WDS) have the potential to cause significant adverse health effects among individuals consuming water from the system. A flexible analysis framework is presented here for estimating the magnitude of such potential effects and is applied using network models for 12 actual WDSs of varying sizes. Upper bounds are developed for the magnitude of adverse effects of contamination events in WDSs and evaluated using results from the 12 systems. These bounds can be applied in cases in which little system‐specific information is available. The combination of a detailed, network‐specific approach and a bounding approach allows consequence assessments to be performed for systems for which varying amounts of information are available and addresses important needs of individual utilities as well as regional or national assessments. The approach used in the analysis framework allows contaminant injections at any or all network nodes and uses models that (1) account for contaminant transport in the systems, including contaminant decay, and (2) provide estimates of ingested contaminant doses for the exposed population. The approach can be easily modified as better transport or exposure models become available. The methods presented here provide the ability to quantify or bound potential adverse effects of contamination events for a wide variety of possible contaminants and WDSs, including systems without a network model.</abstract><cop>Hoboken, NJ</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>24102461</pmid><doi>10.1111/risa.12107</doi><tpages>16</tpages></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0272-4332 |
| ispartof | Risk Analysis, 2014-03, Vol.34 (3), p.498-513 |
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| source | Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete; EBSCOhost Business Source Complete |
| subjects | Analysis Assessments Biological and medical sciences Consequence analysis Consumption Contaminants Contamination contamination events drinking water Environmental pollutants toxicology Estimating Estimation Evaluation Health Health hazards Medical sciences Networks Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine Risk and disasters sociology Risk assessment Sociology Sociology of knowledge and sociology of culture Sociology of leisure and mass culture Studies terrorist attacks Toxicology Transport Victimology Water Water distribution water distribution systems Water engineering Water supply |
| title | A Framework for Estimating the Adverse Health Effects of Contamination Events in Water Distribution Systems and its Application |
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