Persistent organic pollutant concentrations in blubber of 16 species of cetaceans stranded in the Pacific Islands from 1997 through 2011
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are toxic man-made chemicals that bioaccumulate and biomagnify in food webs, making them a ubiquitous threat to the marine environment. Although many studies have determined concentrations of POPs in top predators, no studies have quantified POPs in stranded ceta...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Science of the total environment 2014-08, Vol.488-489, p.115-123 |
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| creator | Bachman, Melannie J. Keller, Jennifer M. West, Kristi L. Jensen, Brenda A. |
| description | Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are toxic man-made chemicals that bioaccumulate and biomagnify in food webs, making them a ubiquitous threat to the marine environment. Although many studies have determined concentrations of POPs in top predators, no studies have quantified POPs in stranded cetaceans within the last 30years around the Hawaiian Islands. A suite of POPs was measured in the blubber of 16 cetacean species that stranded in the tropical Pacific, including Hawai'i from 1997 to 2011. The sample set includes odontocetes (n=39) and mysticetes (n=3). Median (range) contaminant concentrations in ng/g lipid for the most representative species category (delphinids excluding killer whales [n=27]) are: 9650 (44.4–99,100) for ∑DDTs, 6240 (40.8–50,200) for ∑PCBs, 1380 (6.73–9520) for ∑chlordanes, 1230 (13.4–5510) for ∑toxaphenes, 269 (1.99–10,100) for ∑PBDEs, 280 (2.14–4190) for mirex, 176 (5.43–857) for HCB, 48.1 ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.073 |
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•DDTs, PCBs and chlordanes were predominant in Pacific cetaceans.•POP classes are stable in cetaceans stranded over the last 15years for this region.•Contaminants are compared among cetacean species and to other populations globally.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0048-9697</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-1026</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.073</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24821437</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Adipose Tissue - metabolism ; Animals ; Cetacea ; Cetaceans ; DDT - metabolism ; Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene - metabolism ; Environmental Monitoring ; Female ; Food Chain ; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers - metabolism ; Hawai'i ; Male ; Marine ; Marine mammals ; Mysticetes ; Odontoceti ; Pacific ; Pacific Islands ; Persistent organic pollutants ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls - metabolism ; POPs ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - metabolism ; Water Pollution, Chemical - statistics & numerical data</subject><ispartof>The Science of the total environment, 2014-08, Vol.488-489, p.115-123</ispartof><rights>2014</rights><rights>Published by Elsevier B.V.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c503t-555c6d2475d5e50083a39ee78645584c39451e81add2f78cb96f8bc678e226623</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c503t-555c6d2475d5e50083a39ee78645584c39451e81add2f78cb96f8bc678e226623</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.073$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,3537,27905,27906,45976</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24821437$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Bachman, Melannie J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Keller, Jennifer M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>West, Kristi L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jensen, Brenda A.</creatorcontrib><title>Persistent organic pollutant concentrations in blubber of 16 species of cetaceans stranded in the Pacific Islands from 1997 through 2011</title><title>The Science of the total environment</title><addtitle>Sci Total Environ</addtitle><description>Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are toxic man-made chemicals that bioaccumulate and biomagnify in food webs, making them a ubiquitous threat to the marine environment. Although many studies have determined concentrations of POPs in top predators, no studies have quantified POPs in stranded cetaceans within the last 30years around the Hawaiian Islands. A suite of POPs was measured in the blubber of 16 cetacean species that stranded in the tropical Pacific, including Hawai'i from 1997 to 2011. The sample set includes odontocetes (n=39) and mysticetes (n=3). Median (range) contaminant concentrations in ng/g lipid for the most representative species category (delphinids excluding killer whales [n=27]) are: 9650 (44.4–99,100) for ∑DDTs, 6240 (40.8–50,200) for ∑PCBs, 1380 (6.73–9520) for ∑chlordanes, 1230 (13.4–5510) for ∑toxaphenes, 269 (1.99–10,100) for ∑PBDEs, 280 (2.14–4190) for mirex, 176 (5.43–857) for HCB, 48.1 (<5.42–566) for ∑HCHs, 33.9 (<2.42–990) for ∑HBCDs, 1.65 (<0.435–11.7) for octachlorostyrene and 1.49 (<2.07–13.1) for pentachlorobenzene. ∑PCB concentrations in these Pacific Island cetaceans approach and sometimes exceed proposed toxic threshold values. Backward stepwise multiple regressions indicated the influence of life history parameters on contaminant concentrations when performed with three independent variables (species category, year of stranding, and sex/age class). No temporal trends were noted (p>0.063), but sex/age class influences were evident with adult males exhibiting greater contaminant loads than adult females and juveniles for ∑DDT, ∑PCBs, ∑CHLs, and mirex (p≤0.036). POP concentrations were lower in mysticetes than odontocetes for many compound classes (p≤0.003). p,p′-DDE/∑DDTs ratios were greater than 0.6 for all species except humpback whales, suggesting exposure to an old DDT source. These POP levels are high enough to warrant concern and continued monitoring.
•DDTs, PCBs and chlordanes were predominant in Pacific cetaceans.•POP classes are stable in cetaceans stranded over the last 15years for this region.•Contaminants are compared among cetacean species and to other populations globally.</description><subject>Adipose Tissue - metabolism</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Cetacea</subject><subject>Cetaceans</subject><subject>DDT - metabolism</subject><subject>Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene - metabolism</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Food Chain</subject><subject>Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers - metabolism</subject><subject>Hawai'i</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Marine</subject><subject>Marine mammals</subject><subject>Mysticetes</subject><subject>Odontoceti</subject><subject>Pacific</subject><subject>Pacific Islands</subject><subject>Persistent organic pollutants</subject><subject>Polychlorinated Biphenyls - metabolism</subject><subject>POPs</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical - metabolism</subject><subject>Water Pollution, Chemical - statistics & numerical data</subject><issn>0048-9697</issn><issn>1879-1026</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkU1v3CAQhlHVqtl8_IWWYy_eAjZfxyhq2kiRmkN7RhiPE1ZeswUcqf8gP7tjbZJrg0ZCzDy8M_AS8pmzLWdcfd1tS4g1VZgft4LxbsswdPuObLjRtuFMqPdkw1hnGqusPiGnpewYLm34R3IiOiN41-oNebqDXGJBoUpTvvdzDPSQpmmpHjMhzQEr2deY5kLjTPtp6XvINI2UK1oOECKU9RSg-gAeqYL8PMCw4vUB6J0PcUTZmzJhvtAxpz3l1mqs5rTcP1B8AT8nH0Y_Fbh43s_I7-tvv65-NLc_v99cXd42QbK2NlLKoAbRaTlIkIyZ1rcWQBvVSWm60NpOcjDcD4MYtQm9VaPpg9IGhFBKtGfky1H3kNOfBUp1-1gCTDgbpKU4rjohcCDbvgEV2mJjqxDVRzTkVEqG0R1y3Pv813HmVsfczr065lbHHMPQa5NPz02Wfg_D670XixC4PAKAv_IYIa9CgL4MMUOobkjxv03-Aamuq20</recordid><startdate>20140801</startdate><enddate>20140801</enddate><creator>Bachman, Melannie J.</creator><creator>Keller, Jennifer M.</creator><creator>West, Kristi L.</creator><creator>Jensen, Brenda A.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7SU</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20140801</creationdate><title>Persistent organic pollutant concentrations in blubber of 16 species of cetaceans stranded in the Pacific Islands from 1997 through 2011</title><author>Bachman, Melannie J. ; Keller, Jennifer M. ; West, Kristi L. ; Jensen, Brenda A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c503t-555c6d2475d5e50083a39ee78645584c39451e81add2f78cb96f8bc678e226623</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Adipose Tissue - metabolism</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Cetacea</topic><topic>Cetaceans</topic><topic>DDT - metabolism</topic><topic>Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene - metabolism</topic><topic>Environmental Monitoring</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Food Chain</topic><topic>Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers - metabolism</topic><topic>Hawai'i</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Marine</topic><topic>Marine mammals</topic><topic>Mysticetes</topic><topic>Odontoceti</topic><topic>Pacific</topic><topic>Pacific Islands</topic><topic>Persistent organic pollutants</topic><topic>Polychlorinated Biphenyls - metabolism</topic><topic>POPs</topic><topic>Water Pollutants, Chemical - metabolism</topic><topic>Water Pollution, Chemical - statistics & numerical data</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Bachman, Melannie J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Keller, Jennifer M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>West, Kristi L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jensen, Brenda A.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><jtitle>The Science of the total environment</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Bachman, Melannie J.</au><au>Keller, Jennifer M.</au><au>West, Kristi L.</au><au>Jensen, Brenda A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Persistent organic pollutant concentrations in blubber of 16 species of cetaceans stranded in the Pacific Islands from 1997 through 2011</atitle><jtitle>The Science of the total environment</jtitle><addtitle>Sci Total Environ</addtitle><date>2014-08-01</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>488-489</volume><spage>115</spage><epage>123</epage><pages>115-123</pages><issn>0048-9697</issn><eissn>1879-1026</eissn><abstract>Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are toxic man-made chemicals that bioaccumulate and biomagnify in food webs, making them a ubiquitous threat to the marine environment. Although many studies have determined concentrations of POPs in top predators, no studies have quantified POPs in stranded cetaceans within the last 30years around the Hawaiian Islands. A suite of POPs was measured in the blubber of 16 cetacean species that stranded in the tropical Pacific, including Hawai'i from 1997 to 2011. The sample set includes odontocetes (n=39) and mysticetes (n=3). Median (range) contaminant concentrations in ng/g lipid for the most representative species category (delphinids excluding killer whales [n=27]) are: 9650 (44.4–99,100) for ∑DDTs, 6240 (40.8–50,200) for ∑PCBs, 1380 (6.73–9520) for ∑chlordanes, 1230 (13.4–5510) for ∑toxaphenes, 269 (1.99–10,100) for ∑PBDEs, 280 (2.14–4190) for mirex, 176 (5.43–857) for HCB, 48.1 (<5.42–566) for ∑HCHs, 33.9 (<2.42–990) for ∑HBCDs, 1.65 (<0.435–11.7) for octachlorostyrene and 1.49 (<2.07–13.1) for pentachlorobenzene. ∑PCB concentrations in these Pacific Island cetaceans approach and sometimes exceed proposed toxic threshold values. Backward stepwise multiple regressions indicated the influence of life history parameters on contaminant concentrations when performed with three independent variables (species category, year of stranding, and sex/age class). No temporal trends were noted (p>0.063), but sex/age class influences were evident with adult males exhibiting greater contaminant loads than adult females and juveniles for ∑DDT, ∑PCBs, ∑CHLs, and mirex (p≤0.036). POP concentrations were lower in mysticetes than odontocetes for many compound classes (p≤0.003). p,p′-DDE/∑DDTs ratios were greater than 0.6 for all species except humpback whales, suggesting exposure to an old DDT source. These POP levels are high enough to warrant concern and continued monitoring.
•DDTs, PCBs and chlordanes were predominant in Pacific cetaceans.•POP classes are stable in cetaceans stranded over the last 15years for this region.•Contaminants are compared among cetacean species and to other populations globally.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>24821437</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.073</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | Adipose Tissue - metabolism Animals Cetacea Cetaceans DDT - metabolism Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene - metabolism Environmental Monitoring Female Food Chain Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers - metabolism Hawai'i Male Marine Marine mammals Mysticetes Odontoceti Pacific Pacific Islands Persistent organic pollutants Polychlorinated Biphenyls - metabolism POPs Water Pollutants, Chemical - metabolism Water Pollution, Chemical - statistics & numerical data |
| title | Persistent organic pollutant concentrations in blubber of 16 species of cetaceans stranded in the Pacific Islands from 1997 through 2011 |
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