Forensic age estimation by the Schmeling method: computed tomography analysis of the medial clavicular epiphysis
The variability of anthropometric measures, such as the degree of ossification, among societies should be taken into account when estimating age. The degree of ossification of the medial clavicle can be determined with thin-section computed tomography (CT), which is one of the methods recommended by...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of legal medicine 2015-01, Vol.129 (1), p.203-210 |
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| creator | Ekizoglu, Oguzhan Hocaoglu, Elif Inci, Ercan Sayin, Ibrahim Solmaz, Dilek Bilgili, Mustafa Gokhan Can, Ismail Ozgur |
| description | The variability of anthropometric measures, such as the degree of ossification, among societies should be taken into account when estimating age. The degree of ossification of the medial clavicle can be determined with thin-section computed tomography (CT), which is one of the methods recommended by the Study Group on Forensic Age Diagnostics of the German Association of Forensic Medicine. The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the applicability of thin-section CT analysis of the degree of ossification of the medial clavicle in a Turkish population. We evaluated the CT images (1-mm slice thickness) of 503 patients (362 male, 141 female; age, 10–35 years) using the Schmeling five-stage method. The Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between age and ossification stage in both male and female patients (total group: rho = 0.838,
p
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| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00414-014-1121-y |
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| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1641858291</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>1641858291</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c442t-5b12a1fd3e4e41b5eadffdef92d3b0514b781b2a57bc6d3ed27f2c2685fbae923</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kU-L1TAUxYMoznP0A7iRgBs31dy8pH_cyeCoMOBCXYckvXkvQ9vUpBX67b1jRxHBRUggv3Mu9xzGnoN4DUI0b4oQClQl6ABIqLYH7ADq2FSgu_ohO4iO3l0rmwv2pJRbIaCpG_2YXUitRCs7eWDzdco4lei5PSHHssTRLjFN3G18OSP_4s8jDnE68RGXc-rfcp_GeV2w50sa0ynb-bxxO9lhK7HwFH6pRuyjHbgf7I_o18FmjnMkkJCn7FGwQ8Fn9_cl-3b9_uvVx-rm84dPV-9uKq-UXCrtQFoI_REVKnAabR9Cj6GT_dEJDco1LThpdeN8TVQvmyC9rFsdnMVOHi_Zq913zun7SouZMRaPw2AnTGsxUCtoNYUAhL78B71Na6aVdopCg7omCnbK51RKxmDmTGHlzYAwd3WYvQ5DdZi7OsxGmhf3zqujTP4ofudPgNyBQl_TCfNfo__r-hOPI5gG</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1641176166</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Forensic age estimation by the Schmeling method: computed tomography analysis of the medial clavicular epiphysis</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>HeinOnline Law Journal Library</source><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><creator>Ekizoglu, Oguzhan ; Hocaoglu, Elif ; Inci, Ercan ; Sayin, Ibrahim ; Solmaz, Dilek ; Bilgili, Mustafa Gokhan ; Can, Ismail Ozgur</creator><creatorcontrib>Ekizoglu, Oguzhan ; Hocaoglu, Elif ; Inci, Ercan ; Sayin, Ibrahim ; Solmaz, Dilek ; Bilgili, Mustafa Gokhan ; Can, Ismail Ozgur</creatorcontrib><description>The variability of anthropometric measures, such as the degree of ossification, among societies should be taken into account when estimating age. The degree of ossification of the medial clavicle can be determined with thin-section computed tomography (CT), which is one of the methods recommended by the Study Group on Forensic Age Diagnostics of the German Association of Forensic Medicine. The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the applicability of thin-section CT analysis of the degree of ossification of the medial clavicle in a Turkish population. We evaluated the CT images (1-mm slice thickness) of 503 patients (362 male, 141 female; age, 10–35 years) using the Schmeling five-stage method. The Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between age and ossification stage in both male and female patients (total group: rho = 0.838,
p
< 0.001; male: rho = 0.831,
p
< 0.001; female: rho = 0.856,
p
< 0.001). The linear regression analysis results indicated that the ossification stage of the medial clavicle is a good predictor when estimating age (
r
2
= 0.735 for all patients, 0.734 for male patients, 0.741 for female patients). Sex differences in ossification stages were observed only for stage 1 and 4 ossification. We believe that future research could expand the database on this topic and contribute to improvements in this measurement method.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0937-9827</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1437-1596</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00414-014-1121-y</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25408292</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Age ; Age Determination by Skeleton - methods ; Cartilage ; Child ; Clavicle - diagnostic imaging ; Clavicle - growth & development ; Epiphyses - diagnostic imaging ; Epiphyses - growth & development ; Female ; Forensic Anthropology ; Forensic Medicine ; Gender differences ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Male ; Medical imaging ; Medical Law ; Medicine & Public Health ; Methods ; Multidetector Computed Tomography ; Original Article ; Osteogenesis ; Retrospective Studies ; Statistical analysis ; Thoracic surgery ; Tomography</subject><ispartof>International journal of legal medicine, 2015-01, Vol.129 (1), p.203-210</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014</rights><rights>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c442t-5b12a1fd3e4e41b5eadffdef92d3b0514b781b2a57bc6d3ed27f2c2685fbae923</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c442t-5b12a1fd3e4e41b5eadffdef92d3b0514b781b2a57bc6d3ed27f2c2685fbae923</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00414-014-1121-y$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00414-014-1121-y$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25408292$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ekizoglu, Oguzhan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hocaoglu, Elif</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Inci, Ercan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sayin, Ibrahim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Solmaz, Dilek</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bilgili, Mustafa Gokhan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Can, Ismail Ozgur</creatorcontrib><title>Forensic age estimation by the Schmeling method: computed tomography analysis of the medial clavicular epiphysis</title><title>International journal of legal medicine</title><addtitle>Int J Legal Med</addtitle><addtitle>Int J Legal Med</addtitle><description>The variability of anthropometric measures, such as the degree of ossification, among societies should be taken into account when estimating age. The degree of ossification of the medial clavicle can be determined with thin-section computed tomography (CT), which is one of the methods recommended by the Study Group on Forensic Age Diagnostics of the German Association of Forensic Medicine. The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the applicability of thin-section CT analysis of the degree of ossification of the medial clavicle in a Turkish population. We evaluated the CT images (1-mm slice thickness) of 503 patients (362 male, 141 female; age, 10–35 years) using the Schmeling five-stage method. The Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between age and ossification stage in both male and female patients (total group: rho = 0.838,
p
< 0.001; male: rho = 0.831,
p
< 0.001; female: rho = 0.856,
p
< 0.001). The linear regression analysis results indicated that the ossification stage of the medial clavicle is a good predictor when estimating age (
r
2
= 0.735 for all patients, 0.734 for male patients, 0.741 for female patients). Sex differences in ossification stages were observed only for stage 1 and 4 ossification. We believe that future research could expand the database on this topic and contribute to improvements in this measurement method.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Age Determination by Skeleton - methods</subject><subject>Cartilage</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Clavicle - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Clavicle - growth & development</subject><subject>Epiphyses - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Epiphyses - growth & development</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Forensic Anthropology</subject><subject>Forensic Medicine</subject><subject>Gender differences</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Linear Models</subject><subject>Magnetic resonance imaging</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical imaging</subject><subject>Medical Law</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>Multidetector Computed Tomography</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Osteogenesis</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Thoracic surgery</subject><subject>Tomography</subject><issn>0937-9827</issn><issn>1437-1596</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kU-L1TAUxYMoznP0A7iRgBs31dy8pH_cyeCoMOBCXYckvXkvQ9vUpBX67b1jRxHBRUggv3Mu9xzGnoN4DUI0b4oQClQl6ABIqLYH7ADq2FSgu_ohO4iO3l0rmwv2pJRbIaCpG_2YXUitRCs7eWDzdco4lei5PSHHssTRLjFN3G18OSP_4s8jDnE68RGXc-rfcp_GeV2w50sa0ynb-bxxO9lhK7HwFH6pRuyjHbgf7I_o18FmjnMkkJCn7FGwQ8Fn9_cl-3b9_uvVx-rm84dPV-9uKq-UXCrtQFoI_REVKnAabR9Cj6GT_dEJDco1LThpdeN8TVQvmyC9rFsdnMVOHi_Zq913zun7SouZMRaPw2AnTGsxUCtoNYUAhL78B71Na6aVdopCg7omCnbK51RKxmDmTGHlzYAwd3WYvQ5DdZi7OsxGmhf3zqujTP4ofudPgNyBQl_TCfNfo__r-hOPI5gG</recordid><startdate>20150101</startdate><enddate>20150101</enddate><creator>Ekizoglu, Oguzhan</creator><creator>Hocaoglu, Elif</creator><creator>Inci, Ercan</creator><creator>Sayin, Ibrahim</creator><creator>Solmaz, Dilek</creator><creator>Bilgili, Mustafa Gokhan</creator><creator>Can, Ismail Ozgur</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>0-V</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AM</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ALSLI</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BGRYB</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K7.</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>M0O</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150101</creationdate><title>Forensic age estimation by the Schmeling method: computed tomography analysis of the medial clavicular epiphysis</title><author>Ekizoglu, Oguzhan ; Hocaoglu, Elif ; Inci, Ercan ; Sayin, Ibrahim ; Solmaz, Dilek ; Bilgili, Mustafa Gokhan ; Can, Ismail Ozgur</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c442t-5b12a1fd3e4e41b5eadffdef92d3b0514b781b2a57bc6d3ed27f2c2685fbae923</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Age Determination by Skeleton - methods</topic><topic>Cartilage</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Clavicle - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Clavicle - growth & development</topic><topic>Epiphyses - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Epiphyses - growth & development</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Forensic Anthropology</topic><topic>Forensic Medicine</topic><topic>Gender differences</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Linear Models</topic><topic>Magnetic resonance imaging</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical imaging</topic><topic>Medical Law</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Methods</topic><topic>Multidetector Computed Tomography</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>Osteogenesis</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Thoracic surgery</topic><topic>Tomography</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ekizoglu, Oguzhan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hocaoglu, Elif</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Inci, Ercan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sayin, Ibrahim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Solmaz, Dilek</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bilgili, Mustafa Gokhan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Can, Ismail Ozgur</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Criminal Justice Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Social Science Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Criminology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Criminal Justice (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Criminal Justice Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>International journal of legal medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ekizoglu, Oguzhan</au><au>Hocaoglu, Elif</au><au>Inci, Ercan</au><au>Sayin, Ibrahim</au><au>Solmaz, Dilek</au><au>Bilgili, Mustafa Gokhan</au><au>Can, Ismail Ozgur</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Forensic age estimation by the Schmeling method: computed tomography analysis of the medial clavicular epiphysis</atitle><jtitle>International journal of legal medicine</jtitle><stitle>Int J Legal Med</stitle><addtitle>Int J Legal Med</addtitle><date>2015-01-01</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>129</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>203</spage><epage>210</epage><pages>203-210</pages><issn>0937-9827</issn><eissn>1437-1596</eissn><abstract>The variability of anthropometric measures, such as the degree of ossification, among societies should be taken into account when estimating age. The degree of ossification of the medial clavicle can be determined with thin-section computed tomography (CT), which is one of the methods recommended by the Study Group on Forensic Age Diagnostics of the German Association of Forensic Medicine. The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the applicability of thin-section CT analysis of the degree of ossification of the medial clavicle in a Turkish population. We evaluated the CT images (1-mm slice thickness) of 503 patients (362 male, 141 female; age, 10–35 years) using the Schmeling five-stage method. The Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between age and ossification stage in both male and female patients (total group: rho = 0.838,
p
< 0.001; male: rho = 0.831,
p
< 0.001; female: rho = 0.856,
p
< 0.001). The linear regression analysis results indicated that the ossification stage of the medial clavicle is a good predictor when estimating age (
r
2
= 0.735 for all patients, 0.734 for male patients, 0.741 for female patients). Sex differences in ossification stages were observed only for stage 1 and 4 ossification. We believe that future research could expand the database on this topic and contribute to improvements in this measurement method.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>25408292</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00414-014-1121-y</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adolescent Age Age Determination by Skeleton - methods Cartilage Child Clavicle - diagnostic imaging Clavicle - growth & development Epiphyses - diagnostic imaging Epiphyses - growth & development Female Forensic Anthropology Forensic Medicine Gender differences Humans Linear Models Magnetic resonance imaging Male Medical imaging Medical Law Medicine & Public Health Methods Multidetector Computed Tomography Original Article Osteogenesis Retrospective Studies Statistical analysis Thoracic surgery Tomography |
| title | Forensic age estimation by the Schmeling method: computed tomography analysis of the medial clavicular epiphysis |
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